基于GIS的重庆市秀山县白背飞虱空间格局分析

根据2003-2009年重庆市秀山县白背飞虱迁入前期的田间调查资料,应用地理信息系统(GIS)结合传统空间分布分析方法,研究了该县白背飞虱空间分布格局及其动态.结果表明:2003-2009年的白背飞虱种群在全县范围呈现明显的聚集分布格局;反向距离插值图显示,不同年度聚集中心和聚集程度是变化的.总的分布格局是,秀山县中部平坝地区的官桥、官庄、平凯镇发生较重,7年的调查数据中有4年的聚集中心位于此;而周边三沟两岔地区发生相对较轻,只有2007年聚集中心位于南部,2008年的聚集中心位于东部,2009年聚集中心位于北部和西部.     

The community structures of the coniferous and deciduous dead wood‐dwelling arthropods in Korea

We examined the structure of the arthropod community among deciduous and coniferous dead woods along the process of wood decay. We collected dead wood‐dwelling arthropods from April 2010 to October 2011 by using a vacuum aspirator and an electric chain saw in three areas (Mt. Woonak, Mt. Wolchul, Mt. Jingang) in Korea. We identified them to species levels and classified them into functional groups. We collected 8792 arthropods (5 classes, 20 orders, 58 families, and 93 species). The species richness and abundance of arthropods increased with the progress of decay in dead woods. The evenness index seemed to be shown at a lower value at late decay stage than at early‐ and mid‐decay stages. The diversity index (H′) in conifers was lower than that in deciduous dead woods at the early decay stage but this situation was reversed at the late decay stage. Arthropod communities of functional groups, except the xylophagous insects, did not differ in the variables, but the proportion of xylophagous insects increased as the decay stages progressed. The abundance of arthropods and xylophagous was statistically significantly different. The patterns generated by non‐metric multidimensional scaling in the overall arthropod community composition revealed that the species composition between study areas were significantly different. We confirmed that dead woods play very important roles as arthropods' habitats. Thus, we suggest that the role of dead woods should be emphasized in the management of forest ecosystems.     

Two new fossil woods from the early Miocene of Kutch,Gujarat, India and their significance

The Kutch region of western India (Gujarat State) is today arid to semiarid and characterised by mostly ephemeral streams which carry water during the monsoon. The uneven distribution of rainfall and disturbed topography are the result of climate change during the Cenozoic period. Two fossil woods, namely Bauhinium palaeomalabaricum Prakash and Prasad (Fabaceae) and Ebenoxylon indicum Ghosh and Kazmi (Ebenaceae), are described from Kutch in order to provide insights into the palaeovegetation and palaeoclimate. Because the modern representatives of the present and previously described taxa from the same horizon are thermophilic in nature and grow in evergreen to deciduous forests, a warm and humid climate is interpreted. Furthermore, the finding of some mangrove taxa in the assemblage indicates the lagoonal to intertidal environment at the time of deposition.     

辽西中上侏罗统土城子组植物化石的新发现

报道产自辽宁北票三宝营土城子组２种木化石及１０种植物化石（包括５新种）。它们反映了干旱气候条件下沙漠绿洲型的植被特征,时代属时代属中晚侏罗世。     

Sulphur-oxidizing extracellular bacteria in the gills of Mytilidae associated with wood falls

Six morphotypes of small mussels (Bivalvia: Mytilidae) were found attached to naturally sunken wood collected in the Bohol Sea (Philippines). These specimens are related to the large Bathymodiolus mussels that are found worldwide at cold seeps and hydrothermal vents. In these habitats, the mytilids harbour sulphur- and methane-oxidizing endosymbionts in their gills and depend on the energy and carbon provided by the symbionts. In this study, bacteria associated with the gills of wood-associated mussels are characterized using molecular and microscopic techniques. The existence of bacteria in the lateral zone of gill filaments in all specimens is demonstrated. Comparative analyses of 16S rRNA gene and adenosine 5'-phosphosulphate (APS) reductase gene sequences indicate that the bacteria are closely related to sulphur-oxidizing endosymbionts of Bathymodiolus. FISHs using specific probes confirm that sulphur oxidizers are by far the most abundant, if not the only bacteria present. Electron micrographs displayed mostly extracellular bacteria located between microvilli at the apical surface of host gill epithelial cells all along the lateral zone of each gill filament. In some specimens, occasional occurrence of intracellular bacteria with similar morphology was noted. This study provides the first molecular evidence for the presence of possible thiotrophic symbiosis in sunken wood ecosystems. With their epibiotic bacteria, wood-associated mussels display a less integrated type of interaction than described in their seep, vent and whale fall relatives.     

