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1.
Different laboratory cultures of the acarine tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1888) (Ixodida: Ixodidae) were infested by small Megaselia scalaris (Loew, 1866) (Diptera: Phoridae) flies. Larvae of this species exhibited opportunistic parasitism predominantly on engorged female ticks, causing severe damage to their cuticle through which the flies were able to reach R. microplus internal organs, on which they fed until developing into pupae in the tick's remains. The flies were kept by continuous propagation on fresh ticks over six generations during which the same parasitoid behaviour was observed. Here we report on an ixodid tick laboratory culture used for rearing M. scalaris.  相似文献   
2.
记述异蚤蝇属1新种:双鬃异蚤蝇Megaselia bisetalis sp.nov..模式标本存放于沈阳大学生物与环境工程学院.双鬃异蚤蝇,新种Megaselia bisetalis sp.nov.(图1~3)雄性额红褐至黑褐;额宽稍大于侧高;密布细毛;纵沟明显.触角上鬃4根,不等.前额间鬃几与触角上鬃同高.后额间鬃略低于后额框鬃,4根鬃等距排列.颊鬃2根,侧颜鬃5根.触角第3节黄褐色,端部褐;球形;芒具微毛.下颚须浅黄,具较长鬃.胸黄褐色,侧板略浅;小盾片 鬃1对,短毛1对;中侧片光裸.腹部腹面黄色;背板大部分黄褐色,尾器黑褐,生殖背板两侧各具长鬃1根.肛管黄色,端毛粗大.翅长1.04~1.10mm,前缘脉指数0.41 mm,各段比3.75∶1.75∶1.00.平衡棒黄褐.足黄色,前足胫节具前背刺1列;基跗节细长.中足胫节栅毛列达端部1/4,后背纤毛6根.后足胫节栅毛列完整,后背纤毛10根,缺前背纤毛.体长1.2mm.雌性体长1.2~1.6 mm.翅长1.3~1.4mm.前缘脉指数0.43,平衡棒褐色.腹背板褐色,腹面黄色.正模♂,广东顶湖,1992-04-24,刘广纯、王敏采;副模3♂♂,5♀♀,采集记录同正模.词源:新种种名据其尾器特点而拟.  相似文献   
3.
The role of the chorion in the mechanism of respiration is examined for the egg of Megaselia imitatrix. An air layer in the chorion is not essential for respiration, and oxygen can be absorbed through a hydrophilic pathway in the chorion by diffusion from the surrounding water. A model based on the diffusion of oxygen through the surface layer of the water down to the depth of the egg is proposed and presented in detail.  相似文献   
4.
A new Megaselia species: Megaselia angustirostris Fang & Liu, sp. nov., is described and illustrated and two species of the genus, M. nigra (Meigen) and M. albicaudata (Wood), are reported for the first time from China. The type specimens are deposited in College of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Shenyang University.  相似文献   
5.
 To obtain a clearer understanding of the evolutionary transition between short- and long-germ modes of embryogenesis in insects, we studied the expression of two gap genes hunchback (hb) and Krüppel (Kr) as well as the pair-rule gene even-skipped (eve) in the dipteran Clogmia albipunctata (Nematocera, Psychodidae). This species has features of both short- and long-germ mode of embryogenesis. In Clogmia hb expression deviates from that known in Drosophila in two main respects: (1) it shows an extended dorsal domain that is linked to the large serosa anlage, and (2) it shows a terminal expression in the proctodeal region. These expression patterns are reminiscent of the hb expression pattern in the beetle Tribolium, which has a short germ mode of embryogenesis. Krüppel expression, on the other hand, was found to be rather similar to the Drosophila expression, both at early and late stages. eve expression starts with six stripes formed at blastoderm stage, while the seventh is only formed after the onset of gastrulation and germband extension. Surprisingly, no segmental secondary Eve stripes could be observed in Clogmia although such segmental stripes are known from higher dipterans, beetles and hymenopterans. We therefore also studied another nematoceran, Coboldia, to address this question and found that some segmental stripes form by intercalation as in Drosophila, although belatedly. Our results suggest that Clogmia embryogenesis, both with respect to morphological and molecular characteristics represents an intermediate between the long-germ mode known from higher dipterans such as Drosophila, and the short-germ mode found in more ancestral insects. Received: 24 August 1998 / Accepted: 29 October 1998  相似文献   
6.
