Evaluating regional water security through a freshwater ecosystem service flow model: A case study in Beijing-Tianjian-Hebei region,China

Freshwater ecosystem service is essential to human’s survival and development. Many studies have documented the spatial differences in the supply and demand of ecosystem services and proposed the concept of ecosystem services flows. However, few studies characterize freshwater ecosystem service flow quantitatively. Therefore, our paper aims to quantify the effects of freshwater ecosystem service flow on downstream areas. We developed a freshwater ecosystem service flow model and applied it in the Beijing–Tianjin–Hebei (BTH) region, China, for the year of 2000, 2005, and 2010. We assessed the regional water security with an improved freshwater security index by integrating freshwater service provision, consumption and flow; and found that most areas of the BTH region (69.2%) were affected by upstream freshwater flows. The areas achieving water security in the region also expanded to 66.9%, 66.1%, and 71.3%, which were 6.4%, 6.8% and 5.7% increments compared to no-flow situation, in 2000, 2005 and 2010, respectively. Setting quota for human water consumption is suggested to further improve water security. These results highlight the need to fully understand the connections between distant freshwater ecosystem service provision and local freshwater ecosystem service consumption. This approach may also help managers to choose more sustainable strategies for critical freshwater resource management across different regions.     

Response of instream animal communities to a short-term extreme event and to longer-term cumulative impacts in a strategic water resource area,South Africa

Disturbance plays an integral part in generating heterogeneity required for ecosystem persistence, but the increased amplitude and duration of disturbances linked to drivers of global change could result in ecosystem shifts or collapse. Biomonitoring over time provides insights into trajectories of ecosystem change. The responses of two instream animal taxa to two contrasting disturbance events, a major flood event and the long-term cumulative effects of land-use changes, were assessed in 1999–2012 by quantifying variation and change in abundance of functional groups based on flow rate sensitivity, water quality and metrics of ecological condition. All metrics recovered to pre-flood conditions within seven months after the flood event. Similarly, cumulative impacts of land use effected significant decreases in some but not all metrics. Indices that did not change, including SASS total score and ASPT, were the result of insufficient consideration of the decrease in the abundance of sensitive taxa specifically, and the abundance of all taxa in general. The decrease in abundance of sensitive taxa could signal imminent collapse in certain metrics. Evidence is also provided for a shift in the structure of fish assemblages linked to the decrease and loss of taxa sensitive to ecosystem degradation caused by the longer-term impacts of land-use change.     

云南菜食花植物资源与食花文化调查

为了摸清云南省菜食花植物资源种类、自然分布与食用地区、食用方法等土著知识,对云南省16个地州102个县(市)农贸市场、地方菜餐馆、民间食花者进行了访问调查,对菜食花植物进行了植物学实地鉴定。调查到云南省菜食花植物140种,隶属52科108属,其中木本植物82种,草本植物58种;人工栽培76种,人工驯化栽培14种,野生资源50种。首次报道苦绳(Dregea sinensis Hemsl.)、云南山楂(Crataegus scabrifolia(Franch.)Rehder)、滇海水仙花(Primula pseudodenticulata Pax)、长毛黄葵(Abelmoschus crinitus Wall.)、尖叶美容杜鹃(Rhododendron caloplytum var.openshawianum(Rehd.et Wils.)Chamb.)、大纽子花(Vallaris indecora(Baill.)Tsiang et P.T.Li)、大花虫豆(Cajanus grandiflorus(Benth.ex Baker)Maesen Vaniot der Maesen)、须弥葛(Pueraria wallichii DC.)、白花灯笼(Clerodendrum fortunatum L.)等9种植物的花可以做菜食用。菜食花植物自然分布区与食用地区并非完全重叠,食用地区一般分布有该植物,而分布有该植物的地区不一定食用;食用种类具有从南向北逐渐减少的特点,与食花植物丰富度和少数民族有一定的关系;食花习俗具有一定的民族性,主要体现食花的种类和烹饪口味上。不同菜食花食用的部位不同,烹饪方式也呈多样化。本文针对食用花传统文化的消失与野生菜食花资源的开发利用提出了相关建议。     

