中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比率与老年NSCLC患者临床病理及预后的相关性分析

目的:研究中性粒细胞-淋巴细胞比率(NLR)与老年非小细胞肺癌(NSCLC)患者临床病理及预后的相关性分析。方法:回顾性分析我院收治的68例老年NSCLC患者的临床病理资料。根据化疗前NLR分为低NLR组(2.95)、高NLR组(≥2.95)。比较两组患者临床病理特点及无病生存期(DFS),并分析预后的影响因素。结果:与低NLR组比较,高NLR组临床分期Ⅳ期、吸烟及淋巴转移的比例更大(P0.05),而两组间年龄、性别、病理类型及合并症比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。低NLR组中位DFS为7.2个月(95%CI:5.9~8.4),显著高于高NLR组中位DFS 6.7个月(95%CI:5.4~7.9)(P0.05)。淋巴转移、NLR是老年NSCLC患者DFS的独立危险因素,而年龄、化疗次数则是独立保护因素(P0.05)。结论:NLR与老年NSCLC患者的临床分期和淋巴结转移有明显相关性,并可作为预后评估参考指标之一。     

参苓白术辅助治疗对老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者临床疗效及免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨参苓白术辅助治疗对老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者临床疗效及免疫功能的影响。方法:选取于我院进行治疗的老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者50例,随机分为实验组与对照组,每组25例。对照组患者给予柳氮磺吡啶结肠溶胶囊进行治疗,实验组患者在对照组的基础上联合使用参苓白术丸进行治疗,两组患者均治疗3个月,比较两组患者治疗前后血清白介素-2(IL-2)、γ-干扰素(IFN-γ)及白介素-10(IL-10)水平,并评价两组患者的临床疗效。结果:与治疗前相比,两组患者治疗后的血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平均显著降低,IL-10明显升高;与对照组相比,实验组患者血清IL-2、IFN-γ水平较低,IL-10水平更高(P0.05);且与对照组相比,实验组患者的临床总有效率较高(P0.05)。结论:参苓白术散能有效改善老年溃疡性结肠炎伴脓血便患者的免疫功能并提高其临床疗效。     

Ethical Considerations of Triage Following Natural Disasters: The IDF Experience in Haiti as a Case Study

Natural disasters in populated areas may result in massive casualties and extensive destruction of infrastructure. Humanitarian aid delegations may have to cope with the complicated issue of patient prioritization under conditions of severe resource scarcity. A triage model, consisting of five principles, is proposed for the prioritization of patients, and it is argued that rational and reasonable agents would agree upon them. The Israel Defense Force's humanitarian mission to Haiti following the 2010 earthquake serves as a case study for the various considerations taken into account when designing the ethical‐clinical policy of field hospitals. The discussion focuses on three applications: the decision to include an intensive care unit, the decision to include obstetrics and neonatal units, and the treatment policy for compound fractures.     

Cortisol diurnal patterns,associations with depressive symptoms,and the impact of intervention in older adults: Results using modern robust methods aimed at dealing with low power due to violations of standard assumptions

Advances in salivary bioscience enable the widespread integration of biological measures into the behavioral and social sciences. While theoretical integration has progressed, much less attention has focused on analytical strategies and tactics. The statistical literature warns that common methods for comparing groups and studying associations can have relatively poor power compared to more modern robust techniques. Here we illustrate, in secondary data analyses using the USC Well Elderly II study (n = 460, age 60–95, 66% female), that modern robust methods make a substantial difference when analyzing relations between salivary analyte and behavioral data. Analyses that deal with the diurnal pattern of cortisol and the association of the cortisol awakening response with depressive symptoms and physical well-being are reported. Non-significant results become significant when using improved methods for dealing with skewed distributions and outliers. Analytical strategies and tactics that employ modern robust methods have the potential to reduce the probability of both Type I and Type II errors in studies that compare salivary analytes between groups, across time, or examine associations with salivary analyte levels.     

腹腔镜下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌的疗效

目的:探讨腹腔镜与开腹下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌患者的临床疗效。方法:选取2014年1月至2016年1月我院收治的60例老年子宫颈癌患者,随机分为两组,每组30例,A组患者接受开放性子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术,B组患者在腹腔镜下行子宫切除术及淋巴清扫术,比较两组患者的手术情况、术后恢复情况以及术中、术后并发症的发生情况和随访期间的生活质量。结果:B组患者手术中淋巴结的清扫数目明显比A组多(P0.05),术中出血量和术后使用镇痛泵的次数明显少于A组(P0.05),抗生素的使用时间、术后排气时间、膀胱功能恢复时间、引流管滞留时间、住院时间较A组患者明显缩短(P0.05),术中大出血以及术后尿潴留、淋巴囊肿的发生率显著低于A组(P0.05);术后3个月和6个月的I-QOL以及FACT-G评分显著高于A组(P0.05)。结论:腹腔镜下行子宫切除术加盆腔淋巴清扫术治疗老年子宫颈癌患者的临床疗效显著,有利于患者术后恢复,并有效提高患者术后生活质量。     

Assisted Suicide in Switzerland: Clarifying Liberties and Claims

Assisting suicide is legal in Switzerland if it is offered without selfish motive to a person with decision‐making capacity. Although the ‘Swiss model’ for suicide assistance has been extensively described in the literature, the formally and informally protected liberties and claims of assistors and recipients of suicide assistance in Switzerland are incompletely captured in the literature. In this article, we describe the package of rights involved in the ‘Swiss model’ using the framework of Hohfeldian rights as modified by Wenar. After outlining this framework, we dissect the rights involved in suicide assistance in Switzerland, and compare it with the situation in England and Germany. Based on this approach, we conclude that in Switzerland, claim rights exist for those requesting suicide assistance, and for those who are considering providing such assistance, even though no entitlements exist toward suicide assistance. We then describe the implementation of the ‘Swiss model’ and difficulties arising within it. Clarifying these issues is important to understand the Swiss situation, to evaluate what features of it may or may not be worth correcting or emulating, and to understand how it can impact requests for suicide assistance in other countries due to ‘suicide tourism’. It is also important to understand exactly what sets Switzerland apart from other countries with different legislations regarding suicide assistance.     

