青海省15岁以下儿童麻疹疫苗强化免疫分析

实验中对麻疹疫苗强化免疫前、后的现场进行了调查、评估并对麻疹监测系统和传染病报告系统的疫情资料进行了分析。结果表明,这次强化免疫接种儿童1100315人,报告接种率和调查接种率均>95%;接种后麻疹发病人数明显减少,发病率仅为0.66/10万,较强化免疫前发病率9.15/10万下降了82.51%,约有1/3不良反应者确诊为风疹;2006年7月—2007年6月麻疹监测系统数据显示,目前88%的麻疹病例发生在8月龄~14岁,约有32%病例为无免疫史或免疫史不详。高质量MV强化免疫能迅速降低麻疹发病,因此强化免疫接种人群的确定必须结合当地流行病学监测资料并尽可能在较大范围内开展,以形成有效的人群免疫屏障来阻断麻疹病毒的传播。保证>95%接种率是该次强化免疫活动的前提,同时须作好充分准备以应对可能发生预防接种时出现的不良反应。建议在提高常规免疫服务质量的情况下,每3~4年仍需开展后续强化免疫。     

Increased demand for NAD+ relative to ATP drives aerobic glycolysis

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Validation of the first step of the heuristic refinement method for the derivation of solution structures of proteins from NMR data

A new method for the analysis of NMR data in terms of the solution structure of proteins has been developed. The method consists of two steps: first a systematic search of the conformational space to define the region allowed by the initial set of experimental constraints, and second, the narrowing of this region by the introduction of additional constraints and optional refinement procedures. The search of the conformational space is guided by heuristics to make it computationally feasible. The method is therefore called the heuristic refinement method and is coded in an expert system called PROTEAN. The paper describes the validation of the first step of the method using an artificial NMR data set generated from the known crystal structure of sperm whale carbon monoxymyoglobin. It is shown that the initial search procedure yields a low-resolution structure of the myoglobin molecule, accurately reproducing its main topological features, and that the precision of the structure depends on the quality of the initial data set.     

Seasonality in the altitude–diversity pattern of Alpine moths

Altitudinal gradients are frequently used to study environmental effects on species diversity. Recent quantitative studies on Lepidoptera focussed on tropical mountain systems and often reported unimodal diversity peaks at “mid-elevations”;, a pattern also often found in other taxa. Here we used methodologically comparable, nocturnal Macrolepidoptera samples from the Swiss Alps to analyze environmental correlates of diversity. Using seasonal data (monthly samples from April to November at altitudes between 600 and 2400 m a.s.l.) allowed to decouple altitude and some climate variables for analyses. We found that the altitude–diversity pattern changes with season. In spring and autumn, diversity decreased with increasing altitude, while we found a unimodal peak of diversity at mid-elevations during summer. This excluded all hypothetical causes of diversity variation that do not allow for seasonality. Temperature was an important correlate of diversity, whereas precipitation was not. These results were separately corroborated for the two most common families (Noctuidae and Geometridae). However, diversity patterns of the two families were not particularly close, and unexplained variance of climatic explanations was substantial in all cases. The patterns of faunal overlap did not explain the unimodal diversity pattern, and we claim that we lack a generally valid explanation for this common phenomenon.     

不同手术方式治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎对上颌窦黏膜纤毛传输功能的影响

目的:比较不同手术方式治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的疗效及其对上颌窦黏膜纤毛传输功能的影响,为临床制定治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的优选术式提供参考依据。方法:选取2013年9月-2014年12月于本院耳鼻咽喉科就诊的160例确诊为慢性鼻-鼻窦炎的患者作为研究对象,将其随机分为4组,分别为治疗组1~4,每组各60例。治疗组1接受上颌窦自然开口扩大术,治疗组2接受上颌窦开窗术,治疗组3接受经泪前隐窝上颌窦开放术,治疗组4接受上颌窦口球囊扩张术。观察和比较4组患者的术后鼻腔黏膜的覆盖、水肿、囊泡形成、骨质暴露、瘢痕形成等情况,上颌窦窦腔内分泌物性状、蓄积情况以及术后3个月和6个月时行上颌窦腔糖精实验及窦口周黏膜活检情况。结果:四组手术后均取得较好临床疗效,而组4的临床总有效率显著高于其他三组(均P0.05)。术后3、6个月,组4Lund-Kennedy评分和MMT时间均明显低于其他三组(均P0.05);在上颌窦黏膜活检方面:术后炎性细胞数量及状细胞和黏膜下腺体细胞形态及黏膜下结构水肿改善程度亦在中组四最为显著(P0.05)。结论:上颌窦窦球囊扩张术治疗慢性鼻-鼻窦炎疗效较高,可有效改善状细胞和黏膜下腺体细胞形态及鼻窦黏膜水肿、窦口通畅引流等作用,且安全性高。     

