鹤山南亚热带草坡生态系统的热量平衡

本文以广东鹤山丘陵综合试验站草坡为研究对象,分析了鹤山南亚热带草坡的能量平衡特征,主要结果如下：1．辐射平衡的各分量中,蒸发散耗热占净辐射的74.7％,其年变化幅度较大;湍流热通量占净辐射的21．2％,其月变化没有明显的规律,波动较大,土壤热通量与其它分量相比,其比重要小得多。2．虽然鹤山年幅射量和降雨量较多,但水热条件有几个月配合欠佳,使得草坡的净辐射能有90％以上用于地面以上植被和空气湍流交换所消耗,小气候条件较差,影响了这一生态系统的生产潜力的发挥。3．太阳辐射透过大气层以后,仅有4775．2MJm-2a-1左右的辐射能到达草坡,草坡反射了822．5MJm-2a-1,其净幅射收人为2915．6MJm-2a-1,净辐射收人中又有2077．8MJm-2a-1用于蒸散作用,618.1MJm-2a-1用于湍流热交换,87．5MJm-2a-1用于土壤热交换,植被贮热约38.8MJm-2a-1;用于净光合作用耗热93．4MJm-2a-1。     

Are the characeae able to indicate the origin of groundwater in former river channels?

The macroscopic algae Characeae are usually assumed to occur in waterbodies supplied by groundwater with low phosphate content, but the indicative value of the species is seldom defined in bibliography. Former braided channels of the Rhône river are supplied with groundwater originating from the main channel (seepage) or from hillslope aquifer. The aim of the present paper was to determine if it possible to use the Characeae as indicators of physicochemical characteristies of water in order to assess the origin of groundwater supplying former river channels. Four former braided channels of the Rhône River colonized by Characeae were investigated, and the physico-chemical characteristics of i) the channels, ii) the groundwater and iii) the river were measured over a period of several months. Species are arranged along a gradient of conductivity, alkalinity, ammonium and phosphate content of the water. Charophyte species can indicate the origin of groundwater, either seepage or hillslope nutrient-poor aquifer, and integrate both the average value of the chemical parameter, and their variations. C. hispida occurs in a nutrient-poor channel mainly supplied by highly calcareous groundwater coming from hillslope aquifer. Chara major has requirements close to those of C. hispida, but is more tolerant to periodic inputs of nutrients. C. vulgaris and N. syncarpa both tolerate mesotrophic waters originating from both hillslope aquifer and seepage, and C. globularis is associated to a channel mainly supplied by mesotrophic to eutrophic river seepage.     

Variability in soil respiration across riparian-hillslope transitions

The spatial and temporal controls on soil CO₂ production and surface CO₂ efflux have been identified as outstanding gaps in our understanding of carbon cycling. We investigated both across two riparian-hillslope transitions in a subalpine catchment, northern Rocky Mountains, Montana. Riparian-hillslope transitions provide ideal locations for investigating the controls on soil CO₂ dynamics due to strong, natural gradients in the factors driving respiration, including soil water content (SWC) and soil temperature. We measured soil air CO₂ concentrations (20 and 50 cm), surface CO₂ efflux, soil temperature, and SWC at eight locations. We investigated (1) how soil CO₂ concentrations differed within and between landscape positions; (2) how the timing of peak soil CO₂ concentrations varied across riparian and hillslope zones; and (3) whether higher soil CO₂ concentrations necessarily resulted in higher efflux (i.e. did surface CO₂ efflux follow patterns of subsurface CO₂)? Soil CO₂ concentrations were significantly higher in the riparian zones, likely due to higher SWC. The timing of peak soil CO₂ concentrations also differed between riparian and hillslope zones, with highest hillslope concentrations near peak snowmelt and highest riparian concentrations during the late summer and early fall. Surface CO₂ efflux was relatively homogeneous at monthly timescales as a result of different combinations of soil CO₂ production and transport, which led to equifinality in efflux across the transects. However, efflux was 57% higher in the riparian zones when integrated to cumulative growing season efflux, and suggests higher riparian soil CO₂ production.     

鹤山南亚热带草坡生态系统的太阳辐射能环境

本文以鹤山丘陵综合试验站草坡为研究对象,分析了鹤山南亚热带草坡多年的辐射能环境．揭示了辐射与环境的关系,主要结果如下：１．全年抵达草坡的太阳总辐射约４７７５．２ＭＪｍ－２ａ－１,其中直接辐射为３１３４．１ＭＪｍ－２ａ－１,散射辐射为１４４１．１ＭＪｍ－２ａ－１．它们受太阳高度角、云量、大气透明系数和大气光学特性的影响较大．２．太阳总辐射、直射的月变化呈双峰曲线,５月和８月为峰值,２月和６月为谷值．３．全年草坡的反射辐射量为８２２．５ＭＪｍ－２ａ－１．群落的年均反射率为１７．２％,其月变化因入射光特性和群落的发育状况的不同而变化．４．草坡的净辐射力２９１５．６ＭＪｍ－２ａ－１,占总辐射的６１．１％．其最大值出现在５月,为３８０．２ＭＪｍ－２ａ－１,最低值出现在２月,为１２９．３ＭＪｍ－２ａ－１,７－９月比较稳定且值相对较高．５．群落发育成熟后,其对太阳辐射的截获能力很强．其透射率仅１７．２％,其冠层截获率为６５．４％．     

鄂尔多斯高原覆沙坡地植物群落格局

 地貌对植物群落的空间格局具有重要的影响,覆沙坡地是鄂尔多斯高原常见的地貌类型,定量分析覆沙坡地植物群落的分布格局,有助于理解植被与环境之间的关系和制定恢复土地退化的有力措施。本文研究了鄂尔多斯高原覆沙坡地的植物群落格局,结果表明,在坡地的中上部分布着以本氏针茅（Stipa bungeana）、冷蒿（Artemisia frigida）、北丝石竹（Gypsophila davurica）等物种为主的典型草原群落,而在坡地的中下部则分布着以油蒿（Artemisia ordosica）为主的沙生植物群落。DCA     

Formation of banded vegetation patterns resulted from interactions between sediment deposition and vegetation growth

This research investigates the formation of banded vegetation patterns on hillslopes affected by interactions between sediment deposition and vegetation growth. The following two perspectives in the formation of these patterns are taken into consideration: (a) increased sediment deposition from plant interception, and (b) reduced plant biomass caused by sediment accumulation. A spatial model is proposed to describe how the interactions between sediment deposition and vegetation growth promote self-organization of banded vegetation patterns. Based on theoretical and numerical analyses of the proposed spatial model, vegetation bands can result from a Turing instability mechanism. The banded vegetation patterns obtained in this research resemble patterns reported in the literature. Moreover, measured by sediment dynamics, the variation of hillslope landform can be described. The model predicts how treads on hillslopes evolve with the banded patterns. Thus, we provide a quantitative interpretation for coevolution of vegetation patterns and landforms under effects of sediment redistribution.