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1.
The kidneys are exposed to hypoxic conditions during development. Hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF), an important mediator of the response to hypoxia, is believed to have an important role in development. However, the relationship between HIF and branching morphogenesis has not been elucidated clearly.  相似文献   
2.
色彩对茶园昆虫的引诱力   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为评估色板用于监测和诱捕茶园害虫的可能性,于10月份茶园昆虫盛发期在绍兴和杭州分别选有机、无公害茶园,同时使用10种粘性色板大面积诱捕茶园昆虫和蜘蛛.每种色彩重复10次.结果表明:(1)在两片供试茶园捕获的目、科和种类基本相同.蜘蛛很少.24 h后,绍兴茶园中10种色板共捕获9目53科10200个昆虫和蜘蛛;72 h 后杭州茶园中捕获10目63科21526个昆虫和蜘蛛.(2)同翅目为优势类群.绍兴茶园中,纯白色板诱捕的同翅目种数占该色板捕获的总物种数的15.2%、同翅目个体数占该色板捕获的总个体数的34.1%;其它9种色板诱捕同翅目种数占各自捕获总种数的21.2%~31.0%、同翅目个体数占各自捕获总个体数的45.8%~75.4%.杭州茶园中,纯白、湖蓝和天蓝色板诱捕同翅目种数小于各自捕获的总种数的20%、同翅目个体数小于各自捕获的总个体数的51%;其它7种色板诱捕同翅目种数大于各自捕获的总种数的22.7%,果绿和墨绿诱捕的同翅目个体数占各自诱捕的总个体数的48.6%和49.8%,桃红、素馨黄、土黄、芽绿和桔黄诱捕的同翅目个体数占各自诱捕的总个体数的55.5%~78.1%.绍兴茶园中,素馨黄和芽绿诱捕的粉虱、假眼小绿叶蝉和广翅蜡蝉分别占两种色板诱捕的总个体数的67.7%和50.1%;杭州茶园中,素馨黄和芽绿诱捕的这几种害虫总数分别占二者诱捕的总个体数的70.7% 和59.2%.(3) 捕获的主要是害虫,绍兴茶园中诱捕的害虫数是天敌的1.63倍,杭州茶园中诱捕的害虫数是天敌的2.23倍.(4)色板之间引诱的种数和个体数差异显著.素馨黄和芽绿诱捕的种数和个体数最多、被捕昆虫的群落多样性指数很小,对叶蝉、粉虱和蜡蝉的引诱力最强;土黄和桔黄诱捕的种数和个体数较多、多样性指数较小,对同翅目昆虫的引诱力较强;纯白色诱捕的种数和个体数居中、多样性指数最大,即诱捕的各种昆虫的个体数差别小;果绿、桃红、墨绿和湖蓝诱捕的种数和个体数明显较少、多样性指数也较小;天蓝色诱捕的种数和个体数最少.(5) 寄生蝇类偏嗜蓝色,缨小蜂类、茧蜂类和小蜂类偏嗜芽绿色.建议将素馨黄和芽绿色板与信息素组合,分别用于监测和诱捕叶蝉和粉虱.  相似文献   
3.
Evidence that cytokinin controls bud size and branch form in Norway spruce   总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3  
Shoot elongation in many coniferous species is predetermined during bud formation the year before the shoot extends. This implies that formation of the primordial shoot within the bud is the primary event in annual shoot growth. Hormonal factors regulating bud formation are consequently of utmost importance. We followed the levels of the endogenous cytokinins zeatin riboside (ZR) and isopentenyladenosine (iPA) in terminal buds, whorl buds and lower lateral buds of the uppermost current-year whorl shoots of 15- to 20-year-old trees of Norway spruce [ Picea abies (L.) Karst.] from June to September. Cytokinins were isolated with affinity chromatography columns, purified by high performance liquid chromatography, and quantified by ELISA. The level of ZR was low in June but increased gradually in all buds until September. Throughout the measurement period, the ZR level was highest in terminal buds and lowest in the scattered lateral, buds, with the whorl buds intermediate. The level of iPA peaked in July and decreased later without any consistent differences among the three classes of buds. The development of different kinds of buds was followed by scanning electron microscopy. We found that bud growth was greatest during August and September. The final size of primordial shoots within the buds varied considerably and the weight of the terminal bud was three times that of the whorl buds and more than five times that of the other lateral buds.
