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1.
The extent of genetic variation in wild Atlantic salmon parr, Sulmo salur L., from river systems in Ireland, Iceland and eastern Canada, was investigated using starch gel electrophoresis. Within Ireland, seven polymorphic enzyme loci ( sAAT-4 *, GPI-1 *, IDDH-1 *, IDDH-2 *, IDHP-3 *, MDH-3 * and mMEP-2 *) were screened in nine different rivers and nine tributaries from the River Blackwater. Significant heterogeneity in gene frequencies occurred between riverine samples and between samples from tributaries of the River Blackwater. Variation between tributaries was as great as between rivers elsewhere in the country. Levels of population differentiation were comparable to those found in other regions throughout the range of the species, and temporal stability in gene frequencies was apparent when the results were compared with previously published data. Screening of riverine samples from Iceland and eastern Canada (Newfoundland and New Brunswick) allowed the Irish results to be considered in a broader context. Irish salmon cluster in the western European group, to which may be added Icelandic populations. Salmon from eastern Canada show a high level of genetic distinctiveness from the European group.  相似文献   
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A formula for the effective population size for the finite island model of subdivided populations is derived. The formula indicates that the effective size can be substantially greater than the actual number of individuals in the entire population when the migration rate among subpopulations is small. It is shown that the mean nucleotide diversity, coalescence time, and heterozygosity for genes sampled from the entire population can be predicted fairly well from the theory for randomly mating populations if the effective population size for the finite island model is used.  相似文献   
4.
Summary Genetic variation in an isolated northern metapopulation of the pool frog (Rana lessonae) in Sweden was compared to that of Central European populations using enzyme electrophoresis and literature data. Of the 31 loci scored, two (EST-2 andIDH-2) were polymorphic while no variation occurred in seven of the eight loci which are polymorphic in Central European populations.The heterozygosity level of the Swedish pool frogs is very low compared to that of other anuran populations, but their mean proportion of fertilized eggs within egg masses (97.5%) was not lower than in more heterozygous species, and their body size-specific fecundity did not differ from that of Polish conspecifics. The low genetic variability of the Swedish pool frogs is discussed in relation to features of the local populations such as size (N), calculated effective size (N e ) reproductive success and probable history. It is concluded that long-term strong fluctuations in population size caused by reporductive failure in cold years have contributed more to the low genetic variability than could a single founder event due to a recent introduction by man.  相似文献   
5.
Isozyme analysis was applied to estimate the level of variation and the genetic structure of a seed-production population (i.e., seed orchard) and 10 range-wide natural populations of Sitka spruce (Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.). Gene diversity and heterozygosity estimates were comparatively high in both the seed orchard and the natural populations studied. The seed orchard population showed a significantly higher number of alleles per locus and percentage of polymorphic loci. Though not significant, mean heterozygosity of the seed orchard was higher than that observed for all natural populations. Genetic distance analysis indicated that the seed-orchard population was genetically similar to three natural populations from which the parent trees were selected. Parent trees sampling breadth has been identified as the major cause for the observed increased level. The impact of recurrent selection and seed orchard biology and management on maintaining the genetic diversity is discussed.  相似文献   
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This study estimates the economic values of and the dominant contributors to five key ecosystem services of wetlands in Beijing, by using the wetland inventory data in 2014 and economic valuation methods. Results indicate that the 51,434 ha of wetlands in Beijing annually provide 2.07 billion m3 of flood regulation, 944.01 million m3 of water provision, 42,154 tons of chemical oxygen demand (COD) purification, 3.03 PJ of heat absorption, and 9587 ha of habitat. Their economic values are estimated to be 15.89 billion RMB, 1.19 billion RMB, 169 million RMB, 421 million RMB, and 1.08 billion RMB in 2014 (RMB: Chinese currency, US$1 = RMB 6.14), respectively. The total values of five key wetland ecosystem services reach 18.76 billion RMB. In addition, the reservoir and river wetlands in Miyun, Yanqing, Fangshan, Huairou, and Mentougou Districts contribute 78% of key ecosystem services, whereas the urban wetlands in Xicheng, Dongcheng, Haidian, Chaoyang, and Tongzhou Districts more conveniently serve densely local people, hence they should be given particular attentions. In this paper, we develop the valuation methods of wetland ecosystem services, and recommend diversified strategies, regulations, and programs to protect the remaining wetlands in Beijing. This work can also provide a reference for the valuating of wetland ecosystem services for other urban-rural areas.  相似文献   
7.
基于 DArT 标记的三疣梭子蟹地理种群遗传多样性分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
三疣梭子蟹是中国重要的水产养殖动物。目前,其养殖业的蟹苗主要还是依靠野生资源,但种质(生长速度、肌肉品质和抗病性)退化现象严重,因此迫切需要了解个体、种群和物种遗传多样性。报道了一种检测三疣梭子蟹多样性芯片技术(diversityarraystechnology,DART)。DArT技术采用芯片可同时检测数百个基因座,即使没有基因组DNA序列信息也可以分析遗传多态性。采用了风tL/TaqI复杂性降低方法,多态性效率为12.5%。利用多样性芯片杂交获得313个DArT标记。这些DArT标记用于点制多态性富集芯片,DArT标记具有较高的多态性信息含量(polymorphisminformationcontent,PIC)。最后根据0/1矩阵获得UPGMA系统进化树,结果表明样品间的遗传多样性与文献报道一致。芯片质量检测中包括赋值重复性为99.1%,同一样品不同个体间的差异不显著,其差异介于0.7%~1.6%。研究表明,DArT技术具有高通量和低成本的显著特点,该技术可为三疣梭子蟹资源保护和良种选育提供支持。  相似文献   
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为了了解伊犁河鱼类群落结构和多样性特征, 于2012—2014年连续3年对我国境内新疆伊犁河上、中和下游不同河段进行鱼类资源调查。获得27种鱼类样本, 隶属于6目9科23属。伊犁河中、上游河段主要以斯氏高原鳅、新疆裸重唇鱼、新疆高原鳅和伊犁裂腹鱼等土著鱼类为优势种, 下游河段的优势种主要有鲤、草鱼和鲫等外来种。伊犁河中、上游河段鱼类种类稀少, 大中型鱼类资源稀少, 鱼类群落多样性低。梯级水电站的开发、过度捕捞以及外来种入侵对伊犁河鱼类鱼类群落造成了很大的影响。  相似文献   
10.
This study concerns the contribution of directional asymmetry (DA) and fluctuating asymmetry (FA) as a characterization of variation in six sexual (diploid) and two asexual (triploid and tetraploid) populations of the weevil Otiorhynchus alpicola. It is shown that DA in sexual populations is about 1 % of the mean length of each of the seven bilateral traits and the average contribution of DA to trait variation is even lower in asexual populations (about 0.85 in triploids and 0.65 in tetraploids forms). The average contribution of FA to the total phenotypic variance is about 23 %, 12 % and 19 % in diploid, triploid and tetraploid populations, respectively. Since FA is generally regarded as a measure of developmental stability, our data indicate that triploid forms of O. alpicola are developmentally more stable than diploid and tetraploid forms. The relationship between the level of ploidy and FA is discussed.  相似文献   
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