Simultaneous determination of Zn,Cd, Pb,and Cu in urine of patients with blackfoot disease using anodic stripping voltammetry

Blackfoot disease (BFD) is an endemic peripheral vascular disorder resulting in gangrene of the lower extremities, especially the feet, among residents in a limited area on the southwest coast of Taiwan. In the present study, the concentrations of zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper in urine of BFD patients with matched normal controls are investigated by differential pulse anodic stripping voltammetry (DPASV) on a hanging mercury drop electrode (HMDE). The analytical results indicate that urinary copper, cadmium, and lead of the BFD patients are significantly higher than those of the controls. In addition, the patients showed a significantly lower concentration of zinc in the urine than the normal controls. The possible connection of these elements with the etiology of the disease is discussed.     

A catalog of bird specimens associated with Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied and potential type material in the natural history collection in Wiesbaden

Bird specimens collected by 19^th century explorer and ornithologist Prince Maximilian of Wied-Neuwied form one of the foundation collections of the American Museum of Natural History in New York. However, parts of his collection remained in Germany and came to the Museum Wiesbaden. Since Wied described numerous new species without designating types, some of these specimens might be type material. Here we present a catalog of the 30 Wiesbaden specimens associated with him and discuss their potential type status. We conclude that 17 individuals in 11 species are potential type specimens that should be considered in future taxonomic work.     

馆藏植物标本与iFlora

构建准确、有效的物种遗传信息库并运用其作为主要的物种鉴定检索数据库,是新一代植物志（iFlora）与传统植物志的本质区别。采集并准确鉴定数以万计的植物样品用于建立遗传信息库存在一定困难,随着遗传信息获取技术的快速发展,使馆藏植物标本成为获取遗传信息的重要补充,并具有提升遗传信息库建设速度和可靠性的较大潜能。本文结合已有的研究和实验室多年工作实践,论述了植物标本作为iFlora物种遗传信息提取材料的可行性和不可替代性;总结了标本遗传信息提取过程中的主要困难和存在问题,并提出一些解决方法;阐述了使用馆藏标本特别是利用模式标本材料构建遗传信息标准库对iFlora构建的重要作用和意义。     

浅部真菌病1948份临床标本的真菌学分析

目的 通过对浅部真菌病患者临床送检标本的病原真菌菌种进行系统分析,了解感染及病原真菌的分布情况。方法 采用直接镜检、培养及真菌鉴定等方法对临床送验标本进行检验和鉴定,大部分标本鉴定到种。结果 1948份临床送验标本中,直接涂片镜检阳性率53．41％,培养阳性率40．28％,而镜检＋培养的阳性率为66．98％。对上述3种方法的真菌检出率进行比较,均存在显著差异（χ^2检验P均〈0．005）。在培养的1944份标本中,共分离出18个属,36种真菌,其中,红色毛癣菌24．52％、须癣毛癣菌16．48％、白念珠菌12．64％。结论 ①镜检结合培养的阳性率显著高于单一的镜检或培养的阳性率。②在患者即时的真菌镜检阴性时,应选择培养方法进一步检测,不轻易排除浅部真菌病感染可能。③皮肤癣菌居患者浅部真菌病致病菌首位,而白念珠菌及酵母类菌也是重要病原菌。     

Ready-to-use DNA extracted with a CTAB method adapted for herbarium specimens and mucilaginous plant tissue

This report summarizes major changes in previously published protocols for DNA extraction to improve the quality of DNA extracted from plants. Here, we highlight the critical modifications in the original protocols. The efficiency of these changes results in high-quality DNA ready to use in a variety of phytogenetically distant plant families, in particular species with mucopolysaccharides. The DNA obtained can be used without further purification in various molecular biology assays, including direct sequencing and AFLP and RAPD (random-amplified polymorphic DNA) analyses. The effectiveness of this method is proven by the amplification and sequencing of PCR products of up to 1 kb with DNA extracted from herbarium tissue ≥60 years old. This versatility is not usually found in DNA extraction protocols. In addition, this method is quick, adaptable to standard laboratories, and most important, safer and more cost-effective.     

