Multiple episodes of induced secretion of human growth hormone from recombinant AtT-20 cells

Recombinant AtT-20 cells expressing human growth hormone (hGH) secreted the hormone at a constant, basal rate of 0.3–0.5 ng/10⁵ cells-hour when exposed to medium without secretagogues. When triggered with 8 bromo-cyclic AMP, cells secreted hGH at an initial rate of 1.7 ng/10⁵ cells-hour while intracellular hGH declined sharply. Upon extended exposure to secretagogue, secretion decreased gradually to the basal rate and intracellular hGH stabilized at a value 40% the initial. In cells switched from secretion to growth medium, the total rate of hGH accumulation intracellularly and in medium was 2.2 times that observed with cells never exposed to secretagogue; however, only a fraction of the hormone was stored intracellularly and the rest was secreted. When cells were exposed alternately to growth and secretion medium, induced cells secreted at rates at least two times higher than uninduced controls during the first five cycles. The induced response deteriorated with time, however, in parallel with outgrowth of attached cells by foci of round cells, and by the eighth cycle induced secretion did not occur. Operational modifications that may improve the performance of cycling schemes are discussed.     

Stanford A型主动脉夹层孙氏手术患者术后血流感染的影响因素及术前PCT、IL-6、D-D的预测价值研究

摘要 目的：分析Stanford A型主动脉夹层（AD）孙氏手术患者术后血流感染（BSI）的影响因素,并探讨术前血清降钙素原（PCT）、白细胞介素-6（IL-6）、D-二聚体（D-D）对术后发生BSI的预测价值。方法：选取2019年1月～2022年1月贵州医科大学附属医院收治的236例接受孙氏手术的Stanford A型AD患者,根据术后是否BSI分为BSI组和非BSI组。收集患者基础资料和实验室指标,采用多因素Logistic回归分析Stanford A型AD孙氏手术患者术后发生BSI的影响因素,采用受试者工作特征（ROC）曲线分析血清PCT、IL-6、D-D水平对Stanford A型AD孙氏手术患者术后发生BSI的预测价值。结果：BSI组年龄≥60岁、糖尿病史、机械通气、气管切开、人工瓣膜植入比例和术后24 h引流量、血清C反应蛋白、PCT、IL-6、D-D水平高于非BSI组,手术时间、心包纵隔管保留时间长于非BSI组（P＜0.05）。多因素Logistic回归分析显示,年龄≥60岁、糖尿病史、机械通气、气管切开、术后24 h引流量上升,血清PCT、IL-6、D-D水平上升为Stanford A型AD孙氏手术患者术后发生BSI的危险因素（P＜0.05）。ROC曲线分析显示,血清PCT、IL-6、D-D三项联合预测的Stanford A型AD孙氏手术患者术后发生BSI的曲线下面积大于单独预测。结论：年龄、糖尿病史、机械通气、气管切开、术后24 h引流量、血清PCT、IL-6、D-D水平是Stanford A型AD孙氏手术患者术后发生BSI的影响因素,术前血清PCT、IL-6、D-D水平可作为Stanford A型AD孙氏手术患者术后发生BSI的辅助预测指标。     

Degradation of quinoline by immobilized Comamonas acidovorans in a three-phase airlift reactor

Quinolie degradation by Comamonas acidovorans was studied in a continuously operated three-phase airlift reactor. Porous glass beads were applied as support matrix for cell imobilization by colonization. Under steady-state conditions (S approximately 0), cell attachment was poor at low dilution rates but imporved considerably with increasing dilution rate. Conversion of quinoline was investigated below and above the washout for suspended culture (D(crit) = mu(max) = 0.42 h(-1)). With immobilized cells the reactor could be operated at D > mu(max), and complete conversion of quinoline was achieved as long as the specific quinoline feed rate D*S(0)/X did not exceed the maximum specific degradation rate (r(S, max)). The biofilm thickness was about 100 mum, and its efficiency was about 54% compared to suspended organisms. If quinoline overloads were supplied to the reactor, quinoline, as overloads were supplied to the reactor, quinoline, as well as its pathway intermediates, appeared in the reactor and conversion was low. Hence, the immobilized microorganisms remained viable and active. They could survive quinoline overloads. If the quinoline feed rate was reduced agains, complete conversion was reestablished. (c) 1995 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.     

