Cross-linking of DNA in liver and testes of rats fed 1,3-propanediol

1,3-Propanediol (PAD) was fed to rats for 15 weeks, and its effects on hepatic and testicular DNA were studied. The control rats were fed a casein-based diet that contained 10% tocopherol-stripped corn oil with 30 IU of d,l-α-tocopherol acetate/kg; the experimental rats were fed the same diet with 500 ppm of PAD. Homogenates prepared from the livers of each group of rats converted 1,3-propanediol to malondialdehyde (MDA) with equal efficacy, but homogenates of testes did not catalyze this conversion. After 10–15 weeks of feeding the diets, the hepatic DNA of the rats fed PAD had less template activity, more bound tryptophan and more DNA-protein and interstrand DNA cross-links than that of the control rats. As measured by template activity and bound tryptophan, testicular DNA of the experimental rats was not different from that of the control rats; however, there was slightly more cross-linking in the testicular DNA of experimental rats than in that of control rats. Testes of the experimental rats contained more lipid-soluble fluorophores than did those of the control rats. The results are consistent with the conclusion that PAD was converted to MDA in vivo and that MDA is the reactive species that caused the observed biological damage.     

The Growth,physiological and biochemical response of foxtail millet to atrazine herbicide

Foxtail millet (Pennisetum glaucum L.) is a vital crop that is planted as food and fodder crop around the globe. There is only limited information is present for abiotic stresses on the physiological responses to atrazine. A field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different atrazine dosages on the growth, fluorescence and physiological parameters i.e., malonaldehyde (MDA) and reactive oxygen species (ROS) (H₂O₂ and O₂) in the leaves to know the extent of atrazine on oxidative damage of foxtail millet. Our experiment consisted of 0, 2.5, 12.5, 22.5 and 32.5 (mg/kg) of labeled atrazine doses on 2 foxtaill millet varieties. High doses of atrazine significantly enhanced ROS and MDA synthesis in the plant leaves. Enzymes activities like ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and peroxidase (POD) activities enhanced, while catalase (CAD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities reduced with increasing atrazine concentrations. Finally atrazine doses at 32.5 mg/kg reduced chlorophyll contents, while chlorophyll (a/b) ratio also enhanced. Biomass, plant height, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters, minimal and maximal fluorescence (Fo, Fm), maximum and actual quantum yield, photochemical quenching coefficient, and electron transport rate are decreased with increasing atrazine doses.     

Vitamins,stress and growth: the availability of antioxidants in early life influences the expression of cryptic genetic variation

Environmental inputs during early development can shape the expression of phenotypes, which has long‐lasting consequences in physiology and life history of an organism. Here, we study whether experimentally manipulated availability of dietary antioxidants, vitamins C and E, influences the expression of genetic variance for antioxidant defence, endocrine signal and body mass in yellow‐legged gull chicks using quantitative genetic models based on full siblings. Our experimental study in a natural population reveals that the expression of genetic variance in total antioxidant capacity in plasma increased in chicks supplemented with vitamins C and E despite the negligible effects on the average phenotype. This suggests that individuals differ in their ability to capture and transport dietary antioxidants or to respond to these extra resources, and importantly, this ability has a genetic basis. Corticosterone level in plasma and body mass were negatively correlated at the phenotypic level. Significant genetic variance of corticosterone level appeared only in control chicks nonsupplemented with vitamins, suggesting that the genetic variation of endocrine system, which transmits environmental cues to adaptively control chick development, appeared in stressful conditions (i.e. poor antioxidant availability). Therefore, environmental inputs may shape evolutionary trajectories of antioxidant capacity and endocrine system by affecting the expression of cryptic genetic variation.     

Structural analysis of RIG-I-like receptors reveals ancient rules of engagement between diverse RNA helicases and TRIM ubiquitin ligases

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血卟啉单甲醚介导的声动力疗法对牙龈卟啉单胞菌生物膜中丙二醛含量的影响

目的:探讨血卟啉单甲醚(hematoporphyrin monomethyl ether,HMME)介导的声动力疗法(sonodynamic therapy,SDT)对牙龈卟啉单胞菌(Porphyromonas gingivalis,Pg)生物膜中脂质过氧化物丙二醛(malondialdehyde,MDA)含量的影响。方法:羟基磷灰石片培养Pg生物膜厌氧培养3天,将生物膜随机分为4组(对照组、HMME组、超声组、SDT组),分别与无菌生理盐水或HMME进行避光孵育,然后进行声动力处理。采用平板计数法计算细菌存活率,MDA含量使用MDA检测试剂盒在可见光分光光度计下进行检测。结果:当超声强度为3 W/cm~2,超声时间为5 min时,SDT组的生物膜细菌存活率仅为40%,与对照组相比显著降低(P0.05),超声组细菌存活率为62%,与对照组相比亦显著降低(P0.05)。相同超声参数下,SDT组Pg生物膜中MDA含量最高,达17.3±1.2 nmol/mL(P0.05),超声组生物膜中MDA含量为7±0.8 nmol/mL,与对照组相比差异并无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:HMME介导的SDT对Pg生物膜有一定杀伤效果,并且在杀伤过程中,可引发脂质过氧化反应,导致MDA释放。     