MIS3阶段以来黄骅北部地区潮坪地层中的微体生物群

依据渤海湾湾顶南侧、古黄河三角洲河北省黄骅市北部地区13个钻孔岩芯材料微体古生物学研究,以及地球化学背景、沉积构造分析,本文确定了自相当海洋氧同位素MIS3阶段以来中潮坪、高潮坪、淡水注入的潮坪、潮汐通道、分支河道及边滩、牛轭湖、贫营养湖、滨海湿地与富营养湖、泛滥平原一泛滥盆地等不同沉积地层中的微体生物(有孔虫、海相与非海相介形类)分布特征.在MIS3阶段高潮坪一低地沉积之后,河口与相邻低地依然持续或断续出现海相微体生物,个别钻孔中其分布甚至延续到末次盛冰期低海面地层中,但是基本都是广盐种和低盐种.这一现象与沿海构造沉降背景下河口位置长期向陆迁移,微体生物随短暂的强潮及突发的风暴潮搬运、甚至与风、水和鸟的搬运作用有关;远离古河道地点则无此现象.这些海侵事件与全球海面变化和古海面高度无关.与渤海湾顶北侧天津沿海相比,黄骅北部未见天津沿海确定的全新世早期潮下带砂质沉积单元,以及相应的微体生物群,应与当时天津沿海构造沉降速率较高有关.在三角洲与潮坪研究中,微体古生物学发挥了重要作用,而不仅是记述内容之一.     

甘肃黄芪属药用植物资源

目的:调查甘肃省黄芪属药用植物资源,为该属植物资源的开发利用提供科学依据.方法:深入甘肃各地进行实地调查、采集标本和分类鉴定,并查阅和核对主要标本馆的腊叶标本.结果:初步研究,甘肃省有13种1亚种药用黄芪属植物,记述了它们在省内的分布、生境和药用价值,并编制了检索表.结论:甘肃黄芪属植物资源丰富,有待进一步研究,开发利用.     

浙江中部地区野榧的调查

简述了浙江中部地区被称为"野榧"的植物,并非指一种植物,而是三尖杉、南方红豆杉、粗榧和野生榧树等几种植物.同时介绍了它们的叶与果实的主要区别;指出这些重要野生植物资源应加以保护.     

Serological detection of Sharka quarantine disease (Plum pox virus) on stone fruit trees in Golestan province

Sharka disease is one of the most damaging diseases of fruit trees in the world, which is caused by Plum pox virus (PPV) that belongs to the genus Potyvirus in the family Potyviridae. Each year, this virus decreases the yield and causes substantial economic damages to its host plants worldwide. This virus is quarantined in Iran but in recent years, suspicious symptoms of the disease were observed in different grown areas, such as Golestan province. During 2010, 420 samples with mosaic, chlorosis, necrosis, ring pattern, blotches, etc. symptoms were collected from the gardens in Golestan province that included 100 samples from plum, 100 from peach and 240 from nectarine. These samples were evaluated using a double-antibody sandwich-ELISA (DAS-ELISA) method and a polyclonal antibody. The results of this survey indicated that among the total of 420 samples, none of them showed positive reaction in DAS-ELISA test.     

Chinese plasma-derived products supply under the lot release management system in 2007–2011

In 2007, the Chinese State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) implemented a management system for lot release of all plasma-derived products. Since then, there have been only a few systematic studies of the blood supply, which is a concern when considering the small amount of plasma collected per capita (approximately 3 L/1000 people). As a result, there may be a threat to the safety of the available blood supply. In this study, we examined the characteristics of the supply of Chinese plasma-derived products. We investigated the reports of lot-released biological products derived from all 8 national or regional regulatory authorities in China from 2007 to 2011. The market supply characteristics of Chinese plasma-derived products were analyzed by reviewing the changes in supply varieties, the batches of lot-released plasma-derived products and the actual supply. As a result, the national regulatory authorities can more accurately develop a specific understanding of the production and quality management information provided by Chinese plasma product manufacturers. The implementation of the lot release system further ensures the clinical validity of the plasma-derived products in China and improves the safety of using plasma-derived products. This work provides an assessment of the future Chinese market supply of plasma-derived products and can function as a theoretical basis for the establishment of hemovigilance.     

20种含笑属植物在广东中山树木园的引种生长表现

以广东中山树木园20种含笑属植物为对象,研究其引种后的生长表现。结果表明：20种含笑属植物在中山树木园均生长良好,分析的13种含笑属植物在胸径、树高及冠幅的生长量上均存在显著差异。本地苗木黄兰、白兰、乐昌含笑及火力楠在树高、胸径及冠幅方面表现优异。2004年于湖南引种的5种含笑以灰绒含笑和多花含笑生长最好;2005至2009年引种的7种含笑属植物以亮叶含笑表现最佳。     

湖南省种子植物3种新记录

报道了湖南省种子植物分布新记录3种,隶属于3科3属,分别为浙江冬青Ilex zhejiangensis C.J.Tsengex S.K.Chen&Y.X.Feng、长匍通泉草Mazus procumbens Hemsl.和纤叶钗子股Luisia hancockii Rolfe。凭证标本均存于中南林业科技大学森林植物标本室(CSFI)。