首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   4747篇
  免费   547篇
  国内免费   692篇
  2023年   74篇
  2022年   105篇
  2021年   135篇
  2020年   168篇
  2019年   160篇
  2018年   152篇
  2017年   147篇
  2016年   149篇
  2015年   165篇
  2014年   192篇
  2013年   224篇
  2012年   150篇
  2011年   191篇
  2010年   127篇
  2009年   225篇
  2008年   207篇
  2007年   263篇
  2006年   242篇
  2005年   265篇
  2004年   187篇
  2003年   177篇
  2002年   187篇
  2001年   156篇
  2000年   137篇
  1999年   162篇
  1998年   125篇
  1997年   136篇
  1996年   110篇
  1995年   111篇
  1994年   115篇
  1993年   130篇
  1992年   112篇
  1991年   97篇
  1990年   98篇
  1989年   86篇
  1988年   84篇
  1987年   66篇
  1986年   49篇
  1985年   56篇
  1984年   52篇
  1983年   18篇
  1982年   48篇
  1981年   48篇
  1980年   28篇
  1979年   24篇
  1978年   10篇
  1977年   14篇
  1976年   4篇
  1975年   4篇
  1958年   4篇
排序方式: 共有5986条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Ribosomal (r)RNA and rDNA have been golden molecular markers in microbial ecology. However, it remains poorly understood how ribotype copy number (CN)‐based characteristics are linked with diversity, abundance, and activity of protist populations and communities observed at organismal levels. Here, we applied a single‐cell approach to quantify ribotype CNs in two ciliate species reared at different temperatures. We found that in actively growing cells, the per‐cell rDNA and rRNA CNs scaled with cell volume (CV) to 0.44 and 0.58 powers, respectively. The modeled rDNA and rRNA concentrations thus appear to be much higher in smaller than in larger cells. The observed rRNA:rDNA ratio scaled with CV0.14. The maximum growth rate could be well predicted by a combination of per‐cell ribotype CN and temperature. Our empirical data and modeling on single‐cell ribotype scaling are in agreement with both the metabolic theory of ecology and the growth rate hypothesis, providing a quantitative framework for linking cellular rDNA and rRNA CNs with body size, growth (activity), and biomass stoichiometry. This study also demonstrates that the expression rate of rRNA genes is constrained by cell size, and favors biomass rather than abundance‐based interpretation of quantitative ribotype data in population and community ecology of protists.  相似文献   
2.
3.
Manuele Rebsamen 《Autophagy》2016,12(6):1061-1062
The mechanistic target of rapamycin (serine/threonine kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) acts as a crucial regulator of cellular metabolism by integrating growth factor presence, energy and nutrient availability to coordinate anabolic and catabolic processes, and controls cell growth and proliferation. Amino acids are critical for MTORC1 activation, but the molecular mechanisms involved in sensing their presence are just beginning to be understood. We recently reported that the previously uncharacterized amino acid transporter SLC38A9 is a member of the lysosomal sensing machinery that signals amino acid availability to MTORC1. SLC38A9 is the first component of this complex shown to physically engage amino acids, suggesting a role at the core of the amino acid-sensing mechanism.  相似文献   
4.
植物专性寄生菌吸器功能研究现状北大核心CSCD   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
吸器是专性寄生真菌和卵菌的菌丝产生的一种短小分支变态结构,由吸器体、吸器外间质和吸器外质膜3部分组成。吸器不仅仅是吸收和转运寄主植物的营养物质的功能,它在病原菌生物合成、抑制寄主的防御反应等方面也具有不同程度的作用。对吸器的深入了解将有助于更好地认识、控制专性寄生菌。本文综述了吸器关于营养吸收与致病性方面的功能,讨论了有待解决的问题及今后的研究趋势。  相似文献   
5.
Plant height, light-saturated rates of photosynthesis (A max) and foliar nitrogen concentration (N 1) were measured forBartsia trixago under field conditions in Mallorca. All three variables were postively correlated, and were also positively related to the abundance of nitrogen-fixing legumes in the associated vegetation (putative host species).A max forB. trixago ranged from 7.7 to 18.8 mol m-2 s-1; similar rates were measured for a second hemiparasiteParentucellia viscosa, and both species were within the range of rates measured for six putative hosts (10.6–19.2 mol m-2 s-1). Fertilization of unattachedB. trixago plants with inorganic nitrogen (ammonium nitrate) elicited neither the growth nor the photosynthetic responses observed in plants considered to be parasitic on legumes and in receipt of an enriched organic nitrogen supply. Both hemiparasites had high diurnal leaf conductances (g s) (469–2291 mmol m-2 s-1) and were at the upper end of the range of those measured in putative hosts (409–879 mmol m-2 s-1). In contrast with the latter, high nocturnal rates ofg s were also recorded for the two hemiparasites (517–1862 mmol m-2 s-1). There was no clear relationship between eitherA max orN 1 and eitherg s, transpiration (E) or water use efficiency (A max/E) inB. trixago plants. The economics of water loss appear to be independent of both the supply of nitrogen from the host and autotrophic carbon fixation.  相似文献   
6.
