脂肪干细胞治疗下肢缺血的研究进展

下肢缺血性疾病是临床常见的严重危害中老年人健康的疾病之一。目前，临床针对下肢缺血性疾病的治疗方法多样，但远 期疗效欠佳，对于肢体严重缺血的患者往往需要进行截肢处理。脂肪干细胞（adipose-derived stemcells, ADSCs）作为再生医学用 于治疗下肢缺血的种子细胞具有广阔的应用前景。本文将对ADSCs 治疗下肢缺血的研究进展进行综述。     

优质护理模式对心肌梗死康复期患者心理障碍及不良情绪的影响研究

目的:研究优质护理模式对心肌梗死康复期患者心理障碍及不良情绪的影响程度,旨在为康复期患者护理方式的选取提供理论依据。方法:将本院2014年1月~2014年12月的70例心肌梗死康复期患者遵照随机数字表法分为对照组和观察组各35例,对照组采用常规的康复护理进行干预,观察组则以优质护理理念为指导进行护理干预,然后将两组护理前和护理后2周、4周及8周的心理障碍及不良情绪状态采用SECD6量表及HAD量表进行评估,并将评估结果进行比较。结果:观察组护理后2周、4周及8周的SECD6量表及HAD量表评估结果均明显优于对照组,P均0.05,均有显著性差异。结论:优质护理模式对心肌梗死康复期患者治疗信心及不良情绪的影响相对更为积极,为患者康复治疗的顺利进行奠定了基础。     

Comparative HILIC/ESI-QTOF-MS and HPTLC studies of pyrrolizidine alkaloids in flowers of Tussilago farfara and roots of Arnebia euchroma

The utility of HPTLC and HILIC/ESI-QTOF-MS for the determination of pyrrolizidine alkaloids (PAs) and their N-oxides (PANOs) was compared in the selected plant species: Tussilago farfara L. (TF, flower) and Arnebia euchroma (Royle) I.M. Johnst. (AE, root). HPTLC confirmed the postulated presence of PAs (saturated and unsaturated) or PANOs in the tested extracts. In accordance with previous studies, HILIC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS confirmed the presence of the toxic PA senkirkine and the saturated otonecine-type PAs, tussilagine and isotussilagine in the TF extract and 7-angeloylretronecine and 9-angeloylretronecine in AE extract. Moreover, the following alkaloids were identified in AE root: intermedine, intermedine-N-oxide, leptanthine-N-oxide, echimidine-N-oxide (or their corresponding stereoisomers) and traces of 7-angeloylretronecine and 9-angeloylretronecine-N-oxide. The study demonstrates the HILIC/ESI-Q-TOF-MS method to be a very useful tool for monitoring PAs and PANOs in the test samples, even when not all of the necessary standards are available. Quantitative analysis of senkirkine in TF flower by HILIC/ESI-QTOF-MS featured high resolution, high precision, high mass accuracy, and very high sensitivity with limit-of-detection (LOD) of 27.50 fg/μL and limit-of-quantitation (LOQ) of 91.60 fg/μL. The results from both methods may be used for the development or rejection of European Pharmacopoeia (X) monographs of both investigated species.     

Accuracies in Po-210 determination for lead-210 dating

Various laboratory techniques have been utilized worldwide for measuring lead-210 in sub-recent deposits through its grand-daughter product polonium-210. Isotope dilution alpha spectrometry proved a suitable tool for absolute determination of lead-210 for the dating of aquatic deposits. Moreover, isotope dilution alpha spectrometry along with speciation experiments can be used to resolve depositional anomalies arising from supported lead-210/Ra-226 disequilibrium levels and unsupported lead-210 mobile fractions. Isotope dilution alpha spectrometry of sub-recent sediment and peat deposits has been critically evaluated for more than ten years. Our results show that type, size and composition of deposits analyzed as well as radiochemical procedures used, together with alpha counting techniques, are important factors influencing lead-210 determinations and tailing corrections using its granddaughter product polonium-210. Optimization of these parameters is of prime importance to achieve economic and accurate analyses, especially at low lead-210 concentrations and small sample sizes.     

