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1.
The aim of this work is to show a quick and simple procedure able to identify the geometrical parameters of the intervertebral disc that strongly affect the behavior of the FEM model. First, we allocated a selection criterion for the minimum number of geometrical parameters that describe, with a good degree of approximation, a healthy human vertebra. Next, we carried out a sensitivity analysis using the ‘Taguchi orthogonal array’ to arrive at a quick identification of the parameters that strongly affect the behavior of the Fem model.  相似文献   
2.
The external morphology of frog larvae is predicted to vary among habitats, for a variety of functional reasons. I performed a phylogenetic comparative study to test whether correlations between habitat and the shape of the tadpole and its oral disc are adaptive in 82 species from south‐eastern Australia in the families Hylidae and Myobatrachidae. Habitat distributions and phylogenetic relationships were compiled from the literature and shape was quantified using geometric morphometric analysis of published drawings. Results indicate that shape evolved towards different optima in different habitats while also showing appreciable levels of phylogenetic inertia. Within myobatrachids, evolution of terrestrial tadpoles was associated with a short and shallow head/body and a shallow tail. In aquatic species, the use of benthic microhabitats was correlated with a long shallow tail, dorsal eye position, shallow head/body and ventral mouth with robust jaw sheaths. Even traits with evidence for adaptation evolved slowly in response to habitat shifts, usually requiring ≥10 million years to evolve half‐way to a new optimum. Although these findings support adaptive evolution of tadpole body form, they also highlight a strong influence of ancestral character states and indicate that phenotypes in extant species are partly maladaptive.  相似文献   
3.
目的:探讨术前量化训练方法对腰椎间盘突出患者术后锻炼依从性及康复效果的影响。方法:将84 例腰椎间盘突出患者随 机分为观察组及对照组各42 例,对照组围手术期间实施常规性护理,观察组围手术期间实施术前量化训练,对比分析两组患者 负性情绪、术后锻炼依从性及康复情况。结果:观察组干预后汉密尔顿焦虑量表(HAMA)评分、汉密尔顿抑郁量表(HAMD)评分 低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后锻炼依从率、满意率高于对照组(P<0.05),而并发症发生率低于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组术后疼 痛评分低于对照组(P<0.05),观察组术后下床活动时间及平均住院时间短于对照组(P<0.05)。结论:对腰椎间盘突出患者术前进 行适应手术训练可有效改善患者负性情绪,提高患者术后锻炼依从性,有利于患者术后康复,提高患者康复效果。  相似文献   
4.
有限元分析法是指对复杂形态物体的应力及应变进行分析,具有力学性能测试全面、客观、可重复性的特点。目前,有限元分析法已被广泛应用于脊柱畸形、腰椎损伤以及假体植入等人体复杂结构生物力学的研究中。本文主要介绍有限元分析法在腰椎的椎体、间盘、韧带及肌肉组织中的应用,结合其概念、原理、建模方法等,总结该方法在新型内固定物力学特性研究中的优势,探讨其对不同植骨内固定术式选择的临床意义。  相似文献   
5.
目的探讨腰椎后路手术患者肠道菌群的变化以期更合理的指导临床治疗。方法选择58例腰椎后路手术患者,出现肠道菌群失调症者38例,未出现肠道菌群失调症的20例作为对照组。在腰椎后路手术后,分别取2组患者自然排出的新鲜粪便10 g,采用定性定量检测比较2组患者肠道主要菌群差异及B/E值。肠道菌群失调症患者且与手术前自然排出的新鲜粪便进行相同比较。结果试验组肠道的双歧杆菌、类杆菌数量及B/E值较对照组均减少,分别是:9.21±0.65 vs 10.12±0.85;10.02±0.45 vs 10.23±0.45;1.05±0.17 vs 6.99±1.24,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);而肠杆菌、肠球菌数量较对照组增加,分别是:9.11±1.09 vs 8.55±0.89;7.80±1.02vs 7.29±0.98,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。小梭菌、乳杆菌与对照组相比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。肠道菌群失调症患者与手术前进行比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论腰椎后路手术出现肠道菌群失调患者专性厌氧菌减少,条件致病菌增加,肠道微生物定植抗力下降。正确及时地去除病因,尽可能地采取微创手术技术,减少医源性损伤,调整机体免疫功能,纠正营养不良,合理使用抗生素是解决腰椎后路手术患者肠道功能障碍的有效办法。  相似文献   
6.
