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1.
目的对糖尿病患者肠道菌群特征及其相关性进行系统评价。方法检索知网、维普、万方、PubMed、Cochrane library、Embase等数据库关于糖尿病患者肠道菌群特征及其相关性的文献,同时追踪纳入文献的参考文献,时限为2009年3月至2019年3月,采用统一提取表,由两名研究者独立按照规定的纳入排除标准进行文献提取和方法学质量评估。最后采用RevMan 5.3软件进行Meta合并,Stata 12.0软件进行亚组分析与发表性偏倚识别。结果共纳入25篇研究,合计2 209例患者。Meta分析显示:(1)糖尿病患者菌群总量(SMD=-0.30,P=0.53)、乳杆菌数量(SMD=-0.79,P=0.20)下降,拟杆菌数量(SMD=1.43,P=0.12)、梭菌数量(SMD=0.28,P=0.40)增加,差异均无统计学意义,双歧杆菌数量(SMD=-1.82,P=0.02)下降,差异有统计学意义。(2)糖尿病患者菌群Shannon指数I~2=91%,r=-0.21[-0.32,0.09],P0.05;Chao1指数I~2=0%,r=-28.17[-40.85,-15.48],P0.05;均下降。(3)拟杆菌、双歧杆菌、梭菌与空腹血糖的相关性分别为:I~2=0%,r=-0.15[-0.27,-0.03];I~2=0%,r=-1.16[-1.42,0.91];I~2=0%,r=-0.28[-0.42,-0.14],均P0.05。而乳杆菌的相关性差异无统计学意义:I~2=47%,r=-0.00[-0.30,0.29],P=0.98。(4)乳杆菌和拟杆菌与炎症因子(TNF-α、IL-6)呈负相关,乳杆菌(r=-0.43;r=-0.60),P0.05;拟杆菌(r=-0.58;r=-0.58),P0.05,差异有统计学意义。结论糖尿病患者肠道菌群总量无明显变化,但有益菌含量和多样性下降,拟杆菌、双歧杆菌和梭菌含量与血糖水平呈负相关,而乳杆菌无相关,其结果还需要大样本、高质量的研究加以论证。  相似文献   
2.
The oral delivery of proteins and peptides is a dynamic research field despite the numerous challenges limiting their effective delivery. Successful oral delivery of proteins and peptides requires the accomplishment of three key tasks: protection of the macromolecules from degradation in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT), permeation through the intestinal barrier and absorption of molecules into the systemic circulation. Currently, no clinically useful oral formulations have been developed but several attempts have been made to overcome the challenges of low oral bioavailability resulting from poor absorption, poor permeation and enzymatic degradation of the proteins and peptides in the GIT. Present strategies attempt to provide structural protection of the proteins and peptides and improved absorption through the use of enzyme inhibitors, absorption enhancers, novel polymeric delivery systems and chemical modification. However, each of these technologies has their limitations despite showing positive results. This review attempts to discuss the physical and chemical barriers of the GIT with particular emphasis on the current approaches employed to overcome these barriers, including the evaluation of other non-parenteral routes of protein and peptide delivery. In addition, this review assimilates oral formulation strategies under development and within the clinical trial stage in relation to their benefits and drawbacks with regard to facilitating optimal protection and absorption of proteins and peptides, as well as pertinent future challenges and opportunities governing oral drug delivery.  相似文献   
3.
