动态适应性生态经济区划模型及其应用

提高城市生态经济区划的精确性和动态性,对科学指导城市化发展具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。利用夜间灯光数据与人口密度建立线性模型,探索了以往用行政区域为最小统计单元数据的模拟细化问题;然后通过引入可变参数构建了动态适应性生态经济区划模型,在增强模型动态适应性的同时,将一级区划结果统一划分为生态管控区域、生态优先区域、优化开发区域和重点开发区域4个区域。以广州市增城区为典型案例,通过改进的动态适应性生态经济区划模型,运用GIS将增城区在两种情景下进行了模拟和对比,并提出了政策建议。区划结果符合当地发展特征,也为其他城市与区域的生态经济区划研究提供了科学方法。     

Multiomic Metabolic Enrichment Network Analysis Reveals Metabolite–Protein Physical Interaction Subnetworks Altered in Cancer

Metabolism is recognized as an important driver of cancer progression and other complex diseases, but global metabolite profiling remains a challenge. Protein expression profiling is often a poor proxy since existing pathway enrichment models provide an incomplete mapping between the proteome and metabolism. To overcome these gaps, we introduce multiomic metabolic enrichment network analysis (MOMENTA), an integrative multiomic data analysis framework for more accurately deducing metabolic pathway changes from proteomics data alone in a gene set analysis context by leveraging protein interaction networks to extend annotated metabolic models. We apply MOMENTA to proteomic data from diverse cancer cell lines and human tumors to demonstrate its utility at revealing variation in metabolic pathway activity across cancer types, which we verify using independent metabolomics measurements. The novel metabolic networks we uncover in breast cancer and other tumors are linked to clinical outcomes, underscoring the pathophysiological relevance of the findings.     

Development of seawater adaptation in pink salmon,Oncorhynchus gorbuscha,during downstream migration: relationships to temperature and residual yolk

Synopsis Seawater adaptability of wild pink salmon, Oncorhynchus gorbuscha, alevins was investigated using 96 h LC50 test, muscle sodium level and weight loss tests. Five temperature (2, 6, 9, 13 and 16°C) and two yolk groups were analysed during the beginning, the middle and the end of downstream migration. Both temperature and amount of residual yolk affected seawater adaptability. The computation of muscle sodium levels and weight loss after a short term (3–12 h) seawater challenge test may be a convenient method to estimate the seawater adaptability of fish too small to allow analysis of blood sodium concentration.     

Diet composition in San Francisco Estuary striped bass: does trophic adaptability have its limits?

Trophic adaptability is a term used to describe feeding flexibility in fishes. Though a useful conceptual starting point, fishes often face constraints on their ability to switch prey that could limit feeding success even when prey switching is observed. We compared striped bass diet compositions summarized from previously published studies in California’s Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta during two time periods (1963–1964 and 2001–2003), which allowed us to evaluate trophic adaptability in San Francisco Estuary striped bass at multiple time scales, ranging from intra-annual to multidecadal. The Delta is the landward region of the San Francisco Estuary; over time between the study periods, the Delta underwent substantial changes in potential prey availability for striped bass. We found evidence for trophic adaptability in San Francisco Estuary (SFE) striped bass at all temporal scales examined. Despite this ability to adapt to changes in prey availability, the relative abundance and carrying capacity of young striped bass have declined. This decline has previously been associated with substantial declines in their dominant historical prey—mysid shrimp. Our results, coupled with these previous findings, indicate that trophic adaptability may have limited usefulness as a conceptual model to predict foraging success when other food web constraints are not considered. We speculate that this is particularly true in highly invaded ecosystems like the San Francisco Estuary because invading species often introduce substantial and permanent changes into food webs, decreasing the likelihood that a predator will find prey assemblages that fully replace historical prey assemblages.     

Coupling between line tension and domain contact angle in heterogeneous membranes

The compositional differences between domains in phase-separated membranes are associated with differences in bilayer thickness and moduli. The resulting packing deformation at the phase boundary gives rise to a line tension, the one dimensional equivalent of surface tension. In this paper we calculate the line tension between a large membrane domain and a continuous phase as a function of the thickness mismatch and the contact angle between the phases. We find that the packing-induced line tension is sensitive to the contact angle, reaching a minimum at a specific value. The difference in the line tension between a flat domain (that is within the plane of the continuous phase) and a domain at the optimal contact angle may be of order 40%. This could explain why previous calculations of the thickness mismatch based line tension tend to yield values that are higher than those measured experimentally.     

Prediction of mean and variance of hybrids and of lines that can be derived from a random mating population

Summary A method is presented to estimate, from a two-factor crossing design including self-fertilization, mean and variance of lines and hybrids that can be derived from a random mating population. The derivation is only valid in the absence of epistasis. From such an estimation, it is possible to derive the expected value of the best lines and of the best hybrids that can be derived from a population.     

鳗草在荣成天鹅湖不同生境中生长的适应性

鳗草在北半球温带海域广有分布,受到不同程度的人为干扰和环境胁迫,海草床面积急剧退化.为探讨鳗草对不同环境胁迫的适应性,于2014年11月—2015年10月对荣成天鹅湖草床的潮间带和潮下带的斑块区、鳗草草场边缘和鳗草草场内部4个生境的鳗草形态和繁殖能力进行了研究.结果表明: 叶长、叶宽、节间长度/直径、地上生物量/地下生物量和分枝频率在不同月份和生境间差异显著,其中除了分枝频率最大值出现在草场边缘(88.4%)外,其他各项指标的最大值均出现在草场内部(分别为78.54 cm、7.93 mm、7.03和3.88).地上生物量/地下生物量的可塑性指数在各站位均较高(0.77～0.92),叶宽的可塑性(0.41～0.64)略小.不同生境中单株鳗草佛焰苞数差异不显著,而单位面积的佛焰苞数差异显著,在草场内部偏向于克隆生殖,而在人为干扰较大的斑块区倾向于有性生殖.     

Attentional bias in the radial and vertical dimensions of space

Under visual guidance, healthy subjects usually misbisect radial lines farther than, and vertical lines above the true center. It was suggested that radial and vertical misbisection depended on the presence of an attentional bias toward far/upper space. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether such attentional bias depends on a single mechanism or on separate mechanisms. Ninety participants were asked to bisect lines radially and vertically oriented. The results confirmed the presence of a consistent bisection bias farther than (radial lines), and above (vertical lines) the true center. Furthermore, there was a significant correlation between radial and vertical bisection errors. These findings suggest that a single neural mechanism is involved in producing the attentional bias toward far/upper space.