松材线虫入侵后不同伐倒干扰强度对马尾松林植物多样性的影响

以松材线虫入侵马尾松林后经过不同伐倒干扰强度经营形成的不同群落类型作为研究对象,对9个群落类型的物种多样性进行了研究.结果表明,乔木层物种多样性指数大小排列顺序为: 马尾松纯林受害皆伐后形成的阔叶林(富阳)＞轻度受害的马尾松 木荷混交林(富阳)＞对照＞轻度受害的马尾松 纯林(富阳)＞马尾松 栓皮栎混交林受害择伐后形成的栓皮栎林(舟山)＞马尾松纯林受害皆伐后形成的马尾松幼龄林(富阳)＞马尾松纯林受害择伐后形成的枫香林(舟山)＞受害的黑松 马尾松混交林(舟山)＞受害的马尾松纯林(舟山).灌木层舟山马尾松纯林的3种多样性指数均最低,其余各地相差不大.草本层马尾松幼树纯林、栓皮栎林和枫香林的3个指数较高.不同地理位置和不同受害程度的马尾松林植物多样性差异显著;不同干扰程度、不同恢复方式下马尾松林内的植物多样性差异也显著.建立了伐倒干扰强度指数,发现物种多样性指数随伐倒干扰强度指数的变化规律符合“中间高度膨胀”理论.协方差分析结果表明,所建的指数能有效地反映松材线虫入侵及病木伐除后马尾松林植物多样性的变化.     

鄂中一些被子植物硅化木研究

本文研究了我国首次在长江北岸,湖北省新洲县发现的新生代晚第三纪大戟科、豆科和樟科的被子植物硅化木。这些硅化木的发现和鉴定,反映了该地区当时较为炎热潮湿的气候环境,并为长江流域新生代的地质、古气候、古地理、古生物群演变等方面的研究,提供了论据。     

Description of Dolichodorus cobbi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) with Description of Dolichodorus cobbi n. sp. (Nematoda: Dolichodoridae) with Morphometrics and Lectotype Designation of D. heterocephalus Cobb, 1914

Dolichodorus cobbi n. sp. is described and illustrated from soil around roots of "woods" on the Stanley Farm, Scott County, Arkansas. This species is distinguishable from others of the genus by its short tail projection. It is most closely related to D. marylandicus but differs in having a short tail projection, longer stylet, greater body length, larger c value, and also in position of excretory pore. A limited number of Cobb''s original specimens and drawings of D. heterocephalus were examined. A lectotype and paralectotype were designated to establish the taxonomic base for the genus. Cobb''s original modified labeled drawing of D. heterocephalus is also included. Morphometric data on D. heterocephalus from the type locality and several other populations are given. Some variations in female tail shape, body length, and stylet length were noted.     

Structure and affinities of the petrified plants from the cretaceous of Northern Japan and Saghalien III petrified plants from the upper cretaceous of Saghalien

Five species including two new species,Araucarioxylon kiiense Ogura,Taxodioxylon albertense (Penhal.) Shimakura,Cupressinoxylon cryptomerioides Stopes,Xenoxylon watarianum sp. nov. andCedroxylon shimakurae sp. nov., were described from the Upper Cretaceous (Late Turonian-Santonian) of southern Saghalien. Consecutive number from the previous paper (Nishida and Nishida, 1985). Contributions from the Laboratory of Phylogenetic Botany, Chiba University No. 100. Supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research from the Ministry of Education, Science and Culture No. 59540441.