右美托咪定联合尼卡地平用于老年骨科手术患者控制性降压时对炎症因子的影响

目的:探讨右美托咪定联合尼卡地平用于老年骨科手术患者控制性降压的临床疗效及其对炎症因子水平的影响。方法:选择2014年1月至2016年1月在我院行骨科手术的老年患者68例,随机分为两组,A组和B组,每组34例。A组患者接受尼卡地平控制性降压,B组患者在A组基础上静脉注射右美托咪定。比较两组患者的手术情况以及术中血流动力学指标,术中及术后血清IL-6(Interleukin-6)、TNF-α(Tumor necrosis factor-ɑ)以及CRP(C-reactive protein)的水平。结果:B组患者术中尼卡地平的使用剂量及术中出血量显著少于A组(P0.05),术后苏醒时间及拔管时间较A组显著缩短(P0.05),术中Fromme术野质量评分明显低于A组患者(P0.05)。降压后5 min,A组患者的HR显著加快(P0.05),B组患者HR相对稳定,且明显慢于A组(P0.05);两组患者的MAP以及CVP显著低于降压前(P0.05),且两组差异无统计学意义(P0.05),A组患者在降压后30 min的MAP和CVP较B组显著升高(P0.05)。两组患者术后不同时间点血清IL-6、TNF-α和CRP的水平显著上升(P0.05),其中B组患者血清IL-6、TNF-α和CRP的水平较A组明显较低(P0.05)。结论:右美托咪定联合尼卡地平用于老年患者行骨科手术时控制性降压的疗效显著,可有效降低尼卡地平的使用剂量,对患者血流动力学影响较小,并可减轻患者术后应激反应,利于患者术后恢复。     

Evaluating the effect of health education program on outcomes of type I diabetic patients: A randomized controlled study

Background; findings from the meta-analysis have shown that patients present improvements in glycaemic control, and in the prevention and control of the acute and chronic complications, when they receive effective treatment, self-management support and regular monitoring. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of implementing a health education program on outcomes of type I diabetic patients. Quasi-experimental study design was used to fulfill the aim of the study. The study was conducted in the outpatient diabetic clinic at Asyut University Hospital; 60 adult male and female patients who attended the outpatient diabetic clinic were included. Two tools were used in this study; structured interviewing questionnaire with three parts; part one: demographic patient variables, part two: patient's medical data and part three: patient's knowledge regarding diabetes, the second tool is evaluation of type I diabetic patients' outcomes (pre/post). Results revealed that the highest percentage of the studied samples were in the age group 18 to less than 30 years, 90.0% of the study group and 83.4% of the control group were having a family history of diabetes, a statistically significant difference was found in the study group patients pre and post application of the program regarding insulin injection and glycemic control. Conclusion: this study demonstrated the effectiveness of health education program implementation on the outcomes of type I diabetic patients in terms of improved knowledge and practicing exercise, teeth care, feet care and on glycemic control.     

血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-proBNP水平与老年2型糖尿病大血管病变的相关性研究

目的:探讨血清同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、金属蛋白酶9(MMP-9)、N-端B型钠利尿肽(NT-pro BNP)变化与老年2型糖尿病大血管病变的关系。方法:选取我院2014年5月至2016年5月收治的老年2型糖尿病患者50例,依据大血管病变发生情况将其分为合并大血管病变组(A组,n=25)和未合并大血管病变组(B组,n=25),另选取同期来我院进行体检的健康人员50例作为对照组,比较三组的一般临床资料、血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平。结果:A组患者的收缩压、舒张压、空腹血糖(FBG)、餐后2h血糖(2h BG)水平均显著高于B组(P0.05),高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)水平显著低于B组(P0.05),但三组患者的性别、年龄、体质量指数(BMI)、糖化血红蛋白(Hb A1c)、总胆固醇(TC)、三酰甘油(TG)、低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)水平比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组、B组患者的BMI、收缩压、舒张压、FBG、2h BG、Hb A1c、TG、TG、LDL-C水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05),LDL-C水平均显著低于对照组(P0.05),但三组人员的性别、年龄比较差异均无统计学意义(P0.05)。A组患者的血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平均显著高于B组(P0.05);A组、B组患者的HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平均显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:血清HCY、MMP-9、NT-pro BNP水平与老年2型糖尿病的大血管病变显著相关。     

松龄血脉康胶囊联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗65岁以上高血压患者疗效观察

目的观察松龄血脉康胶囊联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗65岁以上老年高血压病患者的临床疗效。方法将90例65岁以上高血压患者随机分为松龄血脉康胶囊联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗组和高剂量厄贝沙坦对照组。治疗组给予松龄血脉康胶囊1.5g,每天3次,同时加厄贝沙坦75mg/d;对照组单纯给予厄贝沙坦150mg/d治疗。两组治疗周期为1个月进行比较血压控制情况及不良反应等指标水平。结果治疗后,两组患者收缩压和舒张压均较治疗前下降,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);治疗后两组患者的收缩压、舒张压比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论松龄血脉康联合低剂量厄贝沙坦治疗高血压疗效确切,无明显不良反应,值得临床应用。