Influence of the temperature regime on the composition of the macrozoobenthos community in a thermal brook in Serbia

In contrast to cold and eurythermal waters, benthic communities of warm brooks in temperate regions have been inadequately studied. In order to investigate the effects of water thermal regime on the benthic communities of warm waters and their relationships with those of cold and eurythermic ones, the macrozoobenthos was studied at eight sites in the Toplica River, and at four sites in its tributary, the Termalni brook. Investigations were carried out seasonally from April 2000 to January 2001. Warm waters of the Termalni brook were characterized by specific macrozoobenthos assemblages that exhibited significant differences to the populations of eurythermal and cold waters of the Toplica River. The dominant taxa in the macrozoobenthos community of warm waters were mainly Gastropoda species. Moreover, benthic communities of warm waters were characterized by lower diversity and greater biomass in comparison with those of cold and eurythermal waters. The gradient of average annual temperatures represented the main ecological factor influencing changes of diversity and biomass along the course of the investigated Termalni brook. Inflow of warm waters at site T₆ lead to a decrease in macrozoobenthos abundance and changes in qualitative and quantitative composition of the benthocoenosis of a highland stream, but did not significantly alter diversity.     

胜利河连续系统中蜉蝣优势种的生产量动态和营养基础

大型底栖动物在河流生态系统中发挥着重要作用, 2009 年3月至2010 年3月间对长江中游支流巴河流域的胜利河大型底栖动物群落优势种类的生产力进行为期1 周年的调查研究, 结果表明, 主要蜉蝣优势种扁蜉、等蜉和红斑蜉的生活史为3代/年、3代/年和 2代/年。现存量呈现出1-3级河流增加,而4级又较3级有所下降的趋势。采用龄期频率法( instar-frequency method) 测算的平均周年生产量分别为扁蜉, 200.13 g/(m².a) , P/B 为23.69; 等蜉, 82.06 g/(m².a), P/B 为18.12;红斑蜉, 12.30 g/(m².a), P/B 为8.78。三种蜉蝣的生产量动态在时间上与现存量动态较一致,但彼此各不相同。扁蜉的日均产量于2009年3月在二级河流中达到最大(363.56 mg/m².d),等蜉于2010年3月在三级河流中到达最大(282.76 mg/m².d),而红斑蜉于2009年3月在一级河流中到达最大(33.36 mg/m².d)。生产量的营养基础分析结果表明,扁蜉前肠内含物中无形态碎屑、动物组织、植物纤维、丝状藻类、硅藻所占平均比例为74.37%,4.19%,17.11%,4.29%,0.04%,对生产量的贡献率分别为77.15%,11.27%,6.57%,4.95% ,0.04%;等蜉前肠内含物中无形态碎屑、动物组织、植物纤维、真菌、丝状藻类和硅藻所占平均比例为65.64%,6.17%,23.04%,0.54%,4.53%,对生产量的贡献率分别为: 68.16%,16.61%,8.86%,1.03%,5.23%,0.09%,0.10%;红斑蜉前肠内含物中,无形态碎屑、动物组织、植物纤维、真菌、丝状藻类和硅藻所占平均比例为41.14%,5.96%,38.04%,1.34%,11.21%,2.31%,对生产量的贡献率分别为46.67%,17.52%,15.98%,2.81%,14.13%,2.91%。这与我们在黑竹冲和叹气沟的研究结果存在一定差异,可能与这些溪流自身环境和地区分布有关。     

Rating species sensitivity throughout gradient systems – a consistent approach for the Baltic Sea