混合甲醛固定液固定大肠癌淋巴结标本的最佳免疫组化效果研究

目的:探讨混合甲醛固定液固定大肠癌淋巴结标本的最佳免疫组化效果。方法:采用不同pH值(6.0、7.0、8.0)的混合甲醛固定液对39枚大肠癌淋巴结标本进行不同时间(6 h、6 h-12 h、1 d-7 d)的固定处理。以细胞角蛋白20(CK20)为目标抗原,运用OIympusdp 70图像采集分析仪抽选出混合甲醛固定液最佳免疫组化染色的pH值及固定时间。结果:经pH值为7.0混合甲醛固定液处理后,阳性率为92.31%,高于经pH值为6.0、8.0的混合甲醛固定液处理后的76.92%、74.36%,且经pH值为7.0、8.0处理后的阳性率比较有统计差异(P0.05)。混合甲醛固定液的固定时间在6 h-12 h时的阳性率为94.87%,高于固定时间为6 h、1 d-7 d处理的30.77%、76.92%(P0.05)。结论:对于大肠癌淋巴结标本,以CK20为目标抗原,选择pH值为7.0的混合甲醛固定液固定6 h-12 h能够得到质量较佳的免疫组化染色效果。     

Museum specimens provide reliable SNP data for population genomic analysis of a widely distributed but threatened cockatoo species

Natural history museums harbour a plethora of biological specimens which are of potential use in population and conservation genetic studies. Although technical advancements in museum genomics have enabled genome‐wide markers to be generated from aged museum specimens, the suitability of these data for robust biological inference is not well characterized. The aim of this study was to test the utility of museum specimens in population and conservation genomics by assessing the biological and technical validity of single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) data derived from such samples. To achieve this, we generated thousands of SNPs from 47 red‐tailed black cockatoo (Calyptorhychus banksii) traditional museum samples (i.e. samples that were not collected with the primary intent of DNA analysis) and 113 fresh tissue samples (cryopreserved liver/muscle) using a restriction site‐associated DNA marker approach (DArTseq^?). Thousands of SNPs were successfully generated from most of the traditional museum samples (with a mean age of 44 years, ranging from 5 to 123 years), although 38% did not provide useful data. These SNPs exhibited higher error rates and contained significantly more missing data compared with SNPs from fresh tissue samples, likely due to considerable DNA fragmentation. However, based on simulation results, the level of genotyping error had a negligible effect on inference of population structure in this species. We did identify a bias towards low diversity SNPs in older samples that appears to compromise temporal inferences of genetic diversity. This study demonstrates the utility of a RADseq‐based method to produce reliable genome‐wide SNP data from traditional museum specimens.     

贵州师范大学植物标本室的历史与沿革

自2017年参加“国家标本资源共享平台”植物子平台以来,贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院植物标本室除了数字化植物标本以外,还挖掘、整理了贵州师范大学植物分类学、植物地理学的建设和发展历程。经过3年的艰苦努力,最后向中国数字植物标本馆(CVH)提供了10 044份信息齐全的植物标本。通过此次植物标本数字化工作,彻底摸清了贵州师范大学地理与环境科学学院植物标本的家底,盘活了标本室的库存,使得老一辈植物地理学家黄威廉等老先生60余年的科研成果重新展现在世人面前。通过植物标本的数字化工作,挖掘整理出老一辈精彩的植物标本采集史和学术故事。在标本数字化的过程中,学生和老师都对植物标本以及植物标本背后的故事有了新的认识,对植物标本数字化的重要性和必要性也有了更深的体会。     

高校新型植物标本馆的建立与发展——以河南农业大学植物标本馆为例

高校标本馆作为重要的科普和教学实践基地,是连接大学与社会的桥梁,在提升高校社会影响力和加快高校发展中起着重要作用。目前,高校标本馆普遍存在经费少和缺乏管理等问题。如何立足高校现状,有效解决标本采集和标本数字化过程中耗时耗力的难题,建设具有地方特色的新型植物标本馆,是高校标本馆建设关注的焦点之一。该文以河南农业大学植物标本馆新馆建设为例,介绍了河南农业大学标本馆成立以来,充分发挥高校的人力资源优势,让学生通过实验课或野外实习积极参与新型植物标本馆的建设,基本实现了标本采集、制作、鉴定和数字化的同步进行。在这一过程中,既有效锻炼了学生能力,加深了学生对植物形态的认识,发挥了植物标本馆在教学、科学研究及科学普及中的积极作用,又极大地丰富了标本馆馆藏量,有效地促进了高校新型植物标本馆的发展。