利用InDel标记分析中国香菇菌株的遗传多样性与群体结构

通过对5个香菇菌株重测序,以香菇L808-1菌株的全基因组序列为参考基因组,分析了这些菌株中插入/缺失（InDel）标记位点在香菇基因组10条染色体上的分布,并筛选了插入/缺失碱基数≥15的位点,合成了449对InDel标记引物。经过PCR和电泳检测,其中237对引物条带清晰。最终筛选出107个PIC≥0.3的标记作为核心InDel标记对来自国内的44份香菇菌株进行遗传多样性分析。聚类分析显示栽培菌株和野生菌株各自聚为一支,所选香菇菌株间存在明显的群体分层。群体结构分析显示香菇种质资源可分为4个亚群,主成分分析显示香菇菌株之间的位置及距离与聚类分析和群体结构分析结果相符。香菇InDel分子标记的开发与应用,为香菇核心种质的构建和种质资源育种引用提供了基础。     

基因组测序分析广叶绣球菌SP-A菌株的遗传差异

广叶绣球菌Sparassis latifolia是一种极具开发潜力的食药用真菌,新品种的选育是其产业发展的迫切需求。绣球菌新品种‘SP-A'是福建省农业科学院选育的绣球菌工厂化栽培新品种,但由于缺少基因组信息,严重阻碍了其相关基础研究。本研究利用高通量测序技术,对‘SP-A'全基因组进行测序,获得了1.58Gb高质量测序数据,Q30达到95.55%。与‘闽绣1号'参考基因组平均比对率为76.86%,平均覆盖深度为28X,基因组覆盖度为93.51%,共检测到273 587个单核苷酸多态位点,40 772个小片段插入缺失位点,这些变异共导致了7 954个基因变异。研究初步揭示了‘SP-A'的基因组特征,为相关分子标记筛选及辅助育种、遗传分析和功能基因克隆提供了重要的分子标记资源。     

设施化专用香菇种质资源挖掘

以香菇L808菌株基因组序列为参照,开发了300份插入/缺失(InDel)标记。通过5个菌株的初筛,选出均匀分布于基因组的82份多态标记对42份香菇种质资源进行遗传背景分析。同时在设施化栽培条件下考察了种质资源的生育期、菌棒转色、菌棒硬度、现蕾期和产量等表型。结果表明：供试香菇种质资源的遗传多样性丰富,栽培菌株与野生菌株的遗传距离较远,遗传相似性系数平均值为0.51。群体结构分析将种质资源分为6个亚群,与基于遗传距离的系统聚类结果较为一致。亚群间菌株具有较远的亲缘关系,遗传分化指数平均值为0.290,适合用于杂交育种。表型结果显示,设施化栽培条件下的种质资源农艺性状分化程度高,亚群间菌株的生育期、现蕾期和产量均有显著差异。种质资源多样性分析结果为香菇杂交育种工作奠定了基础。     

Molecular characterization of two y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunit alleles 1Ay12 and 1Ay8 from cultivated einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum)

Two y-type high molecular weight glutenin subunits (HMW-GSs) 1Ay12^? and 1Ay8^? from the two accessions PI560720 and PI345186 of cultivated einkorn wheat (Triticum monococcum ssp. monococcum, AA, 2n = 2x = 14), were identified by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). The mobility of 1Ay12^? and 1Ay8^? was similar to that of 1Dy12 and 1By8 from common wheat Chinese Spring, respectively. Their ORFs respectively consisted of 1812 bp and 1935 bp, encoding 602 and 643 amino acid residues with the four typical structural domains of HMW-GS including signal peptide, conserved N-, and C-terminal and central repetitive domains. Compared with the most similar active 1Ay alleles previous published, there were a total of 15 SNPs and 2 InDels in them. Their encoding functions were confirmed by successful heterogeneous expression. The two novel 1Ay alleles were named as 1Ay12^? and 1Ay8^? with the accession No. JQ318694 and JQ318695 in GenBank, respectively. The two alleles were classed into the two distinct groups, Phe-type and Cys-type, which might be relevant to the differentiation of Glu-A1-2 alleles. Of which, 1Ay8^? belonged to Cys-type group, and its protein possessed an additional conserved cysteine residue in central repetitive region besides the six common ones in N- and C-terminal regions of Phe-type group, and was the second longest in all the known active 1Ay alleles. These results suggested that the subunit 1Ay8^? of cultivated einkorn wheat accession PI345186 might have a potential ability to strengthen the gluten polymer interactions and be a valuable genetic resource for wheat quality improvement.     

Massively parallel sequencing of Chikso (Korean brindle cattle) to discover genome-wide SNPs and InDels

Since the completion of the bovine sequencing projects, a substantial number of genetic variations such as single nucleotide polymorphisms have become available across the cattle genome. Recently, cataloguing such genetic variations has been accelerated using massively parallel sequencing technology. However, most of the recent studies have been concentrated on European Bos taurus cattle breeds, resulting in a severe lack of knowledge for valuable native cattle genetic resources worldwide. Here, we present the first whole-genome sequencing results for an endangered Korean native cattle breed, Chikso, using the Illumina HiSeq 2,000 sequencing platform. The genome of a Chikso bull was sequenced to approximately 25.3-fold coverage with 98.8% of the bovine reference genome sequence (UMD 3.1) covered. In total, 5,874,026 single nucleotide polymorphisms and 551,363 insertion/deletions were identified across all 29 autosomes and the X-chromosome, of which 45% and 75% were previously unknown, respectively. Most of the variations (92.7% of single nucleotide polymorphisms and 92.9% of insertion/deletions) were located in intergenic and intron regions. A total of 16,273 single nucleotide polymorphisms causing missense mutations were detected in 7,111 genes throughout the genome, which could potentially contribute to variation in economically important traits in Chikso. This study provides a valuable resource for further investigations of the genetic mechanisms underlying traits of interest in cattle, and for the development of improved genomics-based breeding tools.     