We conclude that the increase in ZR level during the period of active bud development is indicative of the importance of cytokinin for this process. Furthermore, the positive correlation between the level of ZR and bud growth during the period of predetermination of next year's branch growth suggests that this hormone indirectly controls the form of single branches in the spruce tree.  相似文献   
4.
Pn, Pg; Pn, Pg > Cy ; Pn, Cy and Pn, Cy > Pg groups. Each group consequently specified significant features among CIELAB color notation and petal pigmentation, being adequate to characterize tree peony flowers as similar between Zhongyuan and Daikon Island cultivars, thus the cultivars of the two areas are suggested to be related to one another. Received 25 April 2000/ Accepted in revised form 21 December 2000  相似文献   
5.
A method for regenerating whole plants from nodal (axillary bud) cultures of seedlings was developed for flowering dogwood (Cornus florida L.). The seed source significantly influenced the rate of proliferation, although cultures initiated from each of the seven mother trees produced some shoots. Woody plant medium (WPM) was superior to either Murashige and Skoog or Schenk and Hildebrandt basal medium. 6-Benzyladenine (BA) at 2.2 or 4.4 m stimulated the generation of significantly more useable shoots (1 cm) compared to all other concentrations (0.5–22.5 m tested. Thidiazuron (TDZ) at 0.6 and 1.1 m supported proliferation, but strongly inhibited shoot elongation. TDZ initiated cultures transferred to medium containing 4.4 m BA produced usable shoots after five additional subcultures. Shoots generated adventitious roots when exposed to either a 12-h pulse of relatively high concentrations (246–1230 m or continuous lower concentrations (0.5–49.0 m of indolebutyric acid (IBA) for longer periods. Microshoots produced the significantly greatest number of roots when subjected to 4.9 m IBA in WPM over a 4-week period. Whole plants were acclimatized to the laboratory conditions and subsequently to the greenhouse. The methodology described here should be useful in a breeding program by supplying multiple copies of unique, recombinant genotypes.  相似文献   
6.
采用石蜡切片和酶联免疫法(ELISA)对罗汉果雄性、雌性、两性花芽分化过程的形态和激素水平变化进行观测,为罗汉果开花调控和品种选育提供科学依据。结果表明:(1)罗汉果雄性、雌性、两性花的花芽分化过程均可分为花芽未分化期、花芽分化初期、花序分化期、萼片原基分化期、花瓣原基分化期、雄蕊原基分化期和雌蕊原基分化期7个阶段。雄蕊原基分化期前,3种花芽分化过程无明显差异,各时期形态特征均依次为:茎端呈圆锥状(花芽未分化期)→茎端经半球形变成扁平状(花芽分化初期)→距茎端5~7节位处分化出穗状花序(花序分化期)→小花原基周围形成5个萼片原基(萼片原基分化期)→萼片原基内侧形成5个花瓣原基(花瓣原基分化期)。雄蕊和雌蕊原基分化期,3种花芽分化过程存在明显差异,雄蕊原基内侧出现雌蕊原基后,雄花芽雄蕊原基继续发育成雄蕊,雌蕊原基停滞生长,退为一个小突起;雌花芽雌蕊原基继续发育成雌蕊,雄蕊原基生长缓慢,退化为小花丝;两性花芽雌蕊和雄蕊原基均继续发育,形成外观正常的雌蕊和雄蕊。(2)内源激素脱落酸(ABA)、赤霉素(GAs)和玉米素核苷(ZR)含量在3种花芽分化过程中变化规律相似,即ABA含量在花芽生理分化期降低,花芽形态分化期升高,而GAs和ZR含量则基本保持不变;吲哚乙酸(IAA)含量在3种花芽分化过程中变化存在明显差异,雌花芽IAA含量在花芽生理分化期升高,花芽形态分化期逐渐降低,而雄性和两性花芽的IAA含量则基本保持不变。ABA/GAs、ABA/IAA、ZR/IAA和ZR/GAs激素含量比值在3种花芽分化过程中变化规律相似,ABA/GAs在花芽生理分化期降低,花芽形态分化期升高,而BA/IAA、ZR/IAA和ZR/GAs则基本保持不变。研究认为,罗汉果花芽分化过程经历一个"两性期",高ABA含量和ABA/GAs比值有利于罗汉果花芽分化,IAA可能对罗汉果花性分化具有重要作用。  相似文献   
7.
