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1.
We present a mathematical formulation to evaluate the effects of gestational mutations on cancer risk. The hazard or incidence function of cancer is expressed in terms of the Probability Generating Function (PGF) of the number of normal and mutated cells at birth. Using Filtered Poisson Process Theory, we obtain the PGF for several models for the accumulation of gestational mutations. In particular, we develop expressions for the hazard function when one or two successive mutations could occur during gestation. We also calculate the hazard when the background gestational mutation rates are increased due to exposure to mutagens, such as prenatal radiation. To illustrate the use of our models, we apply them to colorectal cancer in the SEER database. We find that the proportion of cancer risk attributable to developmental mutations depends on age and that it could be quite significant when gestational mutation rates are high. The analysis of the SEER data also shows that gestational mutations could contribute to inter-individual variations in colorectal cancer risk.  相似文献   
2.
    
The genetic background and the antigenic landscape of cancer cells play a critical role in the response to immunotherapies. A high tumor antigenicity, together with an increased adjuvanticity potentially induced by a peculiar type of cell death, namely immunogenic cell death (ICD), could foster the response to immunogenic therapies. The gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (GTN) is a one-of-a-kind cancer in the oncological landscape due to its exclusive genomic makeup. The prognosis of GTN is significantly better than non-gestational trophoblastic neoplasm (nGTN). Due to its peculiar genetic inheritance, GTN potentially constitutes a singular archetype in the immuno-oncological field.  相似文献   
3.
    
《Reproductive biology》2021,21(4):100566
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4.
目的研究孕妇肠道微生物组成与孕妇以及新生儿糖脂代谢的相关性。方法选择2017年6月至2018年9月在大连市妇幼保健院定期产检的诊断为妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)的孕妇89例为GDM组,血糖正常孕妇96例为对照组。收集孕妇一般资料,孕妇和新生儿糖脂代谢物、孕妇粪便进行微生物检测。结果 GDM组孕妇空腹血糖、甘油三酯明显高于对照组,高密度脂蛋白水平明显低于对照组(均P<0.05)。GDM新生儿脂联素和血糖明显低于对照组,胰岛素和糖化血红蛋白明显高于对照组(均P<0.05)。对照组孕妇肠道微生物中拟杆菌(Bacteroides)丰富度最高(36.6%),其次是普雷沃菌(Prevotella)(15.3%)、柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)(10.2%)、考拉杆菌(Phascolarctobacterium)(7.2%)。GDM组孕妇肠道微生物中拟杆菌(Bacteroides)丰富度最高(29.4%),其次是柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)(19.7%)、普雷沃菌(Prevotella)(11.1%)、考拉杆菌(Phascolarctobacterium)(9.3%)。柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)与孕妇空腹血糖呈正相关(r=0.377 6,P=0.027 6),拟杆菌(Bacteroides)、埃希菌(Escherichia)与孕妇甘油三酯呈负相关(r=-0.027 5,-0.585 8,P=0.023 7,0.041 3)。柔嫩梭菌(Faecalibacterium)与新生儿空腹血糖呈负相关(r=-0.397 6,P=0.027 6)。结论 GDM孕妇肠道微生物构成与血糖正常孕妇不同,菌群丰富度和多样性较低,并且孕妇肠道菌群与其及新生儿的糖脂代谢相关,调节孕妇肠道菌群或有利于改善其与新生儿的糖脂代谢功能。  相似文献   
5.
目的:研究胰岛素不同给药方式对妊娠期糖尿病患者围手术期血糖控制的效果与安全性。方法:选择2013年11月~2016年11月于我院接受治疗的92例妊娠期糖尿病患者,所有患者按随机数字表法分为对照组和研究组,每组46例。对照组围手术期予以皮下注射胰岛素治疗,研究组围手术期予以胰岛素泵治疗。比较两组空腹血糖(FBG),餐后2 h血糖(2hPBG),血糖达标情况,抗生素使用情况,切口愈合情况、住院时间及并发症的发生情况。结果:治疗后12 h、24 h及36 h,两组FBG、2hPBG水平均较治疗前显著下降,且研究组以上指标均低于对照组(P0.05)。研究组血糖达标、抗生素使用、切口愈合及住院时间均明显短于对照组(P0.05)。两组均有低血糖、切口感染发生,研究组并发症发生率低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:胰岛素泵输注胰岛素对妊娠期糖尿病患者围手术血糖的控制效果明显优于皮下注射胰岛素,且其安全性更高。  相似文献   
6.
Although vanadium is found abundantly in animal and plant kingdoms its biological effects are not clear. Vanadate compounds have been shown to normalize blood glucose levels in streptozotocin treated rats, enhance glucose oxidation and improve the sensitivity to insulin by enhanced receptor binding in rat adipocytes. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of vanadate, at high (0–8 mmol l?1) and low (0–1·0 mmol l?1) physiological concentrations, on [125I]-insulin binding in the placenta of three groups of pateints, namely from normal (N) controls, gestational diabetics (GDM) and women with risk factors in their medical history for developing diabetes mellitus (RF). Vanadate at low concentrations (0·2–0·6 mmol l?1) enhanced the maximal binding 2-fold in GDM placenta but only increased (up to 1·2-fold) the binding slightly at high cncentrations (5 mmol l?1). However with placenta from normal or women at risk, vanadate increased the [125I]-insulin binding up to 1·2-fold both at low and high concentrations. Thus it appears that vanadate augements insulin binding in the placenta from women with gestational diabetes mellitus.  相似文献   
7.
    
