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1.
为合理评估叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata对重要农业害虫草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda的捕食作用,本研究在设置相同的捕食者与猎物比例条件下,通过同步增加捕食者与猎物数量的方法,探讨了个体间协作对叉角厉蝽捕食能力的影响。研究结果表明,叉角厉蝽低龄若虫(2龄和3龄)的捕食能力较弱,无法单独捕食体型较大的草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫,但可通过个体间协作方式进行围猎。当2龄与3龄若虫分别有3个和1个以上同伴时,能够捕食草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫,显示出明显的协同效应。而叉角厉蝽4龄、5龄若虫及雌成虫则具备较强的捕食能力,能够单独捕食体型较大的草地贪夜蛾5龄幼虫,且同伴数量的增加不会产生明显的协同增益效应。研究结果为合理评估不同虫态叉角厉蝽的捕食能力及其田间的应用提供了重要的参考依据。  相似文献   
2.
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellate(Wolff)是广泛分布于热带亚热带地区的一种重要捕食性天敌昆虫。为评估人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽的捕食能力,在实验室采用捕食功能反应的方法,以黄粉虫作为中介猎物饲养的叉角厉蝽为对照,评价了人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫以及雌成虫对黄粉虫Tenebriomolitor(L.)幼虫及斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura(Fabricius)3龄幼虫、5龄幼虫的捕食效能。结果表明,两种饲料饲养的不同虫态叉角厉蝽的捕食量均随着猎物密度的增加而上升,当猎物密度增加到一定水平,捕食量趋于稳定,其捕食功能反应均符合HollingII模型。人工饲料组饲养的各虫态叉角厉蝽与对照组的对黄粉虫幼虫的捕食量没有明显差异;在饱和猎物密度条件下,人工饲料饲养的叉角厉蝽3龄若虫、5龄若虫以及雌成虫对斜纹夜蛾3龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别为7.20、9.20、14.60头,对斜纹夜蛾5龄幼虫的日最大捕食量分别4.20、5.80、6.20头,均略低于对照组,但从取食猎物数量上来看,仍保持较强的捕食能力。  相似文献   
3.
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata是一种在生物防治方面有重要作用和潜力的捕食性天敌昆虫,触角是昆虫进行信息交换的重要器官,而嗅觉相关基因则是调控天敌昆虫捕食行为的重要分子基础。为获得叉角厉蝽触角转录组数据库,挖掘叉角厉蝽嗅觉相关基因,本研究利用Illumina高通量测序平台对叉角厉蝽雌雄成虫与5龄若虫触角进行转录组测序。成功构建了叉角厉蝽触角转录组,获得了67 843条unigenes, N50长度为2 300 bp。与七大公共数据库比对注释到27 686条unigenes,其中NR数据库注释最多(33.33%),且与茶翅蝽Halyomorpha halys相似度最高(64.20%)。14 258条注释到GO数据库中,分为生物过程、细胞组分和分子功能3个大类42个亚类;KEGG代谢途径分析表明,7 703条形成282条代谢通路,其中被注释在信号传导通路中的unigenes最多(11.50%)。进一步基因注释分析,鉴定得到134个候选嗅觉相关基因,32个化学感应蛋白基因(Chemosensory protein genes, CSP),10个气味结合蛋白基因(Odor...  相似文献   
4.
叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata是一种在生物防治方面有重要作用和潜力的捕食性天敌昆虫,为探明叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟Ostrinia furnacalis幼虫的控害潜力,在室内温度26℃±1℃、相对湿度65%±10%、光周期16 L∶8 D条件下,观察了叉角厉蝽4龄、5龄若虫和成虫分别对亚洲玉米螟3龄、4龄幼虫的捕食行为,测定了叉角厉蝽对不同亚洲玉米螟密度下的捕食量、搜寻效应以及自身密度和种间干扰对捕食作用的影响。结果表明,叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟的捕食功能反应符合Holling-Ⅱ功能反应模型,叉角厉蝽3个虫龄对亚洲玉米螟3龄与4龄幼虫的理论最大取食量顺序均为:成虫(30.21头)>5龄若虫(24.69头)>4龄若虫(11.96头),相同虫龄的叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟3龄幼虫的最大取食量均大于对亚洲玉米螟4龄幼虫的最大取食量。在亚洲玉米螟相同虫龄内,搜寻效应与猎物密度的增加呈负相关。在生存环境和亚洲玉米螟幼虫密度固定的条件下,其平均捕食量和搜寻效应与叉角厉蝽成虫密度的增加呈负相关。叉角厉蝽成虫与亚洲玉米螟幼虫以相同比例增加时,叉角厉蝽成虫种间会产生干扰作用。结果表明了叉角厉蝽对亚洲玉米螟具有较好的控害潜力,为今后高效利用叉角厉蝽田间防治亚洲玉米螟提供了理论依据。  相似文献   
5.