目的:研究四磨汤对恩度联合力朴素治疗的宫颈癌患者胃肠功能的保护作用及对其血清白细胞介素8(IL-8)、癌胚抗原(CEA)、糖类抗原125(CA125)的影响。方法:选取2015年9月至2016年8月我院收治的88例宫颈癌患者,根据患者入院顺序分为观察组和对照组,每组44例。对照组在放疗基础上加以恩度联合力朴素完成化疗,观察组在对照组治疗基础上加以四磨汤。比较两组患者治疗前后血清IL-8、CEA、CA125水平及外周血CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+细胞比例的变化和胃肠道毒副反应、胃肠道放射性损伤的发生情况。结果:治疗后,两组患者血清IL-8、CEA、CA125水平均较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),且观察组的血清IL-8、CEA、CA125水平较对照组明显降低(P0.05);两组患者CD3~+、CD4~+细胞比例较治疗前显著降低(P0.05),CD8~+细胞比例较治疗前显著升高(P0.05),但观察组的CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+细胞比例细胞比例显著高于对照组(P0.05)。观察组不良反应发生率、早期胃肠道放射性损伤发生率、Ⅱ、Ⅲ级胃肠道放射性损伤率均显著低于对照组(P0.05)。结论:四磨汤用于恩度联合力朴素治疗的宫颈癌患者能有效保护患者胃肠功能,降低患者血清IL-8、CEA、CA125水平,增强患者免疫力。  相似文献   
4.
胃泌素是胃窦和十二指肠黏膜G细胞分泌的多肽类激素 ,主要生理作用是促进胃酸分泌和胃肠道黏膜细胞生长。研究显示胃泌素是胃肠道肿瘤细胞一种自泌性的生长因子 ,通过促进增殖、抑制凋亡、刺激浸润以及和COX-2协同作用促进肿瘤生长。胃肠道肿瘤抗胃泌素治疗途径分为分泌抑制、受体拮抗、反义寡核苷酸抑制和抗胃泌素抗体治疗。其中抗胃泌素抗体治疗具有诸多优点 ,临床研究进展顺利。  相似文献   
5.
目的探讨育龄妇女泌尿生殖道无乳链球菌感染情况与耐药性。方法选择3 000例在我院就诊的育龄期妇女,所有患者送检泌尿道或生殖道标本,进行无乳链球菌培养及药物敏感性试验,探讨育龄妇女泌尿生殖道无乳链球菌感染情况及耐药性。结果 3 000例育龄妇女中177例感染无乳链球菌,感染率5.90%,其中肾内科患者感染率最高,达到8.97%。2012至2015年育龄期妇女无乳链球菌感染率逐年增加。无乳链球菌对四环素、克林霉素、红霉素、左氧氟沙星耐药性较高,分别达到80.80%、60.45%、56.50%、45.20%。无乳链球菌对头孢曲松、头孢他啶、亚胺培南、万古霉素未产生耐药性。结论育龄妇女无乳链球菌感染率较高,呈逐年上升趋势,防治形势严峻,无乳链球菌对多种常用抗生素耐药率较高,应根据药敏结果合理使用抗生素。  相似文献   
6.
We investigated malaria-associated pathology in mice co-infected with Heligmosomoides polygyrus (Hp) and Plasmodium chabaudi AS (Pc). Despite higher peak parasitemia, co-infected wild-type (WT) C57BL/6 mice displayed similar body weight losses, malarial anaemia, and tissue damage but less severe hypothermia and hypoglycaemia, and earlier reticulocytosis than Pc-infected WT mice. Co-infected STAT6−/− mice, deficient in nematode-induced Th2 responses, experienced similar peak parasitemias and generally suffered malaria-associated pathology to a similar degree as co-infected WT mice. These data indicate a complex relationship amongst helminths, malaria and host immune responses resulting in modulation of some but not all aspects of malaria-associated pathology.  相似文献   
7.
为了解白yuan的消化生理过程,利用ABC免疫组织化学方法,对白yuan胃肠道5种内分泌细胞:5-羟色胺(5-HT)、脑啡肽、P物质、胃动素和抑胃素的分布进行了研究。结果表明:5-HT细胞主要分布于十二指肠及其以下部位,尤其是盲肠和直肠;而腺胃、肌胃和幽门中均未发现该类细胞。脑啡肽和P物质细胞数量明显较5-HT少,它们稀疏分布于十二指肠及其以下部位,无显著的分布积聚区。抑胃素和胃动素在整个胃肠道中均无分布。分析表明白yuan胃肠道5种内分泌细胞的分布与其他鸟类相似,但与其他脊椎动物明显不同。  相似文献   
8.
