Apogamous sporophyte formation in a fernPteris multifida and its characteristics

When spores of the fern,Pteris multifida, were aseptically cultured in the dark, sporophytic plants were apogamously induced. The plants have been subsequently grown in pots until the development of leaves with many sporangia for observations of meiotic characteristics in their sporocytes. The sporophytic plants originated from spores were estimated to be haploid, and the estimation was supported by abnormal meiosis in sporocytes and the absence of mature spores, but some chromosomes (n=58) formed bivalents in the meiotic process.     

Effects of cyanide, salicylhydroxamic acid, and temperature on respiration and germination of spores of the fern Sphaeropteris cooperi

During the first 96 h of culture, germinating spores of the fern Sphaeropteris cooperi (F. v. Muell.) Tryon showed a gradual rise in respiratory activity to a maximum of about 6.5 μl 0₂ h⁻¹ mg⁻¹ dry wt. This was followed by a transitory decline in rate, concluded by a second respiratory rise preceding the emergence of the rhizoid after 192 h of culture. Oxygen uptake during the first 120 h of germination was insensitive to 1 m M potassium cyanide (KCN) but was inhibited by 1 m M salicylhydroxamic acid (SHAM); however, beyond this time cyanide showed increasing inhibitory effectiveness whereas SHAM became less effective. Regardless of time of application, KCN had no effect on germination. Maximum inhibition of germination by SHAM was achieved if applied up to 120 h after culture initiation, after which spores became insensitive to SHAM. Heat treatment (50°C for 90 min) during the cyanide-resistant phase of respiration (0 h–120 h) induced cyanide-sensitive respiration and completely inhibited spore germination. Elevated temperatures had little effect if applied during the cyanide-sensitive phase (beyond 120 h). Temperature inhibited spores regained their ability to germinate if maintained in culture until the cyanide-resistant pathway was restored and then subjected to a second photoinductive light treatment. These results suggest the presence and possible involvement of the cyanide-resistant, alternative respiratory pathway during germination of Sphaeropteris cooperi spores.     

蕨配子体发育及卵发生的显微结构观察

运用显微观察技术对蕨(Pteridium aquilinum var. latiusculum)配子体发育和卵发生进行了研究。结果表明：(1)蕨孢子黄褐色,四面体形,具三裂缝,接种后3～7 d萌发,经丝状体和片状体阶段发育成原叶体,成熟原叶体雌雄异株或同株。(2)蕨颈卵器产生于生长点下方的表面细胞(颈卵器原始细胞),该细胞经2次分裂形成3层细胞,其上层和下层细胞发育为颈卵器壁细胞,中间细胞为初生细胞,它经2次不等分裂产生3个细胞,分别为卵细胞、腹沟细胞和颈沟细胞;刚产生时,此3个细胞紧贴颈卵器壁,细胞质内液泡较多,随着发育,卵细胞和腹沟细胞之间产生了分离腔,但二者通过孔区相连,在卵细胞上表面可观察到卵膜;此后,颈沟细胞和腹沟细胞逐渐退化,颈卵器壁细胞内具有黑色颗粒物质。连续切片观察发现,成熟卵细胞上表面中央具有受精孔。卵发生的细节尚需超微结构的研究。     

广东西部云开山自然保护区蕨类植物多样性调查

野外调查和标本鉴定结果表明,云开山自然保护区共有185种蕨类植物,其中10种为广东新分布:中华桫椤(Alsophila costularis)、白桫椤(Sphaeropteris brunoniana)、有刺凤尾蕨(Pteris setulosacostulata)、禾秆亮毛蕨(Acystopteris tenuisecta)、高大短肠蕨(Allantodia muricata)、细裂铁角蕨(Asplenium tenuifolium)、无盖肉刺蕨(Nothoperanema shikokianum)、蓝色鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris polita)、云南舌蕨(Elaphoglossum yunnanense)和黑鳞剑蕨(Loxogramme assimilis)。该地蕨类植物区系主要由亚洲热带亚热带分布和东亚分布成分(各占约37%的种类)构成,以鳞毛蕨科(Dryopteridaceae)、水龙骨科(Polypodiaceae)、金星蕨科(Thelypteridaceae)、蹄盖蕨科(Athyriaceae)和铁角蕨科(Aspleniaceae)的植物最为丰富,包含13种中国特有种但缺乏本地特有成分。垂直分布的统计结果表明,绝大多数植物(143种)生活在海拔900~1300 m的常绿阔叶林下,局限分布于海拔800 m以下的植物有15种,而局限分布于海拔1400~1700 m的植物有23种。该地的珍稀蕨类植物有马尾杉(Phlegmariurus phlegmaria)、华南马尾杉(P. austrosinicu)、薄叶阴地蕨(Sceptridium daucifolium)、小黑桫椤(Gymnosphaera metteniana)、中华桫椤、白桫椤、长柄车前蕨(Antrophyum obovatum)、黑鳞复叶耳蕨(Arachniodes nigrospinosa)、两广鳞毛蕨(Dryopteris liangkwangensis)、云南舌蕨、燕尾蕨(Cheiropleuria bicuspis)、锯蕨(Micropolypodium okuboi)和穴子蕨(Prosaptia urceolaris)。     

