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1.
A genetic map of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) integrating molecular markers with morphological and isozyme markers was constructed using a backcross population of 67 diploid potato plants. A general method for map construction is described that differs from previous methods employed in potato and other outbreeding plants. First, separate maps for the female and male parents were constructed. The female map contained 132 markers, whereas the male map contained 138 markers. Second, on the basis of the markers in common the two integrated parental maps were combined into one with the computer programme JoinMap. This combined map consisted of 175 molecular markers, 10 morphological markers and 8 isozyme markers. Ninety-two of the molecular markers were derived from DNA sequences flanking either T-DNA inserts in potato or reintegrated maize transposable elements originating from these T-DNA constructs. Clusters of distorted segregation were found on chromosomes 1,2,8 and 11 for the male parent and chromosome 5 for both parents. The total length of the combined map is 1120 cM.  相似文献   
2.
Both leica microscopic camera system and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and characterize the feet, back, abdomen, antennae and mouthparts of the Pseudoregma bambucicola from the bamboo, Bambusa multiplex. The possible functions of all the external morphological characteristics of the P. bambucicola were described and discussed in detail, which offers a basis for further enriching the biology, phylogeny and ecological niche of the P. bambucicola. Moreover, the morphological results should contribute to morphological identification and differentiation of the P. bambucicola from other aphids in the same family.  相似文献   
3.
  1. Publications on power analyses for field trial count data comparing transgenic and conventional crops have reported widely varying requirements for the replication needed to obtain statistical tests with adequate power. These studies are critically reviewed and complemented with a new simulation study.
  2. The reasons for the different reports are elucidated and can be classified as additional (but hidden) replication, selection of favourable endpoints with low variation, and reporting at an unusual scale.
  3. A new simulation study was performed to investigate the relationship between statistical power and replication under a variety of data‐generating and analysis methods. Approximately 60 replications should be sufficient to detect a 50% (two‐fold) decrease in taxon numbers, provided that the coefficient of variation in the counts does not exceed 100%.
  4. Replication can be accomplished not only by using multiple blocks in a single trial, but also by repeating the experiment in multiple years and/or at different sites. With other (e.g. agronomic) treatment factors in the field trial, without interaction with variety, the effective replication can be increased by investigating the main variety effect summed over the other treatment factors. Repeated measures may also increase the power if the expected difference is equal over time and the time points are sufficiently spaced.
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4.
【目的】大肠杆菌的dcm基因编码的DNA甲基转移酶可以特异性地将5′CCWGG3′(W=A/T)序列中第二个胞嘧啶变成5-甲基胞嘧啶。Dcm甲基转移酶发现已有37年了,但其确切的功能不明,本篇主要研究其对变铅青链霉菌的影响。【方法】通过构建克隆、接合转移、异源表达及HPLC、酶切、Southern杂交等方法研究dcm基因的表达对变铅青链霉菌的多效性影响。【结果】首次发现变铅青链霉菌基因组中不含5-甲基胞嘧啶修饰,将dcm基因导入变铅青链霉菌后,接合子菌落比正常菌落小很多,并有放线紫红素产生。【结论】基因组的表观遗传修饰能激活沉默放线紫红素基因簇的表达这一现象,为基因组挖掘隐藏的活性天然产物提供了一条新途径。  相似文献   
5.
In a series of experiments, we investigated the effects of food availability and risk frequency on the dynamics of predator-induced changes in growth and morphology of prey fish using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as our test species. In experiment 1, we fed goldfish high or low food rations and exposed them to either alarm cues from conspecifics, cues from swordtails or a water control. After 60 days, goldfish in the alarm cue treatment significantly increased their body depth and body weight but had smaller body length than goldfish exposed to swordtails cues or water, likely reducing their vulnerability to gape-limited predators. Importantly, food level had an impact on the amplitude of the morphological changes. In experiment 2, goldfish were exposed to two different frequencies of predation cues or a water control for 50 days. The cues were either continued or discontinued from day 51 to 100, and all cues were resumed from day 101 to 150. We found that goldfish exposed to predation cues increased their depth and weight at a faster rate than did the goldfish exposed to water, and of particular significance was the fact that frequency of risk had an effect on the amplitude of the change. When the cues were interrupted, the increase in growth rate parameters was reduced to the level of the goldfish exposed to water. However, when the cues were resumed, the rate increased to match the growth rate of the goldfish that were continuously exposed to the cues. Finally, we staged encounters between goldfish of differing morphologies and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and found that deep-bodied goldfish had better survival than the shallow-bodied ones. These experiments illustrate the dynamic nature of inducible morphological defences.  相似文献   
6.
