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1.
杨玲娟  邹金梅  倪雪梅  曹梅  熊玮 《生物磁学》2013,(34):6676-6678
目的:比较经贵要静脉、肘正中静脉、头静脉三种不同途径进行PICC置管的成功率和置管术后机械性静脉炎的发生率,以寻找最佳置管途径。方法:对2010年-2012年入住我科的153例肿瘤患者PICC置管的成功率和置管术后机械性静脉炎的发生率,进行回顾性研究。结果:三种途径PICC置管成功率比较:贵要静脉〉肘正中静脉〉头静脉,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。三种途径PICC置管术后机械性静脉炎的发生率比较:贵要静脉〈肘正中静脉〈头静脉,差异有统计学意义(P〈0.05)。结论:PICC置管的途径应首选贵要静脉,次选肘正中静脉,最后选头静脉。  相似文献   
2.
Our purpose was to assess the effect of foot intrinsic muscle fatigue on pronation, as assessed with navicular drop, during static stance. Twenty-one healthy young adults participated. Navicular drop was measured before and after fatiguing exercise of the plantar foot intrinsic muscles. Surface electromyography of the abductor hallucis muscle was recorded during maximum voluntary isometric contractions (MVIC) in order to find the baseline median frequency (MedF). Subjects then performed sets of 75 repetitions of isotonic flexion contractions of the intrinsic foot muscles against a 4.55 kg weight on a custom pulley system. After each set an MVIC was performed to track shifts in MedF. After a MedF shift of at least 10%, navicular drop measurements were repeated. Subjects exhibited 10.0 ± 3.8 mm of navicular drop at baseline and 11.8 ± 3.8 mm after fatigue (p < 0.0005). The change in navicular drop was significantly correlated with change in MedF (r = .47, p = .03). The intrinsic foot muscles play a role in support of the medial longitudinal arch in static stance. Disrupting the function of these muscles through fatigue resulted in an increase in pronation as assessed by navicular drop.  相似文献   
3.
Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) has been shown to be a central mediator for most, if not all, stress-induced responses. Since stressful stimuli may decrease hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular and tuberohypophysial dopaminergic neuronal activities, we aimed to determine whether CRH is involved. Using central administration of various doses of ovine CRH (oCRH; 1, 3 and 10 µg/rat) into the lateral cerebroventricle of either male or female rats, the neurochemical changes in various parts of the central nervous system, including the hypothalamus, were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography at various times after the injection (30, 60, 120 and 240 min). The concentrations of 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and 3-methoxy-4-hydroxy-phenylethyleneglycol (MHPG), two major metabolites of dopamine and norepinephrine, respectively, in discrete brain regions were used as indices for catecholaminergic neuron activity. Plasma corticosterone levels increased significantly after all doses of oCRH and at all time points studied. oCRH also exerted significant stimulatory effects on noradrenergic neuron terminals in the frontal cortex, and on dopaminergic neuron terminals in the nucleus accumbens, hypothalamic paraventricular and periventricular nuclei, and intermediate pituitary lobe. Dopaminergic neuron terminals in the median eminence and the neural lobe of the pituitary, however, were not affected. There was no major difference in the responses between male and female rats. We conclude that CRH has a differential effect on central catecholaminergic neurons.  相似文献   
4.
Frias  J.  Puertas  A.  Ruiz  E.  Ortega  E. 《Neurochemical research》1997,22(2):171-174
We determined the dose-response relationship and examined the time-related effect of CRF (corticotropin releasing factor) injected directly into the Median Eminence (ME) on LH secretion in conscious intact and castrated male rats. Doses of 0.25, 0.75, 1, and 1.5 nmol CRF dissolved in 1 l of saline (or saline only in the controls) were injected into the ME and blood samples collected 30, 60, 90, and 120 min postinjection to determine by RIA serum LH. CRF at doses of 0.75, 1 and 1.5 nmol significantly decreased serum LH in castrated and intact animals. The lower dose of CRF did not decrease LH in the two groups studied. The results suggest that in males as in females, CRF inhibits by itself LH secretion, at least in part, by a central action in the ME; the inhibitory effect of CRF on LH is similar in castrated and intact males; the dose of 0.25 nmoles of CRF was ineffective in decreasing LH and finally that CRF at ME levels may participate in a variety of stress-related responses, including reproduction inhibition, through LH suppression.  相似文献   
5.
Summary The median eminence (ME) of the adult frog, Rana temporaria, was studied by means of electron microscopy including quantitative electron-microscopic autoradiography. In frogs captured in May and June numerous peptidergic neurosecretory fibres extending via the internal zone to the pars nervosa display large swellings containing few granules, mitochondria, neurotubules and cisternae of the smooth endoplasmic reticulum. In addition, few secretory globules up to 1.5 m in diameter occur in these varicosities. In animals collected during the autumn period many of these neurosecretory swellings filled with neurosecretory granules and polymorphic inclusions resemble Herring bodies. Three types of granule-containing neurosecretory fibres were observed in the external zone (EZ) of the ME of adult R. temporaria. Peptidergic A1- and A2-type fibres are characterized by granules 150–220 nm and 100–160 nm in diameter, respectively. Monoaminergic fibres of type B with granules approximately 100 nm in diameter represent 50% of all neurosecretory elements in the EZ of the frog ME; 12% of the total number of granule-bearing axons in the EZ actively taking up radiolabelled 5-hydroxytryptophan are thought to be serotoninergic terminals. Neurosecretory terminals of all types and glial vascular endfeet establish direct contacts with the perivascular space of the primary portal capillaries. Some neurosecretory terminals are separated from the lumen of the third ventricle by a thin cytoplasmic lamella of tanycytes. The possible physiological significance of this structural pattern is discussed.  相似文献   
6.