绵马贯众多糖超声提取工艺优化及抗氧化活性分析

绵马贯众是中国传统常用中药,本研究以温度、时间、超声功率、液料比为影响因子,多糖得率为评价指标,通过响应面法优化超声辅助提取绵马贯众多糖的工艺条件,同时测定其基本理化性质及抗氧化活性。研究结果表明,绵马贯众多糖的最佳提取工艺条件为:温度64℃、时间60 min、超声功率210 W、液料比27 mL/g。此时多糖得率为9.57%,与预测值接近。理化性质分析表明绵马贯众多糖为含少量蛋白的酸性多糖。体外抗氧化研究表明绵马贯众多糖具有很强的DPPH自由基清除活性,IC50值为0.29 mg/mL;较好的羟基自由基清除活性,其IC50值为1.10 mg/mL;对DNA的氧化损伤有显著的保护作用。绵马贯众多糖可以作为一种潜在的抗氧化剂应用于食品和化妆品等领域。     

水蕨颈卵器的形成与发育

主要运用电子透射显微镜技术对水蕨（Ceratopteris thalictroides（L．）Brongn）颈卵器形成与发育进行了研究。结果表明：水蕨颈卵器是由原叶体分生组织内颈卵器原始细胞形成的。该原始细胞经2次分裂形成3层细胞,上下两层发育成颈卵器颈部与底部的壁细胞,中层为初生细胞。初生细胞是颈卵器内雌配子发生的第一个细胞,该细胞经2次不等分裂形成1个卵细胞,1个腹沟细胞、1个双核的颈沟细胞。本研究首次阐明了水蕨颈卵器内细胞的发育顺序和特征。     

The effect of cytokinins on growth and sexual organ development in the gametophyte of <Emphasis Type="Italic">Blechnum spicant</Emphasis> L.

In this study, we report the role of exogenous and endogenous cytokinins on growth and sexual organ development in the fern Blechnum spicant L. Spore-derived gametophytes (SG) were cultured in full-strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) liquid medium supplemented with (a) 4.44 μMN⁶-benzyladenine (BAP), (b) a crude extract from mature female gametophytes, and (c) 4.44 μM BAP in combination with the crude extract from mature gametophytes, respectively. Both BAP and the crude extract delayed the gametophyte development, and this effect was increased when they were added together. With respect to sexual organ development, BAP inhibited the sexual organ formation, while the crude extract favored antheridia formation; however, when added together, the percentage of antheridia decreased. The endogenous level of the cytokinins cis-zeatin (cZ), cis-zeatin-riboside (cZR), dihydrozeatin (DHZ), dihydrozeatin riboside (DHZR), isopentenyl adenine (iP), isopentenyl adenosine (iPR), isopentenyl-9-glucoside (iP9G), trans-zeatin (tZ), and trans-zeatin riboside (tZR) were analyzed in female and male gametophytes of B. spicant L. The endogenous levels of cytokinins tZ, cZ, DHZ, cZR, iP, and iPR were higher in female gametophytes than in male gametophytes, with the endogenous iP and iPR content being increased more than 300 and 400 times, respectively.     

鹿角蕨化学成分的研究

从鹿角蕨（Platycerium wallichii Hook.)的干燥叶中分离得到七个成分,利用UV、IR、^13C-NMR、^1H-NMR、MS等光谱方法鉴定出它们的结构,分别为β－谷甾醇（I）、谷甾醇β-D-吡喃葡萄糖苷（Ⅱ）、2－propenoic acid,3-[2,3-dihydro-2-(4-hydroxy-3-methoxyphenyl)-3-(hydroxymethyl)-7-methoxy-5-benzofuramyl]-(Ⅲ）、松脂素（Ⅳ）、松脂素－4′－O－β－D－葡萄糖苷（Ⅴ）、2,5－二羟基苯甲酸甲酯（Ⅵ）、槲皮素3－O－β－吡喃半乳糖苷（Ⅶ）。七个成分均为首次从该种植物中获得。     

云南高黎贡山地区主要药用蕨类植物

通过对高黎贡山地区的民间访谈和集市药摊调查 ,从高黎贡山地区已纪录的 5 38种蕨类植物中总结、整理出主要的药用蕨类植物 85种 ,分属 2 7科 ,4 4属。本文主要对其中对 17种常见药用蕨类植物的药用功效进行介绍