目前叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata规模化人工饲养主要以鳞翅目害虫斜纹夜蛾Spodoptera litura、草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda等为食料,但以害虫为食料饲养,在叉角厉蝽商品化包装、远距离带食料运输至释放地时,难免增加田间释放时害虫迁移入侵、扩散危害的风险。本研究将家蚕Bombyx mori幼虫作为叉角厉蝽各发育阶段的食料,具体探究叉角厉蝽各虫态对家蚕2~4龄期幼虫的捕食行为、捕食功能、搜寻效应,结果表明各虫态叉角厉蝽能够以单头捕食或集体围猎的方式攻击家蚕幼虫并成功捕食,捕食量随家蚕幼虫密度增加而增大,当猎物密度达到一定时,捕食量趋于稳定饱和;捕食功能反应符合Holling II圆盘方程,叉角厉蝽捕食能力与虫龄呈正相关,叉角厉蝽2龄若虫对家蚕2龄幼虫最大日捕食量为24.042头;叉角厉蝽成虫捕食能力最强,对家蚕2龄、3龄、4龄幼虫最大日捕食量分别为42.1553头、18.5510头、20.5951头;搜寻效应与猎物密度呈负相关,在猎物龄期和密度相同时,高龄叉角厉蝽的搜寻效应普遍大于低龄叉角厉蝽,且各虫态叉角厉蝽捕食低龄家蚕幼虫的搜寻效应大于捕食高龄家蚕幼虫。叉角厉蝽能够取食利用营养丰富的家蚕幼虫,大大提高了在田间释放的安全性,为规模化饲养过程中根据发育龄期选择合适龄期的家蚕幼虫及合适的投放数量饲喂提供理论参考依据,也为拓展家蚕的多元化资源利用提供新思路。  相似文献   
6.
    
Preference tests using the hemipteran predator Eocanthecona furcellata Wolff showed that nymphs and adults showed a constant preference towards virus-infected Spodoptera litura larvae. Adults feeding on healthy larvae throughout their life handled and consumed their prey quickly as compared to those feeding on infected prey, the differences being significant. Developmental time, survival rate, pre-mating period, sex-ratio and incubation period of E. furcellata that were reared on experimental plants infested with healthy larvae of S. litura as lifetime prey for all stages (control), healthy larvae during nymphal stage and infected larvae for adult stage, infected larvae for nymphal and healthy larvae for adult stage and infected larvae as lifetime meal for all stages of E. furcellata did not vary significantly. However, a significant reduction in body weight, fecundity, longevity and percent egg hatchability was observed when E. furcellata were fed on infected larvae as lifetime meal. The results revealed that the virus-infected larvae, relative to healthy larvae, had significant effect on prey preference of predators, but feeding on virus-infected prey had no adverse effect on its field fitness except on lifetime meal, which may not hold true under field conditions.  相似文献   
7.
Behavioral responses of the predatory stink bug Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff) (Heteroptera: Pentatomidae) towards Spodoptera litura (Fabricius) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) larvae were observed in olfactometers. In single-and dual-tube olfactometers, adult bugs were observed to approach and stretch their proboscis toward the odor source. These types of behavior were also observed toward the control odor source in the dual-tube olfactometer. However, the frequency of these phases toward the control odor was significantly lower than that toward the odors from intact or dead larvae. The solvent extracts of larvae elicited these similar behavioral phases significantly more frequently and for significantly longer duration than the control. In a linear track olfactometer, E. furcellata nymphs were observed to be attracted to the fraction eluted with hexane from silica gel chromatography but proboscis-protruding behavior was not observed. The other fraction, 15%-ether-in-hexane from silica gel chromatography, elicited the proboscis-protruding behavior by a simple behavioral assay using a Pasteur pipette. These findings therefore indicate the presence of at least two different chemical cues in prey location.  相似文献   
8.