早寒武世最早期梅树村期处于“寒武纪大爆发”序幕阶段。在这一时期,生物类群发生了大规模辐射演化及其身体构型的快速革新,形成与前寒武纪生物群明显不同的生物组合面貌。最近在陕南宽川铺地区早寒武世早期灯影组宽川铺段地层中发现了数十枚呈三维立体精美保存的磷酸盐化奇异星状生物化石标本,通过形态功能分析及与其共生的Punctatus的口盘类比表明,该奇异星状生物很可能属于腔肠动物Punctatus的口盘,星状体的中心为该生物的口部。而腔肠动物的出现标志着真后生动物的开始,在生物起源演化历程上占据着极其关键的位置。本文报道的奇异星状生物可能代表了初具原始触手的腔肠动物早期演化类型,为研究真后生动物起源演化、功能进化提供了新的实证材料。  相似文献   
7.
Amblydromalus limonicus consumed fewer first instar Frankliniella occidentalis thrips than Bactericera cockerelli psyllids per day when on the same (1.7 thrips, 3.7 psyllids) or separate (2.9 thrips, 4.4 psyllids) capsicum leaf discs. Mites ate fewer psyllids per day on tomato (1.9) than on capsicum (3.1). Mite survival was similar on both prey and plants.  相似文献   
8.
The Drosophila wing and the dorsal thorax develop from primordia within the wing imaginal disc. Here we show that spalt major (salm) is expressed within the presumptive dorsal body wall primordium early in wing disc development to specify notum and wing hinge tissue. Upon ectopic salm expression, dorsally located second leg disc cells develop notum and wing hinge tissue instead of sternopleural tissue. Similarly, by salm over-expression within the wing disc, wing blade formation is suppressed and a mirror-image duplication of the notum and wing hinge is formed. In large dorsal clones, which lack salm and its neighboring paralogue spalt related (salr), the cells of the notum primordium do not grow; these dorsal cells are not specified as notum, hence no notum outgrowth develops. These results suggest that the zinc finger factors encoded by the salm/salr complex play important roles in defining cells of the early wing disc as dorsal body wall cells, which develop into a large dorsal body wall territory and form mesonotum and some wing hinge tissue, and in delimiting the wing primordium. We also find that salm activity is down-regulated by its own product and by that of the Pax gene eyegone.  相似文献   
9.
The aims of this work were to test whether human intervertebral disc-derived nucleus pulposus cells (hNP-cells) are attracted by human serum and to analyze if matrix generation from hNP-cells is promoted under the influence of transforming growth factor-β3 (TGF-β3) or hyaluronan (HA) in vitro. Using the multi-well chemotaxis assay to determine cell migration under the influence of different concentrations of human serum, it was demonstrated that dedifferentiated hNP-cells are able to migrate towards a serum fraction gradient in a concentration-dependent manner. Re-differentiation capacity of hNP-cells in 3D micro-masses under the influence of TGF-β3 or hyaluronan was also tested. Gene expression analysis of types I, II, III and IX collagen, as well as aggrecan, COMP and LINK of hNP-cells in 3D-micro-mass cell-culture revealed a strong increase of these markers in TGF-β3 treated cells. Furthermore, histochemical and immuno-histochemical staining after 28d showed proteoglycan and type II collagen-rich matrix for both, the TGF-β3 and the hyaluronan treated cells. These findings show that TGF-β3 or hyaluronan are able to induce the differentiation and that human serum stimulates the migration of hNP-cells in vitro. Therefore, hyaluronan and serum are suited for cell-free biomaterials as cell migration and differentiation inducing factors intended for biological treatment strategies of the intervertebral disc.  相似文献   
10.
目的检测缺氧诱导因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)和葡萄糖转运蛋白-1(glucose transporter-1,GLUT-1)在不同月龄大鼠椎间盘纤维环组织中的表达及其相关性,探讨HIF-1α及GLUT-1在椎间盘退变过程中的作用。方法取Wistar大鼠50只,分别以1,3,6,12,18个月龄分为5组。采用免疫组化法及Western blot法检测各组椎间盘中HIF-1α和GLUT-1表达情况。结果随着大鼠月龄的增长,其椎间盘纤维环组织中HIF-1α和GLUT-1的表达也发生变化,由低月龄组(1-3月龄)至成年组(6-12月龄)HIF-1α和GLUT-1表达逐渐减少,而老年组(18月龄)二者表达显著增加。且这种变化有显著统计学意义(P0.01)。纤维环中HIF-1α和GLUT-1的蛋白表达呈正相关。结论HIF-1α、GLUT-1表达水平的变化与椎间盘退变的发生关系密切相关,HIF-1α可以通过上调GLUT-1等相关因子并延缓椎间盘退变,可能作为椎间盘退变治疗研究的切入点。  相似文献   
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