药用植物华重楼(黑药花科)叶绿体全基因组研究

为探究华重楼(Paris polyphylla var. chinensis)的叶绿体基因组特征,利用叶绿体系统发育基因组学方法,对华重楼与其它百合目植物的叶绿体全基因组进行了比较。结果表明,华重楼的叶绿体全基因组长158307 bp,由4个区组成,包括2个反向重复区(IRA和IRB,27473 bp)、1个小单拷贝区(SSC,18175 bp)和1个大单拷贝区(LSC,85187 bp)。其叶绿体基因组有115个基因,包括81个编码蛋白质基因、30个转运RNA基因和4 个核糖体RNA基因。11种百合目植物的叶绿体全基因组的基因组成和基因顺序相似。华重楼的cemA基因是假基因,其起始密码子后有多聚核苷酸poly(A)及CA双核苷酸重复序列,编码序列中出现多个终止密码子, 且与北重楼(Paris verticillata)的cemA编码序列中的终止密码子位置不同。因此,华重楼叶绿体基因组比较保守;cemA结构及假基因化现象可能具有重要的进化与系统发育信息,其编码序列中的终止密码子可以区分华重楼和北重楼。     

Life cycle separates Puccinia pachycephala from P. metanarthecii

Puccinia metanarthecii and P. pachycephala differed in their heteroecious life cycle. The former rust fungus formed spermogonial/aecial stages on Ixeris dentata and uredinial/telial stages on Metanarthecium luteo-viride or Aletris foliata. The latter formed spermogonial/aecial stages on Ligularia hodgsonii and uredinial/telial stages on Veratrum maackii var. longibracteatum and V. maackii var. parviflorum. Puccinia pachycephala and P. metanarthecii can also be differentiated by aeciospore and teliospore morphology.     

Veratrum album and V. nigrum (Melanthiaceae) in Italy: Micromorphology and systematics

ABSTRACT

Floral anatomy and pollen morphology of the two European species of Veratrum (V. nigrum and V. album subsp. lobelianum) from Italy are described in the context of the systematics of the genus and tribe Melanthieae (Melanthiaceae sensu stricto). Septal nectaries are absent, as in other Liliales. Most characters in Veratrum are typical of Melanthieae: e.g. semi-inferior ovaries, fused carpellary bundles and operculate pollen.     

Steroidal saponins from the roots of Trillium erectum (Beth root)

Eleven steroidal saponins including three previously unreported saponins 1-3, two known ecdysteroids and one fatty acid, have been isolated from the roots of Trillium erectum (Beth root) by RP-HPLC and characterized by spectroscopic (1D and 2D NMR experiments) and spectrometric (LCMS) methods.     

A Phylogenetic Analysis of the Plastid matK Gene with Emphasis on Melanthiaceae sensu lato

Abstract: The presented mat K tree primarily agrees well with the previously presented rbc L tree and combined rbc L + atp B + 18SrDNA tree. According to the mat K tree, the monocotyledons are monophyletic with 100 % bootstrap support. Acorus diverges first from all other monocotyledons (90 % bootstrap support) in which two major clades are recognized: one (89 %) consisting of Alismatanae and Tofieldia (Nartheciaceae), and the other (< 50 %) comprising Lilianae, Commelinanae and Nartheciaceae other than Tofieldia. Within the latter major clade, Petrosavia and Japonolirion (Nartheciaceae) (82 %) diverge first from the remaining taxa (< 50 %) in which two clades are formed: one (81 %) consisting of Pandanales, Dioscoreales and Nartheciaceae-Narthecioideae, and the other (< 50 %) comprising Liliales, Asparagales and Commelinanae. In the former clade, Dioscoreales and Narthecioideae are grouped together (88 %). In the latter clade, Asparagales and Commelinanae are grouped together (< 50 %). Differences between the mat K and rbc L tree topologies appear in the positions of Tricyrtis (Calochortaceae) and Dracaenaceae. Differences between the mat K and combined rbc L + atp B + 18SrDNA tree topologies exist in the positions of the Petrosavia-Japonolirion pair (Nartheciaceae) and Pandanales. The stop codon position of the mat K gene appears to be highly variable among the monocotyledons, especially in the Liliales.     

Chamaelirium shimentaiense (Melanthiaceae), a new species from Guangdong,China

Chamaelirium shimentaiense (Melanthiaceae), a new species from Shimentai Nature Reserve, Guangdong Province, China is described. This species is similar to C. shiwandashanense and C. viridiflorum in having actinomorphic flowers with six tepals and unilocular anthers, but is easily distinguished from them by its strongly undulate leaf blades with crispulate margins and inconspicuous venation, purplish tepals with a slightly broadened and obtuse apex, and purple-tinged filaments. The infrageneric assignment of this species is discussed and a color plate is provided.     

The largest eukaryotic genome of them all?

We report the largest eukaryotic genome to date in the monocot Paris japonica (Melanthiaceae, 1C = 152.23 pg), measured using flow cytometry. This value is 15% larger than any previous estimate and extends the range of genome sizes to c. 2400‐fold across angiosperms and c. 66 000‐fold across eukaryotes. © 2010 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2010, 164 , 10–15.