Development of EST-based SNP and InDel markers and their utilization in tetraploid cotton genetic mapping

Background

Availability of molecular markers has proven to be an efficient tool in facilitating progress in plant breeding, which is particularly important in the case of less researched crops such as cotton. Considering the obvious advantages of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) and insertion-deletion polymorphisms (InDels), expressed sequence tags (ESTs) were analyzed in silico to identify SNPs and InDels in this study, aiming to develop more molecular markers in cotton.

Results

A total of 1,349 EST-based SNP and InDel markers were developed by comparing ESTs between Gossypium hirsutum and G. barbadense, mining G. hirsutum unigenes, and analyzing 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR) sequences. The marker polymorphisms were investigated using the two parents of the mapping population based on the single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP) analysis. Of all the markers, 137 (10.16%) were polymorphic, and revealed 142 loci. Linkage analysis using a BC₁ population mapped 133 loci on the 26 chromosomes. Statistical analysis of base variations in SNPs showed that base transitions accounted for 55.78% of the total base variations and gene ontology indicated that cotton genes varied greatly in harboring SNPs ranging from 1.00 to 24.00 SNPs per gene. Sanger sequencing of three randomly selected SNP markers revealed discrepancy between the in silico predicted sequences and the actual sequencing results.

Conclusions

In silico analysis is a double-edged blade to develop EST-SNP/InDel markers. On the one hand, the designed markers can be well used in tetraploid cotton genetic mapping. And it plays a certain role in revealing transition preference and SNP frequency of cotton genes. On the other hand, the developmental efficiency of markers and polymorphism of designed primers are comparatively low.

Electronic supplementary material

The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-1046) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.     

Comparative whole genome analysis of six diagnostic brucellaphages

Whole genome sequencing of six diagnostic brucellaphages, Tbilisi (Tb), Firenze (Fz), Weybridge (Wb), S708, Berkeley (Bk) and R/C, was followed with genomic comparisons including recently described genomes of the Tb phage from Mexico (Tb_M) and Pr phage to elucidate genomic diversity and candidate host range determinants. Comparative whole genome analysis revealed high sequence homogeneity among these brucellaphage genomes and resolved three genetic groups consistent with defined host range phenotypes. Group I was composed of Tb and Fz phages that are predominantly lytic for Brucella abortus and Brucella neotomae; Group II included Bk, R/C, and Pr phages that are lytic mainly for B. abortus, Brucella melitensis and Brucella suis; Group III was composed of Wb and S708 phages that are lytic for B. suis, B. abortus and B. neotomae. We found that the putative phage collar protein is a variable locus with features that may be contributing to the host specificities exhibited by different brucellaphage groups. The presence of several candidate host range determinants is illustrated herein for future dissection of the differential host specificity observed among these phages.     

基于InDel标记的国内绿豆品种遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建

绿豆是一种抗逆性强、适应性广的作物。本研究选取19个多态性丰富、条带稳定的InDel标记用于42个绿豆参试品种的遗传多样性分析及指纹图谱构建。19个InDel标记有效等位变异数介于1.0998～1.9955之间,平均为1.750;期望杂合度变幅0.0918～0.5049,平均值是0.421;Nei′s基因多样性指数变幅0.0907～0.4989,平均值为0.416。多态性信息含量变幅0.0866～0.3744,0.25InDel标记平均PIC为0.325。利用UPGMA构建42份绿豆主栽品种的聚类树状图,在遗传相似系数为0.522的阈值处可将42个绿豆品种(系)分为2大类群,遗传分析说明绿豆主栽品种基本已脱离地域的影响。利用19个InDel标记电泳结果,构建了42个绿豆主栽品种的DNA指纹图谱,可以将上述绿豆品种准确区分。本研究中的InDel标记带型简单易读,适宜绿豆DNA指纹图谱构建和绿豆品种真伪鉴定,为绿豆名优品种保护、原产地溯源管理等提供科学依据。     

Species-specific PCR-based marker for rapid detection of Aspidiotus rigidus Reyne (Hemiptera: Diaspididae)

The Philippine coconut production has been greatly affected by the recent devastating infestation of Aspidiotus spp. However, identification of the outbreak species, Aspidotus rigidus, has been a challenge using morphological approaches. Molecular identification via PCR sequencing of insect barcoding genes has been implemented, but the overall process is time-consuming and costly. Thus, we developed and optimized a species-specific PCR-based molecular marker for rapid, efficient and cost-effective molecular identification of A. rigidus. The molecular marker was designed based on the sequences of the partial 28S ribosomal RNA gene from species of Aspidiotus that feed on coconut in the Philippines, A. rigidus, A. destructor and A. excisus. Multiple alignment of nucleotide sequences revealed a conserved 16-bp insertion-deletion (InDel) site common to all A. rigidus specimens identified from which the A. rigidus-specific oligonucleotide (RIG1) primer targeting an approximately 570 bp fragment size was designed. Results showed that the species-specific DNA marker technology consistently delineated laboratory-reared and field-collected A. rigidus samples from A. destructor and A. excisus. The protocol offers a rapid and reliable method for the early detection of A. rigidus infestation in high-risk areas planted with coconut in the country.