Periodic operation of immobilized live cell bioreactor for the production of candicidin

A lumped model for cell growth and secondary metabolite production in an immobilized live cell bioreactor has been developed. This model is applied here to simulate the performance of an immobilized bioreactor under steady-state conditions and under conditions of periodically varying concentration of a growth-limiting substrate. The results of the simulation study were experimentally verified in the case of the production of the antibiotic candicidin by Streptomyces griseus in an immobilized bioreactor with forced periodic operation. The results of the studies suggest that periodically operated immobilized live cell bioreactors can provide a potent alternative for the production of non-growth-associated biochemicals, as compared to free cell fermentations, pulsed fermentations with process cycle regeneration, and nonregenerated bioreactors. This work has demonstrated that by frequent pulsing of the growth limiting nutrient, stable extended production can be obtained at high specific cellular productivities.     

Glucose uptake of Cytophaga johnsonae studied in batch and chemostat culture

The influence of different physiological states on the glucose uptake and mineralization by Cytophaga johnsonae, a freshwater isolate, was examined in batch and chemostat cultures. At different growth rates under glucose limitation in chemostat cultures, different uptake patterns for ¹⁴C labeled glucose were observed. In batch culture and at high growth rates the glucose uptake potential showed a higher maximum velocity and a much lower substrate affinity than at lower growth rates. These findings and the results of short-term labeling patterns could be explained by two different glucose uptake mechanisms which enable the strain to grow efficiently both at high and low substrate concentrations. Substrate specificity studies showed that a structural change of the C-2 atom of the glucose molecule was tolerated by both systems. The consequences of these results for the ecophysiological classification of the Cytophaga group and for the operation of continuous cultures are discussed.     

腹腔镜结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:比较分析腹腔镜和开腹结肠癌根治术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌的临床疗效和安全性及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:根据随机数字表法,将64例老年局部进展期结肠癌患者随机分为腹腔镜组和开腹组,每组各32例,分别接受腹腔镜、开腹结肠癌根治术治疗。比较两组手术相关指标、手术前后免疫功能变化、术后近远期并发症的发生情况及预后。结果:与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者手术时间明显延长,而术中出血量、胃肠功能恢复时间则明显缩短(P<0.05)。两组淋巴结清扫数比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。术后3个月,腹腔镜组CD4+、CD4+/CD8+比值均明显高于开腹组(P<0.05),且与术前比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与开腹组比较,腹腔镜组患者术后切口感染的发生率明显降低(P<0.05),两组其他近期并发症如吻合口瘘、吻合口出血,远期并发症如黏连性肠梗阻、切口疝的发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。腹腔镜组与开腹组术后2年的局部复发率、1年和2年生存率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:腹腔镜手术和开腹手术治疗老年局部进展期结肠癌患者的临床疗效和预后相当,但腹腔镜手术对患者的免疫功能影响更小,且安全性更高。     

单切口腹腔镜在结直肠手术中的应用效果及对炎症因子与应激反应的影响

目的:探讨单切口腹腔镜在结直肠手术中的应用效果及对炎症因子与应激反应的影响。方法:选择2018年1月至2019年10月我院接诊的98例结直肠癌患者,通过随机数表法分为2组,每组49例。观察组使用单切口腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,对照组使用传统腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术,常规5孔操作法。比较两组围术期相关情况、手术前后血清炎症因子水平的变化、手术后应激反应及并发症的发生情况。结果:两组淋巴结清扫个数、中转开腹例数、术后排气时间比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05),观察组手术时间明显长于对照组,脐切口长度、住院时间、术中出血量均显著短于或低于对照组;两组术后1 d、3 d、5 d时高敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、肾上腺素(E)、皮质醇(Cor)水平均明显高于术前(P0.05);且观察组术后1d、3d、5d时hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、NE、E、Cor较对照组显著降低(P0.05);两组吻合口瘘、吻合口狭窄、吻合口出血、小肠穿孔、肠梗阻、感染的总发生率比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:和传统5孔操作法相比,单切口腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术治疗结直肠癌患者的手术时间更长,但术后炎症因子表达更低,应激反应更小,有利于患者术后恢复。     

腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术联合胃背侧系膜近胃端完整系膜切除术对进展期胃癌患者肠黏膜屏障功能和腹腔微转移的影响

摘要 目的：探讨腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术联合胃背侧系膜近胃端完整系膜切除术对进展期胃癌（AGC）患者肠黏膜屏障功能和腹腔微转移的影响。方法：选取2016年12月～2018年12月我院收治的105例AGC患者,按随机数字表法分为对照组（n=52）和实验组（n=53）,分别施行腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术、腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术联合胃背侧系膜近胃端完整系膜切除术。观察两组手术情况（淋巴结清扫数量、手术时间、术中出血量、近切缘距离）、胃肠功能恢复指标（肛门排气时间、经口进食时间、肠鸣音恢复时间）、并发症、住院时间及术前、术后1 d、3 d、7 d肠黏膜屏障功能[尿乳果糖/甘露醇（L/M）、血清二胺氧化酶（DAO）]、气腹后、关腹前腹腔微转移指标[多巴胺脱羧酶（DDC）、癌胚抗原（CEA）],并于术后12个月随访两组复发率。结果：实验组术中出血量少于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组经口进食时间、肛门排气时间、住院时间、肠鸣音恢复时间比较无差异（P＞0.05）;术前、术后1 d、3 d、7 d两组血清DAO水平、尿L/M比较无差异（P＞0.05）;关腹前实验组腹腔冲洗液DDC、CEA水平低于对照组（P＜0.05）;两组并发症总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;术后12个月随访,实验组和对照组各失访2例,实验组复发率3.92%（2/51）低于对照组20.00%（10/50）（P＜0.05）。结论：腹腔镜辅助胃癌D2根治术联合胃背侧系膜近胃端完整系膜切除术治疗AGC,能有效降低术中出血量,恢复胃肠功能,减少腹腔微转移及术后复发,且未增加肠黏膜屏障功能损伤,安全性高。     

经皮穴位电刺激联合全身麻醉对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者炎性因子、T细胞亚群和认知功能的影响

摘要 目的：探讨经皮穴位电刺激（TEAS）联合全身麻醉对腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者炎性因子、T细胞亚群和认知功能的影响。方法：选取2018年6月~2019年9月期间我院收治的行腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者90例,根据随机数字表法分为对照组（n=45）和研究组（n=45）,对照组给予全身麻醉处理,研究组在对照组的基础上联合TEAS,比较两组患者炎性因子、T细胞亚群、认知功能及疼痛情况。结果：研究组术后1 d、术后5 d白介素-6（IL-6）、白介素-1（IL-1）和肿瘤坏死因子-α（TNF-α）低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后1 d、术后5 d CD3⁺、CD4⁺/CD8⁺、CD4⁺高于对照组,CD8+则低于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后1 d、术后3 d、术后5 d、术后7 d简易智力状态检查表（MMSE）评分高于对照组（P<0.05）。研究组术后6 h、术后12 h、术后24 h、术后48 h视觉模拟评分法（VAS）评分低于对照组（P<0.05）。两组术后5 d、术后7 d认知功能障碍（POCD）发生率比较差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）;研究组术后1 d、术后3dPOCD发生率低于对照组（P<0.05）。结论：TEAS联合全身麻醉治疗腹腔镜结直肠癌根治术患者,可降低炎性反应,减轻免疫抑制,同时还可降低对机体认知功能的损害。     

Evolution of specialized microbial cooperation in dynamic fluids

Here, we study the evolution of specialization using realistic computer simulations of bacteria that secrete two public goods in a dynamic fluid. Through this first‐principles approach, we find physical factors such as diffusion, flow patterns and decay rates are as influential as fitness economics in governing the evolution of community structure, to the extent that when mechanical factors are taken into account, (a) generalist communities can resist becoming specialists despite the invasion fitness of specialization; (b) generalist and specialists can both resist cheaters despite the invasion fitness of free‐riding; and (c) multiple community structures can coexist despite the opposing force of competitive exclusion. Our results emphasize the role of spatial assortment and physical forces on niche partitioning and the evolution of diverse community structures.