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1.
A genetic map of potato (Solanum tuberosum) integrating molecular markers,including transposons,and classical markers 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J. M. E. Jacobs H. J. Van Eck P. Arens B. Verkerk-Bakker B. te Lintel Hekkert H. J. M. Bastiaanssen A. El-Kharbotly A. Pereira E. Jacobsen W. J. Stiekema 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,91(2):289-300
A genetic map of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) integrating molecular markers with morphological and isozyme markers was constructed using a backcross population of 67 diploid potato plants. A general method for map construction is described that differs from previous methods employed in potato and other outbreeding plants. First, separate maps for the female and male parents were constructed. The female map contained 132 markers, whereas the male map contained 138 markers. Second, on the basis of the markers in common the two integrated parental maps were combined into one with the computer programme JoinMap. This combined map consisted of 175 molecular markers, 10 morphological markers and 8 isozyme markers. Ninety-two of the molecular markers were derived from DNA sequences flanking either T-DNA inserts in potato or reintegrated maize transposable elements originating from these T-DNA constructs. Clusters of distorted segregation were found on chromosomes 1,2,8 and 11 for the male parent and chromosome 5 for both parents. The total length of the combined map is 1120 cM. 相似文献
2.
《Saudi Journal of Biological Sciences》2017,24(7):1626-1630
Both leica microscopic camera system and scanning electron microscopy was used to observe and characterize the feet, back, abdomen, antennae and mouthparts of the Pseudoregma bambucicola from the bamboo, Bambusa multiplex. The possible functions of all the external morphological characteristics of the P. bambucicola were described and discussed in detail, which offers a basis for further enriching the biology, phylogeny and ecological niche of the P. bambucicola. Moreover, the morphological results should contribute to morphological identification and differentiation of the P. bambucicola from other aphids in the same family. 相似文献
3.
Leaf hydraulic conductance varies with vein anatomy across Arabidopsis thaliana wild‐type and leaf vein mutants 下载免费PDF全文
Marissa A. Caringella Franca J. Bongers Lawren Sack 《Plant, cell & environment》2015,38(12):2735-2746
Leaf venation is diverse across plant species and has practical applications from paleobotany to modern agriculture. However, the impact of vein traits on plant performance has not yet been tested in a model system such as Arabidopsis thaliana. Previous studies analysed cotyledons of A. thaliana vein mutants and identified visible differences in their vein systems from the wild type (WT). We measured leaf hydraulic conductance (Kleaf), vein traits, and xylem and mesophyll anatomy for A. thaliana WT (Col‐0) and four vein mutants (dot3‐111 and dot3‐134, and cvp1‐3 and cvp2‐1). Mutant true leaves did not possess the qualitative venation anomalies previously shown in the cotyledons, but varied quantitatively in vein traits and leaf anatomy across genotypes. The WT had significantly higher mean Kleaf. Across all genotypes, there was a strong correlation of Kleaf with traits related to hydraulic conductance across the bundle sheath, as influenced by the number and radial diameter of bundle sheath cells and vein length per area. These findings support the hypothesis that vein traits influence Kleaf, indicating the usefulness of this mutant system for testing theory that was primarily established comparatively across species, and supports a strong role for the bundle sheath in influencing Kleaf. 相似文献
4.