以中油四号油桃(Prunus persica var.nectarina)为研究对象,利用MEGA 6.0、MEME、GSDS和DNAMAN 6.0等软件对桃ERF家族数据进行生物信息学分析,鉴定得到102个ERF转录因子家族基因,并通过构建系统进化树将这102个基因分为10个子家族(I–X)。基因结构分析表明,有81个基因不含内含子,20个基因含有1个内含子,有1个基因与其它成员差异较大,含有5个内含子。保守元件分析表明,ERF家族包含20个保守元件,其中Motif 1、Motif 2和Motif 4都属于AP2/ERF结构域,同一个保守元件主要出现在同一个子家族中,并且大部分保守元件的功能未知。VIII子家族基因的荧光定量PCR分析表明,在桃叶芽处于不同的发育状态时,Ppe ERF068的表达量存在较大差异,光照培养箱中培养的桃芽在萌发过程中各时期表达量变化趋势进一步表明该基因可能与叶芽萌发有关,将其命名为Ppe EBB1。该研究为进一步揭示Ppe EBB1的分子机制奠定了基础,并为桃树的栽培管理和熟期调控了提供理论指导。  相似文献   
8.
9.
革胡子鲇上颌须离体标本味觉反应的测定   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
龙天澄  黄溢明 《动物学报》1995,41(2):158-166
本实验采用革胡子鲇离体上颌须-传入神经标本,记录传入神经电活动,测定了须部味蕾对动物组织浸提液、氨基酸、酸盐化合物等多种化学刺激的反应。发现某些物质有较强的刺激作用。另外,机械刺激也引起较强的反应。分析传入神经单纤维的记录结果,可将化学刺激引起的味觉反应分为3种单元类型:(1)对精氨酸特别敏感;(2)对柠檬酸和氯化胺有较强的反应;(3)对多种刺激都有一定的反应。实验表明,革胡子鲇的须部味蕾可能是一  相似文献   
10.
The capacity of preformation and neoformation and the structure of winter buds are vegetative attributes that may vary between plant species and according to ontogenetic stages of the same species. The present study describes and evaluates these features for the four tree species of Proteaceae occurring in Patagonia. In particular, it analyzes the structure and development of the distal buds of the trunk and the preformed or neoformed nature of the organs involved. Two of the species, Embothrium coccineum and Lomatia hirsuta, have scaly buds, in which primordia of green leaves are covered by cataphylls. The shoots of both species may include neoformed organs, more frequently so in juvenile trees. Lomatia ferruginea and Gevuina avellana have naked buds with a low number of primordia; in juvenile and adult trees of both species trunk shoots are entirely preformed. The structure of buds and shoots suggests two different growth modalities of the axes, which would be related to ecological breadth (narrower in the species with naked buds than in those with scaly buds) and distribution area of these species. The considerable morphological differences between the two Lomatia species studied raise the question whether they ought to be included in the same genus.  相似文献   
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