Evaluating the state of benthic communities has played an important role in water quality assessments. Indices incorporating species sensitivities, richness and densities are commonly applied. In Europe, the importance of benthic indices has increased in the last years with the implementation of the European Marine Strategy Framework Directive (MSFD) which at the same time demands the applicability of an index across regional scales. To date, environmental variability is rarely considered in benthic indices and most sensitivity rankings have the disadvantages of static values (i.e. the same value in all areas), expert judgement and a limited geographical range.This study presents species sensitivity values calculated along environmental gradients for the Baltic Sea. Sensitivities were calculated according to the procedure of the Benthic Quality Index (BQI). We created a matrix of subregions, classes of salinity, depth and gear to identify comparable subsets for data analysis. Altogether, 19 subsets were defined within the Baltic Sea basins. Sensitivity values were calculated for 329 species out of a total of 678 species that were recorded in this study. Sensitivity values of taxa vary between subsets as it was expected for different environmental conditions. Most sensitivity values can be assigned to species occurring in euhaline and polyhaline waters. Distribution of species with high and low sensitivity values differed along the salinity gradient. In euhaline waters more species with high sensitivity values occurred than species with low sensitivity values, while in mesohaline waters the ratio of high and low sensitivity values among species was almost equal. In oligohaline waters more species with lower sensitivity values were present.For the first time, sensitivity values were calculated for a large number of species using the same method for the entire Baltic Sea. This results in a Baltic-wide comprehensive set of sensitivity values based on a dataset across subregional borders, and divided along environmental gradients and gear type. The same principles can be applied to transient waters from rivers to coastal lagoons as well as to other environments with gradients of, e.g. hydrodynamic characteristics. Publicly available sensitivity values will increase transparency and support the improvement of state assessments under the MSFD.     

黑竹冲河小裳蜉(Leptophlebia sp.)和蜉蝣(Ephemera sp.)周年生产量

大型底栖动物在河流生态系统中发挥着重要作用。2003年6月至2004年6月间对汉江流域2级河流——黑竹冲河大型底栖动物群落优势种类的生产力进行了为期一周年的调查研究。结果表明,主要优势种小裳蜉(Leptophlebiasp.)和蜉蝣(Ephemerasp.)的生活史均为一年两代,蜉蝣的两个代之间界限比较明显;小裳蜉成虫羽化主要发生在秋季和冬季,而蜉蝣成虫羽化主要发生在夏季和冬季。小裳蜉和蜉蝣种群的生物量和多度均出现两次峰值。采用体长频率法(size-frequencymethod)测算的周年生产量分别为:小裳蜉,38.0362g·m-2·a-1,P/B为11.4;蜉蝣,76.0318g·m-2·a-1,P/B为11.8。     

Macrozoobenthic community structure in a poikilohaline Mediterranean lagoon (Laki Lagoon, northern Aegean)

The community structure of the macrobenthic fauna was studied in the overall area of Laki Lagoon in September 1997 (salinity 32–35 psu) and monthly from February 1998 to February 1999 in the innermost part of the lagoon (salinity 0.1–6.8 psu). Community structure was analyzed by means of uni- and multivariate methods. In September 1997, the macrofauna in the outer part of the lagoon was characterized by a higher diversity and the occurrence of both lagoonal and marine species, and in the innermost part by a higher total abundance and the occurrence of a few lagoonal species. The combination of distance from the sea, depth, salinity and sediment organic matter correlated best with the spatial distribution pattern of the macrobenthic fauna. Community structure in the innermost part of the lagoon showed a seasonal periodicity. Species composition during spring 1998, at 0.1–2.0 psu, was similar to that in September 1997. During summer the macrobenthic fauna became impoverished, but recovered from late summer onwards. The salinity increase during summer (up to 5–7 psu) was followed by the appearance of marine species in the innermost part of the lagoon. Total abundance displayed a peak in late spring and a lower one in mid-autumn. The seasonal dynamics of the faunal assemblage was mainly governed by water temperature. Predation pressure by Atherina boyeri may have contributed to quantitative community changes during autumn.     

Habitat engineering by the invasive zebra mussel <Emphasis Type="Italic">Dreissena polymorpha</Emphasis> (Pallas) in a boreal coastal lagoon: impact on biodiversity

Habitat engineering role of the invasive zebra mussel Dreissena polymorpha (Pallas) was studied in the Curonian lagoon, a shallow water body in the SE Baltic. Impacts of live zebra mussel clumps and its shell deposits on benthic biodiversity were differentiated and referred to unmodified (bare) sediments. Zebra mussel bed was distinguished from other habitat types by higher benthic invertebrate biomass, abundance, and species richness. The impact of live mussels on biodiversity was more pronounced than the effect of shell deposits. The structure of macrofaunal community in the habitats with >10³ g/m² of shell deposits devoid of live mussels was similar to that found within the zebra mussel bed. There was a continuous shift in species composition and abundance along the gradient ‘bare sediments—shell deposits—zebra mussel bed’. The engineering impact of zebra mussel on the benthic community became apparent both in individual patches and landscape-level analyses.     