Estelle Arbellay Markus Stoffel Elaine K. Sutherland Kevin T. Smith Donald A. Falk 《Annals of botany》2014,114(5):973-980
Background and Aims
Resin ducts (RDs) are features present in most conifer species as defence structures against pests and pathogens; however, little is known about RD expression in trees following fire injury. This study investigates changes in RD size and density in fire scars of Douglas fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) and western larch (Larix occidentalis) as a means to evaluate the ecophysiological significance of traumatic resinosis for tree defence and survival.Methods
Transverse and tangential microsections were prepared for light microscopy and image analysis in order to analyse axial and radial RDs, respectively. Epithelial cells of RDs and fusiform rays associated with radial RDs were also examined. RDs were compared between normal xylem and wound xylem at four different section heights along the fire-injured stem.Key Results
Following fire injury, P. menziesii axial RDs narrowed by 38–43 % in the first year after injury, and the magnitude of this change increased with stem height. Larix occidentalis axial RDs widened by 46–50 % in the second year after injury. Radial RDs were of equivalent size in P. menziesii, but widened by 162–214 % in L. occidentalis. Fusiform rays were larger following fire injury, by 4–14 % in P. menziesii and by 23–38 % in L. occidentalis. Furthermore, axial RD density increased in both species due to the formation of tangential rows of traumatic RDs, especially in the first and second years after injury. However, radial RD density did not change significantly.Conclusions
These results highlight traumatic resinosis as a species-specific response. Pseudotsuga menziesii produce RDs of equivalent or reduced size, whereas L. occidentalis produce wider RDs in both the axial and radial duct system, thereby increasing resin biosynthesis and accumulation within the whole tree. Larix occidentalis thus appears to allocate more energy to defence than P. menziesii. 相似文献5.
Study of the apical portions of vegetative thalli of 21 species of the genera Gelidium and Pterocladia (Gelidiales-Rhodophyta) revealed the existence of six patterns of medullary structure. Each pattern is characterized by the organization of the medullary tissue and the changes in cellular dimensions from apex to subapex. These characters can be used to separate groups of species within each genus. 相似文献
6.
Polyethylene glycol was used to induce water stress of micropropagated Valiant grape. Reduced growth and slow rooting were observed in treated plantlets with 2, 4 and 6% polyethylene glycol as compared to control plantlets with no polyethylene glycol in the rooting medium. At high concentrations of 4 and 6%, leaves exhibited wilting and necrosis. At the 2% level, plantlets recovered and grew satisfactorily. Detached leaves of treated plantlets with 2% polyethylene glycol lost less water than controls when exposed to low humidity for 4 hours. Leaf anatomy of plantlets treated with 2% polyethylene glycol, control (in vitro plantlets) and greenhouse-grown plants were compared under light microscopy. Leaves from control plantlets contained larger mesophyll cells, lacked normal palisade layer formation, had greater intercellular pore spaces and fewer chloroplasts. Leaves from polyethylene glycol-treated plantlets, however, had smaller mesophyll cells, a more defined palisade layer, reduced intercellular pore space and the greatest number of chloroplasts. These results suggest that an osmoticum such as polyethylene glycol may be used to induce more normal leaf anatomy and reduced water loss in micropropagated Valiant grapes.Abbreviations BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- FAA
formalin-acetol-alcohol
- MS
Murashige & Skoog (1962) medium
- MW
molecular weight
- NAA
napthaleneacetic acid
- PEG
polyethylene glycol
- TBA
tertiary butyl alcohol 相似文献
7.
【目的】大肠杆菌的dcm基因编码的DNA甲基转移酶可以特异性地将5′CCWGG3′(W=A/T)序列中第二个胞嘧啶变成5-甲基胞嘧啶。Dcm甲基转移酶发现已有37年了,但其确切的功能不明,本篇主要研究其对变铅青链霉菌的影响。【方法】通过构建克隆、接合转移、异源表达及HPLC、酶切、Southern杂交等方法研究dcm基因的表达对变铅青链霉菌的多效性影响。【结果】首次发现变铅青链霉菌基因组中不含5-甲基胞嘧啶修饰,将dcm基因导入变铅青链霉菌后,接合子菌落比正常菌落小很多,并有放线紫红素产生。【结论】基因组的表观遗传修饰能激活沉默放线紫红素基因簇的表达这一现象,为基因组挖掘隐藏的活性天然产物提供了一条新途径。 相似文献
8.