研究旨在筛选烈性噬菌体, 为副溶血弧菌(Vibrio parahaemolyticus, Vp)病害防控增加新的选择。以副溶血弧菌Vp13为宿主菌, 通过二层琼脂平板法筛选, 分离到了2株烈性噬菌体SX-2和SX-F。对其形态结构进行了透射电镜观察, 利用DNase I、 RNase A、Mung Bean Nuclease和Hind Ш酶进行噬菌体核酸类型鉴定, 并对噬菌体的裂解谱、最佳感染复数、一步生长曲线进行了测定。透射电镜观察结果显示: SX-2核衣壳头部长约110 nm, 宽约50 nm, 尾部长约150 nm, 宽约10 nm, 为典型的复合体制; SX-F核衣壳呈正六边形, 长约为56.86 nm,宽约50.74 nm, 未观察到尾部, 推测为正二十面体对称; 核酸测定结果显示两者均为线性双链DNA。依据国际病毒分类委员会第九次报告, SX-2符合肌尾噬菌体科特征, SX-F符合盖噬菌体科特征。噬菌体SX-2和SX-F对85株弧菌裂解结果显示: 噬菌体SX-2能够裂解23株副溶血弧菌和1株溶藻弧菌(Vibrio alginolyticus), 噬菌体SX-F能够裂解19株副溶血弧菌和1株溶藻弧菌。SX-2和SX-F的最佳感染复数均为0.0001。一步生长曲线结果显示: SX-F的潜伏期约10min, 裂解期约70min, 裂解量为116.2; 噬菌体SX-2的潜伏期小于10min, 裂解期大约70min, 裂解量为209.3。两株噬菌体生物学特性表明SX-2与SX-F均为烈性噬菌体, 这为进一步探讨噬菌体防治技术奠定了基础。  相似文献   
7.
A morphological mutation particularly detectable in the dikaryotic state was found in Lentinula edodes. The mutant dikaryon was readily distinguishable from the normal dikaryon by the irregularly branched short hyphae, very slow hyphal growth, and sparse aerial hyphae. Genetic analysis revealed that expression of this mutation was controlled by a single recessive gene, mor-13. Linkage analysis showed that the mor-13 was not linked to either the incompatibility factors (A and B) or the five kinds of mor genes that were segregated independently of each other in a previous study. Contribution no. 380 from the Tottori Mycological Institute  相似文献   
8.
The morphology of dissociated single cerebellar Purkinje cells obtained from wild-type P1 CD1 mice was assessed in the absence and in the presence of glia. A dedicated noninvasive technique based on optical microscopy was developed. Image processing algorithms were implemented to extract metrical features characterizing cell structure and dendritic arborization. The morphological features were analyzed in order to identify quantitative differences in Purkinje cell morphology due to interactions with astrocytes.  相似文献   
9.
The physico-chemical, morphological, thermal, pasting, textural, and retrogradation properties of the starches isolated from four traditional Taewa (Maori potato) cultivars (Karuparera, Tutaekuri, Huakaroro, Moemoe) of New Zealand were studied and compared with starch properties of a modern potato cultivar (Nadine). The relationships between the different starch characteristics were quantified using Pearson correlation and principal component analysis. Significant differences were observed among physico-chemical properties such as phosphorus content, amylose content, swelling power, solubility and light transmittance of starches from the different potato cultivars. The starch granule morphology (size and shape) for all the potato cultivars showed considerable variation when studied by scanning electron microscopy and particle size analysis. Starch granules from Nadine and Moemoe cultivars showed the presence of large and irregular or cuboid granules in fairly high number compared with the starches from the other cultivars. The transition temperatures (To; Tp; Tc) and the enthalpies (ΔHgel) associated with gelatinization suggested differences in the stability of the crystalline structures among these potato starches. The Moemoe starch showed the lowest To, while it was higher for Tutaekuri and Karuparera starches. Pasting properties such as peak, final and breakdown viscosity and texture profile analysis (TPA) parameters of starch gels such as hardness and fracturability were found to be higher for Nadine and Huakaroro starches. The Nadine and Huakaroro starch gels also had lower tendency towards retrogradation as evidenced by their lower syneresis (%) during storage at 4 °C. Principal component analysis showed that the Tutaekuri and Nadine cultivars differed to the greatest degree in terms of the properties of their starches.  相似文献   
10.
Reaction of 2 equiv of the sodium salt of ethyl pyrazole-4-carboxylate, with 1 equiv of 2,6-dibromopyridine, in diglyme at 130 °C for 5 days yields 2,6-di[4-(ethylcarboxy)pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine (L1), with 2-bromo-6-[4-(ethylcarboxy)pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine (L2) as a significant byproduct. Reduction of L1 with excess NaBH4 in thf affords 2,6-di[4-(hydroxymethyl)pyrazol-1-yl]pyridine (L3) in low yield. The crystalline complex [Fe(L1)2][BF4]2 · 2CF3CH2OH is low-spin at 150 K, while bulk samples with this formula are approximately 10% high-spin and 90% low-spin at room temperature. This ratio does not vary significantly on cooling from its magnetic susceptibility, suggesting that the material might be contaminated by a second, minor high-spin phase. Single crystals of [Fe(L3)2][BF4]2·1.4CH3CN have a mixed spin-state population, with the low-spin state predominating at 150 K. The [Fe(L3)2(BF4)]+ moieties in the lattice associate into 1-D chains through intermolecular O-H?O and O-H?F hydrogen bonding. Bulk samples of [Fe(L3)2][BF4]2 · H2O are fully low-spin below 200 K, but the magnetic data imply the onset of a gradual thermal spin-transition centred above room temperature. DSC and TGA measurements imply that this transition is centred at 322 K, and involves loss of lattice water. Both complexes undergo spin-crossover in (CD3)2CO solution, with transition midpoints near 250 K.  相似文献   
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