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1.
轮状病毒疫苗预防轮状病毒性肠炎效果观察   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
为了解轮状病毒疫苗预防小儿轮状病毒性肠炎的效果 ,选择定期预防接种 2个月~ 2岁婴幼儿 6 5 2例 ,分为两组 ,服疫苗组 2 0 7例 ,对照组 4 4 5例 ,观察 9个月 ,观察腹泻发生。实验结果为服疫苗组发病 2例 ,发生率0 .97% ;对照组发病 2 6例 ,发生率 5 .84 %。证明口服轮状病毒疫苗可明显减少婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎发生 ,其两组发病率比较 ,有显著差异 ,具有统计学意义 (P <0 .0 5 )。口服轮状病毒疫苗后无明显副作用 ,同时服苗方便 ,口感好 ,婴幼儿乐意接受 ,是目前预防婴幼儿轮状病毒性肠炎唯一有效的方法  相似文献   
2.
Teleost intestinal immunology   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Teleosts clearly have a more diffuse gut associated lymphoid system, which is morphological and functional clearly different from the mammalian GALT. All immune cells necessary for a local immune response are abundantly present in the gut mucosa of the species studied and local immune responses can be monitored after intestinal immunization. Fish do not produce IgA, but a special mucosal IgM isotype seems to be secreted and may (partly) be the recently described IgZ/IgT. Fish produce a pIgR in their mucosal tissues but it is smaller (2 ILD) than the 4–5 ILD pIgR of higher vertebrates. Whether teleost pIgR is transcytosed and cleaved off in the same way needs further investigation, especially because a secretory component (SC) is only reported in one species. Teleosts also have high numbers of IEL, most of them are CD3-?+/CD8-α+ and have cytotoxic and/or regulatory function. Possibly many of these cells are TCRγδ cells and they may be involved in the oral tolerance induction observed in fish. Innate immune cells can be observed in the teleost gut from first feeding onwards, but B cells appear much later in mucosal compartments compared to systemic sites. Conspicuous is the very early presence of putative T cells or their precursors in the fish gut, which together with the rag-1 expression of intestinal lymphoid cells may be an indication for an extra-thymic development of certain T cells. Teleosts can develop enteritis in their antigen transporting second gut segment and epithelial cells, IEL and eosinophils/basophils seem to play a crucial role in this intestinal inflammation model. Teleost intestine can be exploited for oral vaccination strategies and probiotic immune stimulation. A variety of encapsulation methods, to protect vaccines against degradation in the foregut, are reported with promising results but in most cases they appear not to be cost effective yet. Microbiota in fish are clearly different from terrestrial animals. In the past decade a fast increasing number of papers is dedicated to the oral administration of a variety of probiotics that can have a strong health beneficial effect, but much more attention has to be paid to the immune mechanisms behind these effects. The recent development of gnotobiotic fish models may be very helpful to study the immune effects of microbiota and probiotics in teleosts.  相似文献   
3.
目的系统评价布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的疗效和安全性。方法在万方数据知识平台、中国知网、中国生物医学文献数据库、维普中文科技期刊数据库、PubMed、Web of Science、Embase、Cochrane图书馆等中检索布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎的相关文献,并追索已纳入的参考文献。对文献进行评价与资料提取,使用Stata 14.0软件进行Meta分析。结果纳入12篇文献,共1 233例患儿(626例为试验组,607例为对照组),7篇文献采用止泻时间进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够缩短小儿轮状病毒肠炎腹泻时间[SMD=-0.73,95%CI(-1.05,-0.41),I~2=75.7%];5篇文献以住院时间进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够缩短小儿轮状病毒肠炎的住院时间[SMD=-0.99,95%CI(-1.24,-0.74),I~2=56.5%];10篇文献以总有效率进行评价,显示布拉氏酵母菌能够提高小儿轮状病毒肠炎的总有效率[RR=1.26,95%CI(1.19, 1.34),I~2=26.2%];仅有1篇文献报道了轻微的不良反应。结论布拉氏酵母菌治疗小儿轮状病毒肠炎疗效显著,且不良反应轻微,值得临床推广应用。  相似文献   
4.
