华蟾素注射液联合全身化疗治疗中晚期乳腺癌的临床效果分析

目的:探讨华蟾素注射液联合全身化疗治疗中晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择我科收治的81例中晚期乳腺癌患者并将其随机分为两组,联合组(40例)采用华蟾素注射液联合全身化疗给予治疗,化疗组(41例)单纯给予化疗治疗。治疗后3个月,评价和比较两组的近期和远期疗效,生活质量的改善情况以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后3个月,联合组治疗有效率明显高于化疗组(P0.05)。截至目前,联合组平均生存期为15个月,化疗组为10个月,两组差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合组的生活质量提高率明显高于化疗组(P0.05)。骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应为两组主要的不良反应,联合组胃肠道反应的发生率明显低于化疗组(P0.05)。结论:华蟾素联合全身化疗对中晚期乳腺癌具有较好的近期治疗效果,并能改善患者的生活质量,且毒副反应较少。     

大鼠脊髓中的α受体在减压反射和失血性休克中的作用

大鼠脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射α激动剂可乐宁1μg,引起血压降低、心率减慢及腹腔神经节后交感神经干放电抑制。应用α阻断剂酚妥拉明阻断脊髓内源性 NE的作用,可部分抑制血压升高时反射性的心率减慢和交感神经放电抑制反应,使压力感受器反射的敏感性降低。在颈动脉放血造成不可逆性失血性休克的动物,脊髓蛛网膜下腔注射酚妥拉明可使动脉血压有一定程度的回升。以上结果表明,由脊髓α受体调制的心血管抑制效应参与减压反射以及失血性休克的发病机制。     

阴部神经痛的解剖学基础及治疗进展

阴部神经痛是发生于会阴部阴部神经支配区域的烧灼样,电击样,针刺样疼痛,是典型的神经病理性疼痛,其目前的患病率尚未准确统计、诊断和治疗均比较困难,患者长期遭受精神和身体上的双重折磨、生活质量低下。阴部神经常与阴部血管伴行共同走行于阴部神经管内,可分为三个主要的分支,即直肠下神经,会阴神经和阴茎/阴蒂背神经。不同分支病变将会导致不同部位的疼痛。其治疗方法目前主要包括保守治疗、阴部神经阻滞、阴部神经外科减压以及神经调控。本文就阴部神经解剖结构,阴部神经痛病因和临床表现,诊断及其治疗进展做一简要综述。     

Differential Effects of Tachykinins Injected Intranigrally on Striatal Dopamine Metabolism

The effects of intranigral injection of kassinin, eledoisin, and substance P on striatal dopamine (DA) and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylacetic acid (DOPAC) contents as well as circling behavior were studied in rats. Kassinin and eledoisin produced a marked dose-dependent increase of DOPAC concentrations in the ipsilateral striatum, as well as in the number of contralateral circlings. Substance P produced a similar but weaker effect. At the larger dose (5 nmol), the three tachykinins also induced an increase of DA concentrations in the ipsilateral striatum. The rank order of activity was kassinin greater than eledoisin greater than substance P. These results suggest that tachykinins stimulated the nigro-striatal dopaminergic system by accelerating the dopamine metabolism in striatum.     

An Improved Boosting to Amplify Signal with Isobaric Labeling (iBASIL) Strategy for Precise Quantitative Single-cell Proteomics

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Highlights

• •Higher AGC significantly improves quantitation quality in single-cell analysis.
• •The boosting-to-sample ratio should be carefully evaluated and optimized.
• •iBASIL allows for precise quantitation of 1,500 proteins from 104 AML single cells.
• •iBASIL recapitulates major biological differences in different AML single cells.

     

Methanol determination in Pichia pastoris cultures by flow injection analysis

An automated reverse flow injection analysis (r-FIA) system using stop-flow technique for quantifying methanol based on the enzymatic reactions of alcohol oxidase and peroxidase was developed. The system permitted methanol analysis in a linear range of 0.006-0.1 g methanol l^–1 without external dilution, and with a sampling frequency of 12 analyses per hour, with a relative standard deviation of 1.16%. The analyser was validated analysing samples from a Pichia pastoris fermentation producing a heterologous protein.     

Flow injection–chemiluminescence determination of acyclovir

The chemiluminescence (CL) reaction of acyclovir (ACV)–potassium permanganate, with formaldehyde as an enhancer, was investigated by the flow‐injection system, and a new method is reported for the determination of ACV on the basis of the reaction. The method is rapid, effective and simple for the determination of acyclovir in the range 0.2–80 mg/L, with a limit of detection of 0.06 mg/L (3 S:N), a relative standard deviation (RSD) of 3.7% for the determination of 1.0 mg/L acyclovir solution in 11 repeated measurements. The method has been applied to the determination of acyclovir in pharmaceuticals, with satisfactory results. The possible reaction mechanism is also discussed briefly. Copyright © 2011 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Minimally-invasive Technique for Injection into Rat Optic Nerve

The rat optic nerve is a useful model for stem cell regeneration research. Direct injection into the rat optic nerve allows delivery into the central nervous system in a minimally-invasive surgery without bone removal. This technique describes an approach to visualization and direct injection of the optic nerve following minor fascial dissection from the orbital ridge, using a conjunctival traction suture to gently pull the eye down and out. Representative examples of an injected optic nerve show successful injection of dyed beads.     

Aspects Affecting Biosynthesis and Biotransformation of Secondary Metabolites in Plant Cell Cultures

Abstract

Biosensors are useful analytical devices that can be integrated with on-line process monitoring schemes. In this article, the principles and applications of these devices for bioprocess monitoring are considered. Several different types of biosensors are described, and the applications and limitations of flow injection analysis (FIA) for these applications are discussed. It is hoped that the background provided here can be useful to researchers in this area.     

Acute effect of substance P in immunologic vasculitis in the rat colon

Substance P has been implicated as a neuronal mediator of inflammation in various inflammatory conditions. However, the exact role played by substance P in inflammatory bowel diseases or in experimental colonic vasculitis has not been clearly understood. In this study, we examined the effect of close superior mesenteric artery injection of substance P under prevailing inflammatory conditions induced by intravenous human albumin antialbumin immune complex followed by intracolonic perfusion of 2.5% formaldehyde in rats or intracolonic perfusion of 5% alcohol alone. The immune complex- and formaldehyde-treated rats showed severe microvascular changes such as microvascular plugging by red blood cells, endothelial breakage and extravasation of plasma proteins and red blood cells. The bolus injection of 10⁻⁸ M substance P reduced extravasation of Evans blue dye by 50% and the tissue wet to dry ratio by 20% in immune complex- and formaldehyde-perfused rats. Myeloperoxidase activity was not changed. Substance P also significantly inhibited (44%) the extravasation in alcohol-perfused rats. Pretreatment of immune complex- and formaldehyde-treated rats with substance P antagonist reversed the effect of substance P. These findings suggest that the most immediate effect of substance P may be vasodilation and clearing of vascular plugs induced by immune complex and formaldehyde. This effect of substance P differs from its chronic effect, which causes vasodilation and extravasation.