目的:探讨双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合营养支持治疗重症急性胰腺炎的临床疗效。方法:选择2014年1月至2015年6月我院收治的90例重症急性胰腺炎患者作为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为治疗组和对照组,每组45例患者。对照组在常规治疗基础上采用营养支持治疗,治疗组在对照组的基础上采用双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊治疗。分别于治疗前后取患者静脉血进行C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞计数、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、乳酸脱氢酶的检测,并对治疗效果和胃肠功能进行评分。结果:治疗组的总有效率95.56%显著高于对照组的80.00%,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗14 d后,两组患者的C反应蛋白、白细胞介素-8、肿瘤坏死因子、白细胞计数、淀粉酶、脂肪酶、乳酸脱氢酶水平均降低,且治疗组的下降幅度显著大于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05)。治疗后两组患者的胃肠功能评分均低于治疗前,且治疗组胃肠功能评分明显优于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:双歧杆菌三联活菌胶囊联合营养支持治疗重症急性胰腺炎可降低患者的血液指标,增强肠道功能,具有较好的临床疗效,临床可推广应用。  相似文献   
9.
We investigated whether sexual segregation might affect parasite transmission and host dynamics, hypothesising that if males are the more heavily infected sex and more responsible for the transmission of parasite infections, female avoidance of males and the space they occupy could reduce infection rates. A mathematical model, simulating the interaction between abomasal parasites and a hypothetical alpine ibex (Capraibex) host population composed of its two sexes, was developed to predict the effect of different degrees of sexual segregation on parasite intensity and on host abundance. The results showed that when females tended to be segregated from males, and males were distributed randomly across space, the impact of parasites was the lowest, resulting in the highest host abundance, with each sex having the lowest parasite intensity. The predicted condition that minimises the impact of parasites in our model was the one closest to that observed in nature where females actively seek out the more segregated sites while males are less selective in their ranging behaviour. The overlapping of field observation with the predicted optimal strategy lends support to our idea that there might be a connection between parasite transmission and sexual segregation. Our simulations provide the biological boundaries of host-parasite interaction needed to determine a parasite-mediated effect on sexual segregation and a formalised null hypothesis against which to test future field experiments.  相似文献   
10.
Cooperia oncophora is an important parasitic nematode of cattle with a wide distribution in temperate areas. Twenty Holstein nematode-naïve bull calves were experimentally infected with approximately 100,000 infective L3s and infection was allowed to progress for 7, 14, 28, 42 days, respectively. This experiment was conducted to identify putative recognition and inflammatory pathways in the host-parasite relationship. Gene expression profiles of the small intestine were compared using a high-density bovine 60 mer oligo microarray. A total of 310 genes were differentially expressed during the course of infection. The pathways and regulatory networks significantly impacted by the infection were analysed. A total of 22 canonical pathways and nine regulatory networks were significantly affected during infection. During the early phase of the infection (7 days p.i.), parasites suppressed the acute phase response and the complement system of the host. At 14 days p.i., three out of the six pathways impacted were related with retinoid X receptor (RXR) functions. At 28 days p.i., the effects on RXR were less evident. The host response shifted to lipid metabolism and signalling, especially eicosanoid production and signalling, suggesting that eicosanoid-mediated inflammation might be a major host defence mechanism. By 42 days p.i., the pathways impacted involved glycosphingolipid biosynthesis and transforming growth factor β (TGFβ signalling. The expression of cadherin-like 26 (CDH26) was strongly up-regulated starting at 14 days p.i. and peaked at 28 days p.i. The extent of its expression is positively correlated with the infiltration of eosinophils (R = 0.82) and coincides with the number of adult parasites in the tissue. CDH26 demonstrated an expression profile similar to two other cell adhesion molecules involved in recognition of carbohydrates on foreign organisms, collectin and galectin, suggesting that it may serve as a pattern recognition molecule for C. oncophora. These results provide a potential molecular roadmap for future studies aimed at defining host immune responses and understanding protective immunity against gastrointestinal nematodes.  相似文献   
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