The coffin fly, Megaselia scalaris, is a species of medical and forensic importance and is increasingly being used for the study of genetics. Postmortem interval can be estimated based on the life stage of M. scalaris recovered from corpses, therefore many studies have addressed the duration of each life stage. These studies demonstrate that embryogenesis completes significantly faster in M. scalaris than in the congener Megaselia abdita and faster even than the 24 h needed for Drosophila melanogaster embryogenesis. However, until now it has been unclear if this increased speed is achieved by reducing developmental time across all embryonic stages or by the acceleration of individual stages and processes. Here I use time-lapse imaging to create a staging scheme for M. scalaris embryogenesis. Comparison of stages between D. melanogaster and both Megaselia species reveals that heterochronic shifts, simultaneous morphogenetic movements and compression of individual stages all contribute to the rapid development of M. scalaris.  相似文献   
7.
应用扫描电镜对瘤胫厕蝇Fannia scalaris(Fabricius)成虫触角的外部形态结构及其感受器进行了观察和研究.结果表明,瘤胫厕蝇成虫触角上存在着2类感受器:毛形感受器和锥形感受器,其中毛形感受器数量最多,分为5种.对各种感受器的形态特点进行了描述.  相似文献   
8.
The first two cases of the occurrence of Megaselia abdita Schmitz (Diptera: Phoridae) in human corpses in Britain are reported and a further case of M. rufipes (Meigen). In all three cases the corpses experienced low temperatures.  相似文献   
9.
Experiments were conducted to examine the location of oviposition by the phorid fly Megaselia halterata (Wood) (Diptera: Phoridae) in uncased and cased compost. Clearly, a majority of the gravid females choose oviposition sites directly after entering the top layer of the compost. In uncased compost, 60% of all adults emerged from the top of four compost layers of equal thickness. When the compost was covered by a casing layer which was still uncolonized by Agaricus bisporus, oviposition was further concentrated in the top compost layer. In this situation, 91% of all adults emerged from the top compost layer whereas only 1.5% emerged from the casing. When the casing layer was colonized by mushroom mycelium, 45% of all adults emerged from the casing layer and 53% emerged from the top compost layer. Further concentration in the top compost layer and the casing layer occurred as a result of upward migration of larvae. When compost was cased after oviposition, up to 43% of all adults emerged from the casing layer. We concluded that in the control of phorid infestations with insect pathogenic nematodes, applications in uncased compost can be restricted to the upper compost layer. When compost and casing are filled simultaneously, nematode applications in the casing layer only could be considered.  相似文献   
10.
Abstract.  1. The nests of solitary, nest-provisioning wasps (Sphecidae and Crabronidae) are commonly attacked by brood parasites, including flies of the families Phoridae and Sarcophagidae. Larvae of the flies commonly kill the wasp offspring directly or starve it by consuming prey provided by the adult female wasps.
2. To determine whether brood parasitic flies can have a sublethal effect (i.e. reduced body size) on wasp offspring, nests of the wasp Isodontia mexicana were collected at two field sites in upstate New York, U.S.A. Nest diameter had no effect on the probability that a wasp cell would be inhabited by a brood parasite. Most offspring that developed in cells also containing phorids or sarcophagids managed to complete development and emerge as adults. Nevertheless, they had significantly smaller body size than conspecifics emerging from unparasitised cells in which the developing wasp did not have to compete for food (which in this species consists of tree crickets and katydids). Apparently, this is the first time that a sublethal effect of brood parasitism on offspring body size has been quantified for a solitary wasp species. Known effects of body size on the reproductive success of adult wasps suggest that sublethal consequences of the presence of brood parasites may have a significant effect on the fitness of adult I. mexicana .  相似文献   
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