BackgroundResults of the studies about association between serum selenium concentration and gestational hyperglycemia are inconsistent. Some studies have demonstrated that women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) have lower Se concentrations while contrary results are reported in other studies.AimThe aim of this study is to compare the serum Se concentration in women with GDM and normoglycemic pregnant women via a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsA computerized literature search on four databases (PubMed, Cochrane register of control trials, Scopus and Google scholar) was performed from inception through August 2013. Necessary data were extracted and random effects model was used to conduct the meta-analysis.ResultsSix observational studies (containing 147 women with GDM and 360 normoglycemic pregnant women) were found, which had compared serum Se concentration in women suffering from GDM with normal pregnant ones. Our meta-analysis revealed that serum Se concentration was lower in women with GDM compared to normoglycemic pregnant women (Hedges = −1.34; 95% CI: −2.33 to −0.36; P < 0.01). Stratified meta-analysis demonstrated that concentration of Se in the sera of women with GDM was lower than normal pregnant women both in second and third trimesters, but the result was not significant in second trimester (second trimester: Hedges = −0.68; 95% CI: −1.60−0.25; P = 0.15, third trimester: Hedges = −2.81; 95% CI: −5.21 to −0.42; P < 0.05). It was also demonstrated that serum Se status was lower in pregnant women with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) compared to normoglycemic pregnant women (Hedges = −0.85; 95% CI: −1.18 to −0.52).ConclusionThe available evidences suggest that serum Se concentration is significantly lower in pregnant women with gestational hyperglycemia compared to normal pregnant women.  相似文献   
8.
目的

探讨肠道微生物群移植(FMT)和益生菌补充剂对妊娠期糖尿病(GDM)大鼠抗炎症、抗氧化及妊娠结局的影响,为临床应用提供基础依据。

方法

取50只SD雌性大鼠和25只SD雄性大鼠,2∶1合笼,交配成功后随机抽取10只雌鼠为对照组,其余雌鼠腹腔注射链脲佐菌素建立GDM大鼠模型,随机分为模型组、益生菌组、FMT组、FMT+益生菌组,每组10只。FMT组给予10 mL/kg粪便混悬液灌胃,益生菌组给予359.708 mg/kg益生菌制剂灌胃,FMT+益生菌组给予10 mL/kg粪便混悬液和359.708 mg/kg益生菌制剂灌胃,模型组、对照组进行等量PBS缓冲液灌胃,每天一次,14 d后检测大鼠血清中空腹血糖(FBG)、空腹胰岛素(FINS)、总胆固醇(TC)、甘油三酯(TG)、低密度脂蛋白(LDL)、高密度脂蛋白(HDL)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-1β(IL-1β)、白细胞介素6(IL-6)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)、丙二醛(MDA)水平,记录大鼠的胎鼠体重、胎盘重量及胎鼠存活数。

结果

模型组大鼠的胎鼠体重、胎盘重量,血清中FBG、TC、TG、LDL、FINS、TNF-α、IL-1β、IL-6水平,肠道菌群弯曲菌门、脱硫杆菌门相对丰度均显著高于对照组(均P<0.05);模型组大鼠活胎鼠数量,血清中HDL水平,SOD、GSH-Px活性,肠道菌群Ace指数、Chao1指数,Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group、未分类毛螺菌属相对丰度均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05);FMT组、益生菌组、FMT+益生菌组大鼠的胎鼠体重、胎盘重量,血清中FBGTCTGLDLFINSTNF-αIL-1βIL-6水平均显著低于模型组(均P<0.05);FMT组、FMT+益生菌组大鼠肠道菌群Ace指数、Chao1指数及弯曲菌门相对丰度均显著高于模型组(均P<0.05);益生菌组Ace指数、Chao1指数均显著低于对照组(均P<0.05),拟杆菌门、放线菌门、Lachnospiraceae NK4A136 group相对丰度均显著高于模型组(均P<0.05),厚壁菌门相对丰度显著低于模型组(P<0.05);FMT组、益生菌组、FMT+益生菌联合组大鼠活胎鼠数量,血清中HDL水平,SOD、GSH-Px活性均显著高于模型组(均P<0.05)。

结论

FMT和益生菌补充剂可以减轻GDM大鼠炎症程度,改善氧化应激损伤,改变大鼠妊娠结局。

  相似文献   
9.
目的:研究个体化饮食控制联合参芪降糖颗粒对妊娠期糖尿病的疗效.方法:选择2016年1月~2018年12月我院收治的201例妊娠期糖尿病患者,将其随机分为两组.对照组采用个体化饮食控制,观察组在个体化饮食控制的基础上加用参芪降糖颗粒,每次口服1 g,每天3次.比较两组治疗前后的餐后2h血糖、胰岛β细胞功能指数(homeo...  相似文献   
10.
    
Background: There is paucity of information on mechanisms constituting adverse birth outcomes. We assessed here the relationship between vascular integrity and adverse birth effects.

Methods and results: Third trimester maternal plasma (n?=?144) from the Maternal-Infant Research on Environmental Chemicals Study (MIREC) was analysed for vascular, inflammatory and oxidative stress markers by HPLC-fluorescence, protein array and EIA method. Analysis of the <25th and >75th percentile birth weight subgroups revealed markers associated with birth weight (ETs, MMP-9, VEGF, and 8-isoPGF-2α) and gestational age (ET-1, MMP-2, and VEGF).

Conclusions: Mechanistic insights into adverse birth outcome pathways can be achieved by integrating information on multiple biomarkers, physiology using systems biology approach.  相似文献   
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