中国燕麦种质资源国外引种与利用

综述了中国从国外引进燕麦种质资源及其利用情况。经过长期努力,中国从28个国家引进29个物种的燕麦种质资源共计2099份,大大增加了中国燕麦种质资源的数量,丰富了中国保存燕麦种质资源的物种和遗传多样性。与此同时,利用国外燕麦种质资源改良和培育出了一批优良品种,极大地提高了中国燕麦生产水平。利用引进的燕麦野生资源,开展了燕麦种质创新、起源进化和遗传学研究,取得了显著进展。建议继续加强国外燕麦种质资源的引进,对野生燕麦进行深入鉴定评价和利用,同时加强燕麦种质资源国际合作研究。     

国内涉及非圈养猕猴的旅游区现状调查

猕猴（Macaca mulatta）是自然分布最广泛的非人灵长类,因其行为多样且表情丰富,不仅是动物园和野生动物园等处常见的观赏动物,亦是诸多旅游区的重要观赏资源。近年来,国内不时有引入猕猴开展旅游活动的相关新闻报道,但猕猴相关旅游现状尚不清楚。本研究以“猕猴”和“旅游”“景区”“保护区”及“森林公园”等为关键词,利用“百度”搜索引擎进行检索,检索时间设为2000年1月至2021年10月,提取包括猕猴观赏地的行政区域、类别、猕猴来源和状态、引入猕猴年份和数量等信息,旨在了解国内猕猴观赏旅游现状,为猕猴资源保护与管理提供依据。结果表明：1）共检索到164处猕猴观赏区,分布于全国20个省级行政区,冠以“景区”“森林公园”“保护区”和“旅游区”的地区分别有97、36、20和11处;2）猕猴自然分布的观赏区有105处,明确为引入猕猴的有53处,而来源不详的有6处,其中,北京、山东、江苏及河北的23处观赏区内猕猴均为人为引入;3）20世纪80和90年代便有地区开始引入猕猴,2005年至2010年引入猕猴的观赏区最多,达16处;4）在已知的引入猕猴观赏区中,仅13处有明确的猴源输出地,其中包括3处引自猕猴来源较复杂的河南新野猕猴繁殖场。本研究提示,国内猕猴观赏活动在一定程度上改变了猕猴的自然分布格局。建议野生动物管理部门对涉及猕猴观赏项目建立分级审批制度,尤其是针对引入猕猴开展旅游活动的项目应先开展生态安全评估。     

如何上好“绪论”第一课：以“普通植物病理学”课程为例

“绪论”是高校所有课程的第一课,上好“绪论”第一课可第一时间在学生心中播下对该门学科的使命感、进取心和责任心的“种子”。作者通过多年的教学研究与实践,认为“绪论”教学的首要目的是激发学生的好奇心和求知欲,点燃学生的进取心和紧迫感,进而喜欢和会学这门课程。为达到上述教学目的,我们构建了“绪论”第一课授课内容、方法与目的三者相吻合的教学模式：首先,采用生动有趣和灵活多样的手段导入情景和实物,并设问;随后通过循循善诱和启迪独立思考,师生共同探究和感悟该学科属性、形成发展历史、目前研究现状及未来发展前景,以及教与学的目的、任务和方法等,从而让学生树立上进心和责任心,增强学好该课程的决心和信心。本文以普通植物病理学课程为例,展示了采用“绪论”第一课的教学模式开展的教学过程。多年的教学实践证明,“绪论”第一课教学模式导入的“绪论”内容规范、系统、全面、与教学目标相契合。并且,其内涵丰富、可操作性强、实施效果好,对提高教学质量十分奏效,适合推广应用。     

基于体积分类库的蛋白质亚细胞定位识别（英文）

This paper establishes the nucleus,cytoplasm,cell membrane and extracellular four database based on the protein subcellular localization,and uses the IDQD method to predict the subcellular localization of the four libraries.     

Differences between single and paired heifers in residency in functional areas, length of travel path, and area used throughout days 1–6 after integration into a free stall dairy herd

The integration of heifers into free stall dairy herds is a frequent management procedure, but little systematic research has been conducted on its effect on cow behavior. Previous studies mainly focused on aggressive interactions, but it is also of interest how integration affects the spatial distribution of both the cows in the herd and the integrated heifers. In the present study we integrated a single and a pair of heifers on each of six Swiss working farms in a balanced order. Using an automatic tracking system, we recorded the positions of all the cows and of the integrated heifers at 1 min intervals for six continuous 24 h periods. From these data we calculated the proportion of time the animals spent in the activity area, at the feed rack and in the lying cubicles, their average path length and the area of the barn that they used. We then compared the behavior of the integrated heifers with that of the cows in the introductory weeks. We also compared the behavior of the cows recorded in the control weeks directly preceding the integration and in the introductory weeks. For evaluation we used linear mixed-effects models. Singly integrated heifers spent a higher proportion of time in the activity area (0.29 vs. 0.14; P < 0.001) and a lower proportion of time in the lying area (0.40 vs. 0.53; interaction with day, P = 0.011) than the cows, whereas the heifers of the pairs mainly spent a lower proportion of time in the feeding area than the cows (0.23 vs. 0.32; interaction with day, P = 0.044). Average path length was longer for the integrated heifers soon after introduction but approached the values of the cows later on (interaction with day, P = 0.012). The total barn area used by a given animal was largest in the cows and was reduced in heifers integrated singly or in pairs (cows: 341/373 m², pairs: 306 m², single heifer: 333 m²; P = 0.055). Cows were little influenced in their space use by the integration of a single or pair of heifers. In summary, the behavior of the singly integrated heifers differed more markedly from that of the cows than the behavior of the heifers introduced in pairs during the introductory week. We would therefore recommend integrating pairs rather than single heifers into herds of dehorned dairy cows to ease their integration.     