为明确叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff)丝氨酸蛋白酶基因EfSP1及抑制剂基因EfSPI20的基因序列特征和时空转录特征,为其生理功能研究奠定基础。利用PCR克隆技术获得叉角厉蝽唾液腺EfSPI20和EfSP1的完整开放阅读框(Open reading frame, ORF)序列,使用生物信息学软件进行序列分析以及系统进化分析,采用实时荧光定量PCR (Real time quantitativate PCR,RT-qPCR)分析两个基因分别在叉角厉蝽不同发育时期和组织中的表达特征。结果表明,EfSPI20与EfSP1基因完整开放阅读框长度分别为378 bp和921 bp,分别编码125个氨基酸和306个氨基酸,预测均为亲水蛋白质,理论分子量分别为13.48 kDa和33.82 kDa,等电点分别为6.68和5.80,分别有30个和23个氨基酸残基的信号肽序列,EfSPI20有跨膜结构域,EfSP1无跨膜结构域。序列比对显示叉角厉蝽EfSPI20与茶翅蝽Halyomorpha halys PPI同源性最高,氨基酸序列一致性达58%;EfSP1与稻绿蝽Nezara viridula SP同源性最高,氨基酸序列一致性达66%;系统发育树显示叉角厉蝽与同为蝽科的茶翅蝽和稻绿蝽物种亲缘关系近。EfSPI20基因在雌雄成虫和唾液腺中高表达,推测EfSPI20可能具有抑制胰蛋白酶活性的功能和与叉角厉蝽的捕食消化相关;EfSP1基因在卵期、卵巢和肠道中高表达,推测EfSP1可能与叉角厉蝽的生殖功能和蛋白消化相关。  相似文献   
9.
为探明叉角厉蝽Eocanthecona furcellata (Wolff)对草地贪夜蛾Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith)的控害潜能,本文研究了不同温度(17℃、22℃、27℃、32℃、37℃)条件下叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食作用,评估了其在不同温度下的生物防治效果。结果表明,在试验温度范围内叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫对草地贪夜蛾2~3龄幼虫的捕食功能反应模型符合Holling II型方程,捕食效能a/Th和日均捕食量均在32℃时最大。在同一温度下,叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫的寻找效应与草地贪夜蛾幼虫密度呈负相关,但猎物密度相同时叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫的寻找效应与温度呈正相关。在17℃~37℃范围内,Hassell-Varley干扰反应模型能较好地反映出不同叉角厉蝽密度条件下对草地贪夜蛾的捕食情况;在相同的猎物密度条件下叉角厉蝽3~4龄若虫个体间存在种内竞争和自我干扰作用,随着自身密度增大,相互干扰作用增强,搜寻系数Q和相互干扰系数m随着温度升高而增大,在37℃时最大,分别为0.4719和0.788。本试验证实了叉角厉蝽若虫在温度为32℃、猎物密度为60(头/皿)条件下对草地贪夜蛾的日捕食量最大,但随着温度升高,若虫的捕食量趋于饱和或出现下降趋势,在37℃温度条件下种内竞争和自我干扰作用最强。  相似文献   
10.
    
A new scientific survey elucidates the preferred attack of stink bug Canthecona furcellata (Wolff.) (Hemiptera: Pentatomidae) on the spinning stage of the tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta (Drury) (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae). The silkworm A. mylitta produces an excellent quality of wild silk; however, due to predation by C. furcellata, tasar silk production is reduced. The bug C. furcellata is the most invasive larval predator of A. mylitta and predation is high during early instars as well as the molting stage of the larvae. However, for the first time it is reported that the spinning stage is also preferable for attack by the stink bug. Both the nymphs and adults of C. furcellata attack the spinning silkworm; moreover, stink bug attack is observed in groups under field conditions. It is postulated that feeding preference is due to the concealed, non‐movable and less defensive stage of the tasar larvae during spinning. The predation of C. furcellata includes its approach on target larva of the tasar silkworm during spinning, where it inserts the proboscis inside the larval skin through the moist silk network of newly forming or formed cocoon. Most of the spinning larvae die from the attack and the normal seed cocoon fails to form. The mechano‐ and chemoreceptors, present on the antenna and proboscis of C. furcellata, play an important role in prey locating and the feeding mechanism. The life cycle of C. furcellata is also discussed in the present study.  相似文献   
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