Summary The ultrastructural changes taking place in the median eminence of Bufo bufo 3 hours to 4 months after transection of the brain at different levels, are described.5 types of neurons in the zona externa of the median eminence of normal toads are described. All types of neurons degenerate, and profound changes of the ultrastructure of the capillaries are observed after transection just behind, or immediately in front of the optic chiasma. A few neurons containing dense granules with a diameter of about 1,000–1,300 Å remain intact, however. The degeneration following denervation in front of the optic chiasma was considerably delayed compared to degeneration after denervation behind the optic chiasma.After transection more rostral to the optic chiasma, no significant degeneration of the median eminence was observed.The results are discussed with regard to degenerative dynamics and origin of the different nerve types. It is concluded, that all types of neurons terminating in the median eminence, originate at a level between the caudal and rostral parts of the preoptic nucleus, some fibres, however, containing dense, 1,000–1,300 Å granules, originate caudally to the optic chiasma, in the posterior hypothalamus.Part of this study was presented at the Vth International Symposium on Neurosecretion, Kiel, Germany, August 1969.  相似文献   
7.
Summary A quantitative evaluation has been made of the sizes of neuronal granular vesicles (GV) in different (sub-)zones of the rat median eminence. On the basis of the frequency distribution of the mean sizes of the GV in the individual nerve profiles, at least 4 tentative categories of nerve profiles may be distinguished. However, available data do not permit characterization of nerve fibre categories in terms of neurohormone and/or neurotransmitter storage. From dorsal to ventral the palisade zone shows a decrease in mean size of GV; furthermore, the relative number of nerve profiles characterized by small GV (mean size smaller than 112 nm) increases. In contrast, the GV in the zona granulosa, that part of the external zone of the median eminence ventral to the palisade zone, are of relatively large size. Qualitative observations indicate that the zona granulosa may be regarded as an area for both storage and release of biologically active substances. We are grateful to Mrs. R.M.Y. Hartsteen for technical assistance, to Miss P.C. Delfos and Mr. W. van den Oudenalder for photographic assistance and to Prof. J. Moll for helpful criticism.  相似文献   
8.
Summary Nerve fibres containing granular vesicles first appear in the median eminence of the rat on the 16th foetal day while secretory granules in the cells of the adenohypophysis are not present till the 17th foetal day. These observations suggest that the differentiation and early activity of pars distalis cells may depend on substances elaborated at nerve terminals in the median eminence. Although the loops of the primary plexus of portal vessels do not develop until the 4th postnatal day, substances released by nerve fibres in the neurohypophysis could reach the pars distalis through vessels already present at the 15th foetal day in the mesenchyme between the diencephalon and the adenohypophysis. This view is supported by the fact that the earliest cells to exhibit ultrastructural evidence of secretory activity are in the rostral pole of the pars distalis, the first region of the gland to become vascularized. The earliest granules to appear in the cells of the pars distalis correspond to those which are considered to contain mucoprotein hormones; somatotrophin type granules were seen only in postnatal tissues.The finding that, in the median eminence, the development of granular vesicles precedes that of agranular vesicles is discussed with reference to the times at which neurosecretory materials and monoamines become detectable in the region.We should like to thank Miss Ann Pearson, Mr. D. Burns, and Mr. J. Nailon for their technical assistance, and Mr. J. Simmons, F.R.P.S., for his help in the preparation of illustrations. This work was supported by grants from the National Health and Medical Research Council of Australia.  相似文献   
9.
Summary 1. The effects of TSH and PTU treatment with thyroid stimulating hormone and propylthiouracil on the structure of median eminence of the pigeon have been studied by light- and electron microscopy.2. By light microscopy it has been found that the aldehydefuchsin positive material of the external layers of the anterior median eminence differs functionally from that of the neural lobe.3. The light- and electron microscopic investigations revealed that the anterior and posterior median eminence differ both structurally and functionally. Specifically after the experimental interventions the considerable reaction can be observed only in the anterior median eminence.4. Electron microscopically it appears possible that the aldehyde-fuchsin positive material of the anterior median eminence may be associated with the 1200–1500 Å—size granules.5. The quantitative changes observed in the granular composition after the treatments show a close correlation with thyroid function, namely after treatment with thyroid stimulating hormone the relative quantity of the 1200–1500 Å—size granules increases markedly, while administration of propylthiouracil has the opposite effect and increases the relative quantity of the 1000 Å—size dense-core vesicles. They presumably may play a role in the control of TSH-secretion.Abbreviations TSH thyroide stimulating hormone - PTU propylthiouracil - ME median eminence - AME anterior median eminence - PME posterior median eminence - AF+ aldehyde-fuchsin positive - AF– aldehyde-fuchsin negative  相似文献   
10.
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