The North-American amphipods, Melita nitida Smith, 1873 and Incisocalliope aestuarius (Watling and Maurer, 1973) (Crustacea: Amphipoda: Gammaridea), introduced to the Western Scheldt estuary (The Netherlands)

The American amphipod species Melita nitida andIncisocalliope aestuarius have been found in the WesternScheldt estuary (the Netherlands). This is the first record of these species inthe north-east Atlantic. Shipping is the most likely vector of introduction.Thedistribution of both species is investigated and compared with the distributionand the microhabitat of co-occurring amphipod species. Melitanitida is known from both the east and west coast of North Americaand I. aestuarius originates from the east coast of NorthAmerica. Until now neither has been reported from other parts of the world. Inthe Netherlands both species are restricted to the mesohaline part of theWestern Scheldt. Melita nitida occurs predominantly underPacific oysters at the underside of boulders, mainly sublittorally.Incisocalliope aestuarius is associated to hydrozoans.Bothmicrohabitats are hardly utilized by other amphipod species. Therefore, thetheory that the existence of many empty niches in north-western Europeanbrackish waters make this environment particularly susceptible to invasions ofalien species is corroborated. The application of hard substrates in a regionoriginally predominated by soft bottoms moreover facilitates the introductionofexotic species. The species community on hard substrates in the mesohaline partof the Western Scheldt contains a high proportion of introduced species:approximately one third of the macrofauna species is of allochthonous origin.     

买麻藤科植物研究进展

买麻藤科植物是裸子植物中唯一的藤本植物,具有重要的理论研究和应用开发价值.全世界仅1属约40种,中国发现9种,分布于亚洲、非洲和南美洲的热带和亚热带地区;在理论研究方面,该科系统进化位置特殊,形态结构、化学成分和分子水平上的研究存在很大争议,仍没有解决其在裸子植物与被子植物间所处的进化位置;在应用研究方面,该科既是传统中药又富含芪类、生物碱和黄酮等活性成分,而且果实和叶片可食用;然而,在引种、驯化及培育方面研究薄弱,阻碍了该科资源的开发和利用.本文从资源分布、理论与应用研究以及开发利用等方面综述了买麻藤科植物研究进展,将为今后国内深入开展该科植物的相关研究奠定基础.     

辽北地区农田防护林杨树新无性系的引进与优选

在辽宁省昌图县前双井镇以引进的6个无性系新品种杨树为材料,用乡土杨富杂Ⅱ号为对照作栽培比较试验,观察其生长量,抗寒性,感病性,感虫性等指标,用评分法评价各种综合表现的优劣。结果表明,N－119杨各项指标明显地超过对照,并优于其它品种,可扩大栽培,赛路杨生长量明显地超过本地乡土杨,且感病性,抗寒性等方面等于或接近对照,有一定的引种价值。     

刺梨低海拔引种栽培研究初报

1993年2月从保靖县梅花乡海拔300m高的山地引进了一批大果形的刺梨枝条,在低海拔（45.5m）扦插繁殖,经过4个的栽培试验初步弄清了其物候期、结果习性及果实生长动态,为选育适应低海拔栽培的刺梨优良品种提供了科学依据。     

美国甜糯玉米引种观察初报

报道了3个美国甜糯玉米(Zea mays L.)品种在广州种植的性状表现情况,对其生长发育规律和适应性进行了调查,并就它们的进一步选育和利用作出了评价和分析.结果表明所引进的3个甜糯玉米品种能较好地适应广州地区高温高湿的气候条件,无检疫性病虫害,抗倒性能强,品质优良.品种Early Sunglow生育期短,较对照种超甜9501提前18 d 收获鲜穗,但产量比对照低21.2%; Kandy Corn与 Peaches & Cream从播种至收获鲜苞所需时间比超甜9501早14 d,但鲜穗产量分别比对照低15.9%和17.9%.我们认为所引进的3个甜糯玉米品种是值得进一步选育利用的优异种质资源,可作育种的基础材料或进行遗传改良, 可望选育出适合广东省及华南地区种植的优良甜糯玉米新品种.