Humulus lupulus L. cv. Cascade grown in Northern Italy: morphological and phytochemical characterization

Abstract

Several aroma hops (Humulus lupulus L.) were recently introduced in Northern Italy as a small-scale production of excellence. In this preliminary study, the American cultivar Cascade was investigated in a combined morphological and phytochemical survey. Morphological investigation on trichome structure, density and distribution was performed by scanning electron microscopy and light microscopy. Essential oil composition, α/β-acid and polyphenol profiles over 3 years were determined by GC-MS and HPLC analyses. Two types of non-glandular (simple and cystolithic) and glandular (peltate and bulbous) trichomes were observed on leaves and female inflorescences. The peltate trichomes resulted as the main sites of terpene production and accumulation. The essential oil profiles showed myrcene, β-caryophyllene, (E)-β-farnesene and humulene epoxide II as the dominant compounds over the three collection times, although with different relative abundances. The presence of two exclusive compounds, γ-muurolene and trans-γ-cadinene, characterized the investigated cv. Cascade, potentially enhancing herbal, woody and spicy aroma traits of this cultivation in Northern Italy. The bitter acid composition showed quantitative values consistent with literature data only for the second and third monitoring year. Qualitative differences in polyphenol content were also recorded, for the presence of quercetin-3-O-malonylglucoside and kaempferol-3-O-rutinoside, which may characterize this peculiar Italian cultivation.     

To share or not to share: Incentivizing data sharing in life science communities

Most scientists recognize the importance of sharing data online in an open fashion. Nonetheless, many studies have documented the concerns that accompany data sharing activities, including loss of credit or IP, misuse and the time needed to curate interoperable data. To this end, discussions around data sharing often identify incentives that could potentially ameliorate these disincentivising concerns. Nonetheless, current Open Data discussions often rely on evidence‐based studies to identify the disincentives to overcome. This results in highly specific and directed interventions. In contrast, this paper offers a different interpretation of these concerns. To do so, it makes use of the Thomas Theorem which suggests that: “If men define situations as real, they are real in their consequences”. Using empirical evidence from sub‐Saharan African (bio)chemistry laboratories, this paper illustrates how individual perceptions of research environments – whether associated with evidence or not – are highly influential in shaping data sharing practices. It concludes with the suggestion that discussion on incentivising data sharing amongst scientific communities need to take a broader set of concerns into account and offer a more creative approach to ameliorating environmental disincentives.     

Adipose triglyceride lipase regulates eicosanoid production in activated human mast cells

Human mast cells (MCs) contain TG-rich cytoplasmic lipid droplets (LDs) with high arachidonic acid (AA) content. Here, we investigated the functional role of adipose TG lipase (ATGL) in TG hydrolysis and the ensuing release of AA as substrate for eicosanoid generation by activated human primary MCs in culture. Silencing of ATGL in MCs by siRNAs induced the accumulation of neutral lipids in LDs. IgE-dependent activation of MCs triggered the secretion of the two major eicosanoids, prostaglandin D2 (PGD2) and leukotriene C4 (LTC4). The immediate release of PGD2 from the activated MCs was solely dependent on cyclooxygenase (COX) 1, while during the delayed phase of lipid mediator production, the inducible COX-2 also contributed to its release. Importantly, when ATGL-silenced MCs were activated, the secretion of both PGD2 and LTC4 was significantly reduced. Interestingly, the inhibitory effect on the release of LTC4 was even more pronounced in ATGL-silenced MCs than in cytosolic phospholipase A₂-silenced MCs. These data show that ATGL hydrolyzes AA-containing TGs present in human MC LDs and define ATGL as a novel regulator of the substrate availability of AA for eicosanoid generation upon MC activation.