酪酸梭菌属于微生态制剂,酪酸梭菌具有抑制肠出血性大肠埃希菌、痢疾志贺菌、霍乱沙门菌、霍乱弧菌等肠道致病菌的生长繁殖,抑制艰难梭菌生长繁殖,促进双歧杆菌、乳酸菌等肠道有益菌的生长繁殖,加强肠道黏膜膜营养代谢、保护受损的黏膜屏障,激活免疫细胞、改善并恢复肠道正常免疫力,防治肿瘤的生长的作用.所以酪酸梭菌制剂对腹泻、肠炎、肠易激综合征、结直肠癌新生儿黄疸等疾病都有很强的防治作用.  相似文献   
5.
致肠炎常见菌对牛至浸膏的敏感性试验   总被引:6,自引:1,他引:5  
试验了31株致肠炎常见菌对牛至浸膏的敏感性,结果表明,该浸膏对上述31株菌均有不同程度的杀菌和抑菌作用。  相似文献   
6.
为探讨非伤寒沙门菌的耐药性及其引起儿童肠炎的临床特点,收集2009年3月~2010年10月广东省中山市博爱医院儿科消化病区送检的1 665例肠道感染患儿粪便标本,将培养、分离所获的72株非伤寒沙门菌进行药敏试验,并回顾分析其感染后的临床特点.结果显示,非伤寒沙门菌对头孢哌酮-舒巴坦、泰能、左氧氟沙星、哌拉西林-他巴唑坦...  相似文献   
7.
Germfree guinea pigs were inoculated orally, in some experiments, and intracecally, in others, with Blastocystis hominis and the enteric flora from symptomatic patients. Other germfree guinea pigs received the parasite from axenic culture and still others from monoxenic culture with Proteus vulgaris. Fourteen of 43 animals inoculated orally with B. hominis and patient's enteric flora developed B. hominis infections and those with particularly heavy infections developed watery diarrhea of more than 1 week's duration immediately prior to sacrifice. Similar results were obtained from intracecal inoculations in that 13 of 28 animals developed infections and those with the greatest numbers of B. hominis had watery diarrhea for more than 1 week prior to sacrifice. Gross pathologic changes in these animals were mostly unremarkable, with only a slight hyperemia observed in several of the symptomatic animals. Microscopic examination, however, revealed frequent penetration of intestinal epithelium by B. hominis and the parasites in significant numbers were observed within the epithelium. There was a slight increase in cellularity in the lamina propria but parasites were not observed therein and their presence in the epithelium did not provoke an inflammatory response. Only one of eight animals inoculated from monoxenic cultures developed B. hominis infection (asymptomatic), and infections were not produced in animals inoculated from axenic culture. As a result of our observations of diarrhea in patients with particularly heavy infections with B. hominis together with the demonstration of similar symptoms in animals heavily infected with this parasite, we believe B. hominis may occasionally be related causally to the production of such symptoms by a mechanism not completely understandable.  相似文献   
8.
二龄草鱼肠炎病发病机理   总被引:14,自引:4,他引:10  
本文通过对患肠炎病的二龄草鱼病鱼和正常草鱼的肠道及血液中的产气单胞菌(Aeromonas)的数量和毒力的比较,病鱼肠道、血液和其他内脏中的产气单胞菌所出现比率的调查,不同水温对该菌致病力的影响和用菌体提取液接种鱼体,以及用鲎试剂(鲎变形细胞溶解物Tachypleus Amebocyte Lysate“TAL”)对病鱼和正常鱼体内的内毒素进行测定等一系列的试验和观察,从而推断出二龄草鱼细菌性肠炎病的发病机理。  相似文献   
9.
狨猴的常见疾病及死因的分析研究   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
本文对棉顶狨猴、普通狨猴和鞍背狨猴在实验室笼养条件下,进行了近8年狨猴的发病类型及致死原因的分析研究,结果表明引起狨猴死亡的常见疾病是:肺炎、痢疾、消耗性综合症、产后大出血等。并根据狨猴的疾病摸索了一套有效的防治方案,这对于狨猴的饲养与繁殖,保证科学实验用健康的狨猴群体具有重要的意义。  相似文献   
10.
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