Volatile emission of different plant parts and fruit development from Italian cherry plums (Prunus cerasifera and P. cerasifera ‘Pissardii’)

The chemical composition of volatiles emitted in vivo from different plant parts of P. cerasifera and P. cerasifera ‘Pissardii’ were collected during the entire biological cycle of the plant growth and analyzed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) after solid phase micro-extraction (SPME). All the data were submitted to multivariate statistical analysis evidencing many differences amongst the selected plant parts and growth stages. A total of 136 compounds were identified corresponding to 90.1–99.6% of the whole aroma profile of cherry plum samples. Non-terpenes were the most abundant class of constituents present in the volatile emission of all analyzed samples. In particular, the aroma of both fruit stages was mainly characterized by alcohols and esters in different amounts.     

Development of a Headspace Solid‐Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography‐Mass Spectrometry Method to Study Volatile Organic Compounds (VOCs) Emitted by Lavender Roots

A headspace solid‐phase microextraction (HS‐SPME) method combined with gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry (GC/MS) was developed and optimized for the extraction and the analysis of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) from lavandin and fine lavender roots. Optimal parameters to extract volatile molecules from ground and intact roots were determined using a divinylbenzene‐carboxen‐polydimethylsiloxane (DVB/CAR/PDMS) coating fiber at 70 °C for 60 min. A total of 99 VOCs, including 40 monoterpenoids, 15 sesquiterpenoids, 1 diterpenoid and 2 coumarins were detected. The main compounds detected in lavandin roots were fenchol, borneol, and coumarin. Performances of the optimized SPME GC/MS method were evaluated via the comparison of VOC emissions between roots from different cultivars of fine lavender (7713 and maillette) and lavandin (abrial and grosso). Chemometric analysis, using partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (PLS‐DA), suggests fifteen significant features as potential discriminatory compounds. Among them, β‐phellandrene allows discrimination between lavender and lavandin varieties.     

铁观音加工工序中的香气成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取（HS-SPME）法分别萃取了铁观音堆青、炒青、烘焙三个工序中产生的香气,用气质连用仪（GC／MS）对这些香气进行定性定量分析。在 SPME 所收集的铁观音堆青、炒青、烘焙工序所产生的香气成分中分别鉴定出22、32和19种主要香气成分。其中,2-乙烯基-1,1-二甲基-3-亚甲基环己烷、苯乙腈、吲哚、2-乙基己醇、癸醛均出现在三道工序的香气中。     

棘孢木霉挥发性次级代谢产物检测及抑菌活性分析

木霉是一类具有重要生防价值的丝状真菌。文中首先对分离自浙江省绍兴市和广东省佛山市共12株棘孢木霉Trichoderma asperellum进行平板拮抗评价,然后采用顶空固相微萃取气质联用法(HS-SPME-GC-MS)检测拮抗性较好的两株菌的挥发性次级代谢产物。结果表明,棘孢木霉ZJSX5003和GDFS1009菌丝生长迅速,对尖孢镰孢菌Fusariumoxysporum抑制率分别达73%和74%。挥发性次级代谢产物主要是醇类和酮类,其中包含异丁醇、异戊醇、3-甲基-3-丁烯-1-醇、3-羟基-2-丁酮、2,3-丁二醇和6-正戊基-2H-吡喃-2-酮(6-PAP)。进一步通过体外抑菌试验,证实6-PAP具有较好的抑制尖孢镰孢菌的效果,为开发以木霉菌代谢产物如6-PAP为主要成分的生防制剂提供指导。     

顶空固相微萃取法分析毛药山茶花香气成分

采用顶空固相微萃取法提取了毛药山茶鲜花的香气成分,通过气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)对香气成分进行了分析。共检测到50种香气成分,鉴定出19种,占总香气含量的71.72%。毛药山茶花香气成分主要为芳香族化合物、倍半萜、烷烃、烯烃和脂肪酸酯,其中倍半萜在总香气中的比例最高,为46.31%,其次为烷烃,为19.79%。     

顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱联用法分析香花秋海棠及其变种花香气成分

利用顶空固相微萃取结合气相色谱-质谱联用技术对盛花期的香花秋海棠(Begonia handelii)雄花及其变种铺地秋海棠(B. handelii var. prostrata)雌花和红毛香花秋海棠(B. handelii var. rubropilosa)雄花的挥发性香气成分进行分析。结果表明,从铺地秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分32 种,其中醇类物质含量最高,占总成分50.10,其次分别为碳氢类、醛类和酸类物质,分别占总成分25.39、13.87、4.34;从香花秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分为21种,醛类物质含量最高,占总成分57.12,其次是醇类、碳氢类、杂环类物质,分别占总成分17.37、15.31、4.88;从红毛香花秋海棠花中鉴定出香气成分44 种,醇类物质含量最高,占总成分38.22,其次是碳氢类、醛类和醚类物质,分别占总成分34.36、16.83、6.91。铺地秋海棠和红毛香花秋海棠香气成分较接近,富含具有清香、甘甜气息的芳樟醇氧化物等物质;香花秋海棠花中醛类物质含量最高,具有淡焦甜香气。     