妊娠期糖尿病患者氧化应激水平变化及临床意义*

目的:研究GDM孕妇与正常孕妇血清MDA、SOD及GSH水平变化,探索它们与GDM之间的相互关系,追踪各组妊娠结局研究其临床意义。方法:选取175例孕妇为研究对象,分为GDM组(93例)和对照组(82例)。采用微量法测定血清丙二醛(MDA)、谷胱甘肽(GSH)及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)水平,并对妊娠结局进行相关性分析。结果:(1) GDM组年龄、孕前体重、BMI值均高于对照组,GSH和SOD水平均低于对照组,MDA水平高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);(2) GDM组MDA水平与孕前体重呈负相关(r=-0.3547,P0.05),SOD水平与新生儿出生体重呈正相关(r=0.3292,P0.05),SOD值与早产之间有密切联系(足月产12.68±0.85 vs.早产8.08±1.18, P 0.05),GSH、SOD水平与孕前体重之间,MDA、GSH水平与新生儿出生体重之间,MDA、GSH水平与早产之间均无明显相关性(P0.05),MDA、GSH和SOD水平与剖宫产及胎膜早破均无明显相关性(P0.05)。结论:GDM存在明显的氧化应激反应,GSH、MDA与SOD可以作为评估GDM氧化应激的有效标志物,其与不良妊娠结局有关。     

不同花生品种对旱涝胁迫的响应及生理机制

为评价花生对旱、涝胁迫的响应,本试验以4个旱、涝耐性差异明显的花生品种为材料,运用温室防雨盆栽方法,在苗期、花针期分别进行正常灌溉(对照)、干旱(7d,叶片萎蔫)、根部淹涝(土面水深2 cm,时间1d、3d、7d)和整株淹涝(水深至苗顶,时间1d、3d、7d)的处理,测定地上部及根系生物量、根冠比、根系活力、叶片超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、丙二醛(MDA)含量。结果表明,苗期、花针期干旱均抑制地上部生长,提高根冠比;苗期干旱降低根系生物量,而花针期增加。2个时期淹涝均促进地上部生长、抑制根系生长、降低根冠比,并随淹水加深、延时而加重。旱、涝条件下根系活力均降低,SOD、MDA呈上升趋势。遭受相同时间(7d)的水分胁迫后,危害程度以干旱重于淹涝,花针期重于苗期。基于生物量、生理指标变化的综合分析进一步表明,4个花生品种的旱、涝耐性差异很大,湘花55号耐旱性强、耐涝性弱,豫花15号耐旱性弱、耐涝性强,中花4号耐旱、涝性均最弱,中花8号耐旱、涝性均最强。     

水位变化对高原湿地湖滨带优势植物水葱的生长胁迫

干旱等引起的水位变化使大面积湖泊湿地湖滨带退化消失,其对湿地植物及其群落的影响是近年来的研究热点,对生长于零地面水位环境水葱(实验组)的生长特性(相对生长速率、基茎、分枝数)和抗性相关物质(茎丙二醛、脯氨酸含量)进行研究,与正常水环境(淹水约20 cm)下生长的水葱(对照组)进行对比,以揭示地面水位变为零(干旱)对水葱生长产生的影响。结果表明:不同实验时间段,水葱的相对生长速率不同,5月,实验组和对照组分别为2.00 cm·d-1和3.18 cm·d-1;6月中上旬,分别为2.35 cm·d-1和2.44 cm·d-1;6月中下旬,分别为0.95 cm·d-1和0.99 cm·d-1;7月之后,分别为0.02 cm·d-1和0.05 cm·d-1。实验组水葱平均分枝数为2.94枝/丛,对照组为4.86枝/丛;实验组水葱基径为5.15 mm,对照组为7.33 mm;实验组水葱茎的相对含水量为73.28%,对照组为75.28%;实验组水葱平均丙二醛、脯氨酸含量分别为10.27μg·kg-1和9.44μmol·kg-1,对照组分别为6.46μg·kg-1和6.40μmol·kg-1。实验组和对照组水葱除了茎相对含水量差异不显著,其余指标均差异显著(对照组优于实验组),这表明地面水位变为零相对不利于生葱生长,会降低主要植物为水葱的湿地生态系统的生产力,最终加速该种湿地生态系统退化演替。研究结果可为揭示气候变化(干旱)对湿地挺水植物的生长以及对高原湿地生态系统的影响提供科学依据。     

Correlation of serum toll like receptor 9 and trace elements with lipid peroxidation in the patients of breast diseases

Toll-like receptors are recognized as redox sensitive receptor proteins and have been implicated in cellular response to oxidative stress. Altered pro-oxidant-antioxidant balance leads to an increased oxidative damage and consequently play an important role in breast diseases. The study was designed to access the oxidative stress status by quantification of byproducts generated during lipid peroxidation and inadequate trace elements during oxidative damage and its effects on the toll like receptor (TLR) activity in patients of breast diseases. Decreased levels of selenium, copper, zinc, magnesium and iron with elevated levels of malondialdehyde (marker of lipid peroxidation) were accompanied by decreased TLR activity in patients of benign breast diseases as well as breast carcinoma. A similar pattern was observed with the advancement of disease and its subsequent progression in breast carcinoma patients. Results of multinomial regression analysis suggest benign breast disease patients are at higher risk of developing breast cancer with high odds ratio of lipid damage.