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The article presents the analysis of L.S. Vygotsky's works dedicated to the theater arts and is organized according Vygotsky's different life and work stages. Meanwhile special attention is paid to the Gomel period during which a large number of reviews were written by Vygotsky and published in “Nash ponedel'nik” and “Polesskaia pravda” newspapers. Biographical facts are widely used in this analysis and help to clarify Vygotsky's interest in art. It is shown that even at the beginning of his oeuvre, he was interested not only in a range of problems in art, but also psychological problems related to art perception and creativeness. Vygotsky's usage of structural concept ideas about the peculiar properties of literary text composition are also explored. Vygotsky analyzes the socio-psychological mechanisms of theatrical art effect. Furthermore, those areas which are widely used by Vygotsky in determining the characteristics of cast reincarnation are examined. Special emphasis is placed on the different elements of the actor techniques (speech, movement, emotional expression, acting personality and etc.). Materials are widely used in this study and help identify the socio-cultural context that defined Vygotsky's values at different stages of his work, related to his drama criticism and his formation as a professional psychologist.  相似文献   
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This paper discusses possible mechanisms that might lead to misinterpretations of collected data and makes new evidence-based medicine (EBM) recommendations to oppose the previously accepted preventive measures, or treatment options. It is focused on the danger of the “red meat” consumption, and the question whether eating pungent food is good or bad for our health and finally whether the “bad luck” concept of getting several cancer types is valid or not. These three topics got and still have significant media attention. Several mechanisms are proposed as possible causes of these apparent conflicts. Some of them have already been recognized but sadly remained less known to medical readers and also to the general population. Also see the video abstract here https://youtu.be/owjoRXrNShA .  相似文献   
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In this study, we developed an in vivo vitiligo induction model to explore the underlying mechanisms leading to Koebner's phenomenon and to evaluate the efficacy of therapeutic strategies. The model consisted of 12 pigmented test regions on the back of generalized vitiligo patients that were exposed to three Koebner induction methods: cryotherapy, 755 nm laser therapy, and epidermal abrasion. In addition, four cream treatments (pimecrolimus, tacrolimus, steroid and placebo) were randomly applied. Koebnerization was efficiently induced by all three induction methods. In general, cryotherapy was the best method of Koebner induction, followed by 755 nm laser therapy and epidermal abrasion. Reproducible results were obtained, which showed enhanced depigmented surface areas and higher amounts of T lymphocytes in placebo-treated test zones compared to active treated areas. Tacrolimus and local steroids were better inhibitors of Koebner's process (P < 0.05) compared to pimecrolimus. Our in vivo vitiligo induction model is very informative to investigate vitiligo induction and to determine the efficacy of topical treatments in vitiligo. This proof of concept confirms the efficient comparison of head-to-head therapeutic strategies intra-individually in a standardized, specific and better timed way.  相似文献   
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Summary Mechanically dividing an insect egg into anterior and posterior fragments results in a segment gap (Sander 1976), a loss of non-terminal segments in the constricted region. By altering the stage and duration of constriction, we produced different types of egg fragments in the pea beetleCallosobruchus. The patterns formed by these fragments suggest the existence of interactions between anterior and posterior egg regions that influence segment patterning and placement. Segments in excess of the numbers expected on the basis of permanent constrictions were produced in fragments when: (1) the constriction was released before cellularization occurred and (2) in addition the complementary fragment degenerated. Apparently the degenerating fragment induced the formation of excess segments in the developing fragment. Differences in the time and extent of excess segment formation in anterior versus posterior fragments suggest an asymmetric distribution of prerequisites for segment formation. This conclusion is consistent with our finding that a partial reversal of segment sequence (double abdomen formation) can be induced only in posterior fragments by a degenerating fragment, but not in anterior fragments (see companion paper).The formation of excess segments shows that the segment gap observed after permanent separation cannot be due to non-specific damage, caused by the process of constriction as such, to the egg or to localized putative segment precursors.  相似文献   
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地中海沿岸沙丘微生境对幼苗出现时空格局的影响   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
实验样地设在地中海沿岸沙丘,选择了3个不同的微生境代表:(1)稳定沙丘上的开阔地片段,(2)稳定沙丘上的灌丛下区域,(3)不稳定沙丘的路径区域;从2001年11月至2002年4月的整个生长季节,每一个微生境出现的幼苗在4个日期被监测,并在每一个取样日把每一株幼苗鉴定、计数后,用剪刀把地上部分移去;研究调查了3种微生境幼苗出现的时空分布格局,并分析了雨量与幼苗出现数量的关系。结果发现:在地中海沿岸沙丘生态系统,幼苗出现在时间上具有明显的分布特征,大多数幼苗出现在第一观测期,整个生长季幼苗都不断出现,但幼苗出现的数目却逐渐下降;各功能群的幼苗占幼苗总数的比例分别为:1年生阔叶草47.4%,多年生阔叶草2.5%,豆科植物17,0%,菊科植物14.5%,1年生禾草为11.7%,多年生禾草为1.9%,十字花科植物3.7%,伞形科植物1,4%。在空间上,总幼苗密度、物种丰富度和物种多样性等显示出重要的微生境差异,开阔地区域具有最大的幼苗密度、物种丰富度和物种多样性;3个微生境的幼苗出现不是同步的,微生境影响种子萌发的时间分布格局,灌丛下种子萌发具有滞后现象;大多数功能群的幼苗密度分布基本上具有显著的微生境差异,主要物种的幼苗分布也具有显著的微生境差异。雨量和萌发的幼苗数量间未发现显著的关系。  相似文献   
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The present experiments attempt to find the meridian phenomenon and how the needle feeling propagates along the given meridian channels. The neurobiological mechanisms of the meridian were studied with neuroelectrical recording from the motor neurons and CB-HRP retrograde histochemistry technique in both rats and cats. The results demonstrated that most, but not all, of alpha motor neurons supplying a muscle group of a given meridian were selectively activated by afferent inputs originating not only from homonymous or heterogeneous, but synergistic muscle, but also from the skin nerve overlying the muscle group of the homonymous meridian. However, the afferent inputs from the heterogeneous meridian have very weak or no effect. On the other hand, the labeled motor neurons supplying a given meridian muscles form a discrete longitudinal column with a definite bound in the lateral ventral horn. There are oriented dendro-dendristes projections between the labeled motor neurons.The characteristics of both sel  相似文献   
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Abstract The composition of cuticular hydrocarbons of different colonies of the fungus-growing termite Macrotermes falciger shows considerable intercolonial variation. Ordination, as well as cluster analyses, separate profiles into three distinct chemical phenotypes. Behavioural tests with major workers reveal no alarm behaviour or mortality in pairings of workers from the same colony but a full range from no alarm to overt aggression, with associated death, when individuals were paired from different colonies. The level of mortality increases with differences in the composition of cuticular hydrocarbons between colonies. However, no mortality occurs in pairings of individuals from neighbouring colonies belonging to different phenotypes. The data thus provide evidence for a 'neighbour–stranger' effect (so-called 'dear-enemy' phenomenon) in termites.  相似文献   
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