Detached leaves of Cyclamen persicum Mill. can be used as a simple source-sink system. Phloem transport in the excised material was monitored by the noninvasive 11C-technique. Assimilate movement stopped immediately when the petiole was cut off. However, within 20 min a recovery of transport was observed. The translocation rate in the detached leaf was only 13% of that in the intact plant. 14C-Xenobiotics and [3H]sucrose were injected into the upper petiole parenchyma (source). They moved downstream by a symplastic route. The stump of the petiole was inserted into a buffer solution containing ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (sink). After 3 h, the distribution of sucrose and xenobiotics was determined in five subsequent segments of the petiole (path). The retention coefficient (r) was calculated from the ratio of radioactivity in the vascular bundle to that in the petiole parenchyma. The distribution along the vascular path was given by a geometric progression, whereas its constant was the transport coefficient (q). Values of r and q corresponded with the degree of phloem mobility and ambimobility. Four groups of compounds were classified: (i) acidic substances with log Kow = — 2 to — 2.4 (Kow is the partition coefficient octanol/water) at pH 8 (pH of sieve tube sap), retained by ion trapping and exhibiting small lateral efflux (q0.7; maleic hydrazide, dalapon); (ii) acidic substances with log Kow = — 0.7 to — 0.8 at pH 8, retained by ion trapping and subjected to a moderate lateral efflux (0.7>q> 0.5; 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid, 2-methyl-4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, bromoxynil); (iii) nonionised substances retained by optimum permeability, exhibiting a considerable lateral leakage (q<0.5; glyphosate, amitrole); (iv) substances without basipetal transport in the phloem (atrazine, diuron). Retention of sucrose corresponded quantitatively with that shown in group (i). This classification was also supported by results of uptake and efflux experiments using the isolated conducting tissue. Theoretical translocation profiles were calculated from the determined transport coefficients (q).Abbreviations 2,4-D 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid - Kow partition coefficient octanol/water - MCPA 2-methyl-4-chloro-phenoxyacetic acid - q transport coefficient in the vascular bundle - r retention coefficient in the vascular bundle The authors gratefully acknowledge the assistance of H. Fiedler and M. Neugebauer. We are particularly grateful to K. Dutschka, G. Hudepokl, and Dr. J. Knust for producing 11CO2.  相似文献   
7.
中亚热带不同母质和森林类型土壤生态酶化学计量特征   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
土壤生态酶化学计量比作为衡量土壤微生物能量和养分资源限制状况的重要指标,是当前生态学领域研究的热点之一,然而关于土壤母质和森林类型在调控土壤生态酶化学计量比中所扮演的角色及作用机制尚不明确。分别以砂岩和花岗岩发育的米槠林和杉木林土壤为研究对象,通过测定土壤物理化学性质、微生物量碳、氮和磷及土壤酶活性,探讨不同母岩发育的米槠林和杉木林土壤生态酶化学计量特征。结果显示,花岗岩发育的土壤酸性磷酸酶活性(AP)显著高于砂岩发育的土壤,βG:AP和NAG:AP的值显著低于砂岩发育的土壤。其中,花岗岩发育的米槠林土壤βG:AP和NAG:AP的值都显著高于杉木林,砂岩发育的土壤βG:AP和NAG:AP的值在两个林分间呈相反的结果。结果表明土壤生态酶化学计量比能够反映不同森林土壤之间磷养分限制强度,花岗岩比砂岩土壤受磷养分限制更严重。相关分析表明,土壤酶活性及生态酶化学计量比与土壤生物因子和非生物因子密切相关,而冗余分析发现土壤pH、总磷(TP)和微生物量碳(MBC)分别解释土壤酶活性和生态酶化学计量比变异的56.9%、27.9%和12.3%。未来森林经营及管理应考虑土壤母质和森林类型差异对区域森林土壤养分循环的影响。  相似文献   
8.
土壤微生物与土壤质量、健康、植物的生产力和农业的可持续发展密切相关。任何对土壤中微生物的扰动都可能影响土壤的长期生产力,并可能产生严重后果。大量研究结果表明,肥料类型、施肥处理年限长短、施肥水平高低及施肥措施都会造成土壤成分的变化,进而影响土壤中微生物的生长以及繁殖。简要介绍了微生物量的几种测定方法,综述了各种养分管理措施对农田生态系统中土壤微生物量的影响,从而了解土壤微生物因人类对土壤的利用而发生的变化,以期为农业的可持续发展和生态环境的保护提供理论依据。  相似文献   
9.
为了解罗汉果(Siraitia grosvenorii(Swingle)C.Jeffrey)中的化学成分,利用溶剂萃取和色谱分离手段,从罗汉果叶中分离得到9个化合物。通过光谱分析,分别鉴定为:山奈酚-3,7-O-α-L-二鼠李糖苷(1)、山奈酚-3-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(2)、阿魏酸(3)、4′-甲氧基二氢槲皮素(4)、大黄素(5)、芦荟大黄素(6)、槲皮素(7)、山奈酚(8)、山奈酚-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖苷(9),其中化合物3~6为首次从罗汉果叶中分离得到。  相似文献   
10.
茶园冬季乔木落叶的分解和矿质元素释放   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
在我国南方存在着一种传统植茶方式——茶林复合生态系统,近年来人们已逐步认识到它在维持土壤肥力,抗御自然灾害和保证茶叶内质特性等方面的作用,然而对冬季乔木落叶分解和矿质元素释放的作用尚无报道。本文是对安徽省黄山市休宁县茶树-乌桕复合园和茶树-板栗复合园的冬季乔木落叶分解的研究,为全面认识茶林复合生态系统的性质提供依据。  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号