梁塘河大型底栖动物群落及其水质生物学评价

正梁塘河是联系京杭运河与五里湖、蠡湖新城与太湖新城的一条天然纽带,也是无锡市城市总体规划确定的老城和新城之间的一条主要的绿色开敞空间,其流域生态品质的好坏,对太湖和大运河产生较大影响。近50年的环境监     

Assessing species richness of macrofauna associated with macroalgae in Arctic kelp forests (Hornsund,Svalbard)

Kelp beds support diverse and productive benthic coastal ecosystems and are often perceived as cold water analogs of tropical coral reefs, yet the levels of species richness in polar regions have remained largely unexplored. The present study aims to assess the magnitude of macrozoobenthic species richness associated with the macroalgae in an Arctic kelp forest. The study was conducted in Hornsund, a high latitude Arctic fjord off west Spitsbergen (76–77°N). A total of 403 samples (i.e., individual algae) were collected by scuba divers at three sites located along the fjord axis at varying depths (5–10 m). The most common invertebrate species and the sample species richness (mean 11.5 species per sample) were consistent among the most common algal species (Laminaria digitata, Saccharina latissima, Alaria esculenta, Desmarestia aculeta, Odonthalia dentata, Phycodrys rubens). Fauna associated with overstory kelps was concentrated on the holdfasts. A total of 208 species were identified; Bryozoa, Polychaeta and Hydrozoa yielded the highest numbers of species (70, 52 and 37, respectively). The non-parametric Chao2 estimator of true species richness gave an estimate of 259 species (with 95% confidence intervals from 234 to 308). Despite the high sampling effort, the total species richness was not captured. This may stem from the high level of rarity within the fauna associated with kelps; 38% of the species occurred only in one or two samples. The studied fauna was much less diverse than similar assemblages surveyed at lower latitudes. The high numbers of species and the common occurrence of colonial forms (Bryozoa, Hydrozoa) in the current study show that these taxa cannot be omitted in macrobenthic diversity surveys performed within kelp habitats.     

宁波大榭开发区北岸潮间带春季大型底栖动物群落格局

为了解宁波大榭岛潮间带春季大型底栖动物群落结构与数量分布,探讨自然环境因子和人类活动对潮间带大型底栖动物种类组成及数量分布的影响,于2006年4月对大榭岛北岸岩礁相和泥沙相两种不同底质的潮间带大型底栖动物进行采样分析.研究表明:(1)岩礁相断面和泥沙相断面共发现大型底栖动物39种,其中贝类20种,多毛类8种,甲壳类8种;(2)岩礁相断面19种,主要以贝类生物为主,达16种,甲壳类只有2种;泥沙相断面20种,贝类、多毛类和甲壳类分布较为均匀,分别为4种、6种和8种;(3)岩礁相断面和泥沙相断面平均栖息密度分别为583.33 ind/m2和32 ind/m2,平均生物量分别为638.56 g/m2和7.83 g/m2,岩礁相断面栖息密度和生物量均远高于泥沙相断面;(4)岩礁相断面大型底栖动物群落垂直变化较泥沙相断面显著.     

汉江流域黑竹冲河部分优势大型底栖动物的周年生产量

大型底栖动物在河流生态系统中发挥着重要作用,2003年6月至2004年6月间对汉江流域2级河流——黑竹冲河大型底栖动物群落优势种类的生产力进行为期一周年的调查研究,结果表明,主要优势种纹石蛾（Hydropsyche sp.）、扁蜉（Ecdyrus sp.）和细蜉（Caenissp.）生活史均为一年两代,河蚬（Corbicula fluminea）基本为三年一代。纹石蛾种群现存量在1月达到峰值,河蚬种群多度在3月、6—9月保持较高水平,生物量在10月达到峰值,而扁蜉种群的生物量和多度分别在4月和6月达到峰值,细蜉的生物量和多度则分别2月和6月达到峰值。采用龄期频率分布法（size-frequency method）测算的周年生产量（湿重或带壳湿重）和P/B系数分别为：纹石蛾,267.464g/m^2.a,P/B为9.8;河蚬,783.1g/m^2.a,P/B系数为2.3;扁蜉,267.46g/m^2.a,P/B为15.4;细蜉,53.60g/m^2.a,P/B为9.4。