Morphological, chemical and genetic differentiation of two subspecies of Cistus creticus L. (C. creticus subsp. eriocephalus and C. creticus subsp. corsicus)

Cistus creticus L., an aromatic species from the Mediterranean area, contains various diterpenes bearing the labdane skeleton. The production of essential oil from this species has potential economic value, but so far, it has not been optimized. In order to contribute to a better knowledge of this species and to its differentiation, the morphological characters, volatile chemical composition and genetic data of two subspecies (C. creticus subsp. eriocephalus and C. creticus subsp. corsicus) were investigated. The leaf trichomes were studied using scanning electron microscopy. The chemical composition of Corsican essential oil (C. creticus subsp. corsicus) has been reported using GC, GC/MS and ¹³C NMR; the main constituents were oxygenated labdane diterpenes (33.9%) such as 13-epi-manoyl oxide (18.5%). Using plant material (54 samples) collected from 18 geographically distinct areas of the islands of Corsica and Sardinia, the basis of variation in the headspace solid-phase microextraction volatile fraction and an inter-simple sequence repeat genetic analysis were also examined. It was shown that the two subspecies of C. creticus differed in morphology, essential oil production, volatile fraction composition and genetic data.     

尾叶紫薇与紫薇杂交后代花香气成分分析

采用顶空固相微萃取(HS-SPME)结合气相色谱-质谱(GC/MS)联用仪测定技术,对尾叶紫薇(W1)与紫薇品种‘多花粉’(C)杂交各世代(F1、F2、BC1)个体的香气成分进行了分析比较。结果表明:(1)尾叶紫薇与F1代个体的挥发物成分均有25种,‘多花粉’的挥发物成分有10种,F2代及BC1代个体的挥发物成分均有26种。(2)月桂烯是尾叶紫薇与杂交子代共有的挥发物成分,但相对百分含量在亲本及各世代中均不高,分别为0.69%(W1)、3.16%(F1)、0.51%(F2)、0.75%(BC1)。(3)亲本及子代的香气成分和相对百分含量存在很大差异,尾叶紫薇、‘多花粉’与杂交子代(F1、F2、BC1)具有较高相对百分含量的挥发物成分分别为异香叶醇(26.21%)、1,1-二甲基-3-亚甲基-乙烯基环己烷(50.34%)、α-法尼烯(11.37%)、1,3,3-三甲基-2-乙烯基-环己烯(14.67%)及反-α-香柠檬烯(16.19%)。(4)尾叶紫薇、‘多花粉’与F1的主要挥发物成分为来源于脂氧合酶途径的脂肪酸衍生物,F2及BC1子代的主要挥发物成分为来源于甲羟戊酸(MVA)途径和2-C-甲基-D-赤藓糖醇-4-磷酸(MEP)途径的萜烯类化合物。研究结果为进一步了解紫薇香气成分的遗传规律奠定了基础。     

Chemical composition of volatiles emitted by Ziziphus jujuba during different growth stages

The volatiles emitted in vivo by different organs (leaf, bud flower, flower, green and red fruits) of Ziziphus jujuba were analysed using HS-SPME-GC/MS. A total of 144 compounds were identified corresponding to 94.6–99.4% of the whole aroma profile of jujube samples. The main constituents detected were (E, E)-α-farnesene, (E)-β-ocimene, perillene, γ-terpinene, cis-sabinene-hydrate, trans-sabinene-hydrate and 4-terpineol. The SPME analyses of the collected samples showed different patterns of emission and can contribute to understand their ecological interactions and fruit production management.     

Enantioselective monoterpene alcohol acetylation in Origanum, Mentha and Salvia species

Selected plants within the Origanum, Mentha and Salvia genera, that contain significant amounts of chiral volatile alcohols and their related acetates, exhibit remarkable enantioselectivity of alcohol acetyl transferase (AAT) activity and particularly can discriminate between linalool enantiomers. Origanum dayi AAT produced almost enantiomerically pure (R)-linalyl acetate by enzymatic acetylation of racemic linalool, whereas the closely related O. majorana AAT produced a mixture of (R)- and (S)-linalyl acetate with a ratio of 6:4. V(max) of O. dayi acetylation activity was 30-fold higher for (R)-linalool, whereas in O. majorana no such differences were found.