Alain De Vocht 《Hydrobiologia》1991,227(1):291-298
The ultrastructural organization of the proboscis in Mesorhynchus terminostylis is distinctly different from that in other members of the Polycystididae in which it is currently classified. The sheath epithelium is formed by three belts, all with intra-epithelial nuclei. The apical belt of the bipartite cone epithelium has a single intrabulbar nucleus, and the basal belt possesses five insunk nucleiferous cell parts behind the bulb. Six types of glands surface through the epithelia; the three types emerging through the cone epithelium can be homologized with those described for Polycistis naegelii. Only uniciliary receptors are found in the epithelium. The musculature in the bulb has a very loose appearance, and the bulbar septum appears to be a bipartite basement membrane. The septum can be considered the basement membrane of the cone epithelium as if the contractile portion of the inner longitudinal muscles have invaded the epithelium and come to lie between the epithelial cells and the basement membrane. Thus the inner musculature of the bulb is entirely intraepithelial as is the case for Psammorhynchus tubulipenis and Cytocystis clitellatus. The systematic position of M. terminostylisremains uncertain but seems to lie between Psammorhynchus and Cytocystis on one hand and Koinocystididae and Polycystididae on the other. 相似文献
9.
Douglas P. Chivers Xiaoxia Zhao Grant E. Brown Tracy A. Marchant Maud C. O. Ferrari 《Evolutionary ecology》2008,22(4):561-574
In a series of experiments, we investigated the effects of food availability and risk frequency on the dynamics of predator-induced
changes in growth and morphology of prey fish using goldfish (Carassius auratus) as our test species. In experiment 1, we fed goldfish high or low food rations and exposed them to either alarm cues from
conspecifics, cues from swordtails or a water control. After 60 days, goldfish in the alarm cue treatment significantly increased
their body depth and body weight but had smaller body length than goldfish exposed to swordtails cues or water, likely reducing
their vulnerability to gape-limited predators. Importantly, food level had an impact on the amplitude of the morphological
changes. In experiment 2, goldfish were exposed to two different frequencies of predation cues or a water control for 50 days.
The cues were either continued or discontinued from day 51 to 100, and all cues were resumed from day 101 to 150. We found
that goldfish exposed to predation cues increased their depth and weight at a faster rate than did the goldfish exposed to
water, and of particular significance was the fact that frequency of risk had an effect on the amplitude of the change. When
the cues were interrupted, the increase in growth rate parameters was reduced to the level of the goldfish exposed to water.
However, when the cues were resumed, the rate increased to match the growth rate of the goldfish that were continuously exposed
to the cues. Finally, we staged encounters between goldfish of differing morphologies and yellow perch (Perca flavescens) and found that deep-bodied goldfish had better survival than the shallow-bodied ones. These experiments illustrate the dynamic
nature of inducible morphological defences. 相似文献
10.
Samuli Helama Matti Vartiainen Taneli Kolström Heli Peltola Jouko Meriläinen 《Vegetation History and Archaeobotany》2008,17(6):675-686
A collection of subfossil wood of Pinus sylvestris (Scots pine) was exposed to X-ray densitometry. The collection of 64 samples from the southern boreal forest zone was dendrochronologically
cross-dated to a.d. 673-1788. Growth characteristics were determined by performing density profiles including the following parameters: minimum
density, earlywood and latewood boundary density, maximum density, earlywood width, earlywood density, latewood width, latewood
density, annual ring width and annual ring density. Seven out of the nine parameters were found to contain non-climatic growth
trends and six were found to be heteroscedastic in their variance. Tree-specific records were indexed, to remove the non-climatic
growth trends and stabilize the variance, and combined into nine parameter-specific tree-ring chronologies. Growth characteristics
of the pines changed in parallel with the generally agreed climatic cooling from the Medieval Warm Period to the Little Ice
Age: pine tree-rings showed decreasing maximum densities from the period a.d. 975-1150 to a.d. 1450–1625. A concomitant change in the intra-annual growth characteristics was detected between these periods. The findings
indicate that not only the trees growing near the species’ distributional limits are sensitive to large-scale climatic variations
but also the trees growing in habitats remote from the timberline have noticeably responded to past climate changes. 相似文献