Yield-forming effect of sandovit on field bean and its influence on the degree of damage to seeds by bruchus rufimanus

The paper presents the yield-forming effect of Sandovit on field bean. The field experiments, carried out in the experimental field of the Regional Experimental Centre in Boguchwala near Rzeszów, showed the significant effect this product has on accelerating the growth of plants and their yield. A significant difference was proved between the experimental object and the control one regarding the number of pods set on a plant and filling them with seeds. The result was an increase in the seed crop by 22.3% in relation to the control object. The effect of Sandovit on decreasing the degree of damage to the field bean seeds was also proved.     

Response ofSetaria italica to inoculation withAzospirillum brasilense as compared toAzotobacter chroococcum

Summary Under controlled conditions in pots filled with sand, vermiculite and field soil, inoculation withA. brasilense-Cd ATCC 29729 or withAzotobacter chroococcum caused increases above controls in the weight and N content of panicles ofSetaria italica. In no case, however, did N increases in test plants exceed the initial total N content. High acetylene reduction activities (1,000–2,000 nmole/h/pot) could be found only in plants inoculated withAzospirillum. Inoculation withAzospirillum (strain-Cd) in the field caused a significant increase above noninoculated controls of 18.5% in shoot dry weight, ofSetaria italica. Azotobacter caused a non significant increase of 8%. No significant differences were found between yields ofSetaria italica grown in soil inoculated withA. chroococcum, and those of plants grown in the presence ofA. vinelandii. A. brasilense-Cd was more effective in the field thanA. brasilense Sp-7 ATCC 29145. The results suggest that Azospirillum may increase yields ofS. italica more efficiently than Azotobacter under local field conditions.     

Light inactivation of transaldolase in pea leaf chloroplasts

Transaldolase is inactivated when intact pea leaf chloroplasts are irradiated. This light inactivation is 3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethyl urea, arsenite and sulfite-sensitive, implicating the Light Effect Mediator system in light inactivation of this oxidative pentose phosphate pathway enzyme.     

奥美拉唑不同给药方式治疗新生儿应激性溃疡的效果分析

目的:探讨奥美拉唑不同给药方式治疗新生儿应激性溃疡的临床效果及安全性。方法:选取2014年1月～2018年6月我院收治的应激性溃疡新生儿61例,根据随机数字表法分为两组,对照组患儿给予奥美拉唑0.6 mg/kg胃管注入治疗,观察组患儿给予奥美拉唑2 mg/kg持续24 h微泵静脉滴注。比较两组患儿的临床治疗效果、临床症状缓解时间、止血时间、胃肠喂养开始时间、p H值和不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,两组患儿的临床总有效率比较无统计学差异(P0.05);观察组患儿临床症状消失时间和止血时间均显著短于对照组(P0.05),喂养开始时间≤24 h的患儿比例高于对照组,喂养开始时间≥72 h的患儿比例显著低于对照组(P0.05),pH值显著高于对照组(P0.05)。两组患儿治疗期间均未发生恶心、呕吐、便秘、皮疹等不良反应,且肝肾功能未受明显影响。结论:2 mg/kg奥美拉唑持续24 h微泵静脉滴注与0.6 mg/kg胃管注入治疗的临床总有效率相当,但微泵静脉滴注可显著提高患儿的pH值,缩短临床症状恢复时间、止血时间和胃肠喂养开始时间,且安全性高。