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1.
目的:探讨姜黄素预处理对沙漠干热环境腹部枪弹伤动物模型生存时间的影响。方法:将24头长白仔猪随机分为2组(n=12):姜黄素预处理组和对照组。姜黄素预处理组给予长白仔猪姜黄素100 mg/kg拌料饲养,每天1次,连续7天,对照组给予常规饲料喂养。第8天,将两组猪放入西北特殊环境人工实验舱内,设置环境温度(40.5±0.5)℃,相对湿度(10±2)%,禁食水,放置3小时后建立腹部枪弹伤模型,模型成功后继续放在沙漠干热环境中,每10分钟检测体温变化,并计算长白仔猪的存活时间。结果:姜黄素预处理组平均存活时间为(85.27±2.39)min,对照组的动物模型平均生存时间为(60.10±3.25)min,姜黄素预处理组的生存时间平均比对照组延长约25 min,两组的Kaplan-Meier生存曲线经Log Rank检验具有显著性差异(P0.01)。建立腹部枪弹伤模型后,在相应时间点,姜黄素预处理组的体温明显低于未处理组(P0.01),姜黄素预处理组70 min时的体温与对照组50 min体温比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:姜黄素预处理可明显提高干热环境下猪腹部枪弹伤模型的生存时间,体温升高可能是反映干热环境腹部枪弹伤后病程进展的重要指标。  相似文献   
2.
目的:研究除颤时间与心脏性猝死患者除颤复苏成功率的相关性。方法:选取2015年2月至2017年6月于我院接受除颤复苏治疗的心脏性猝死患者120例为研究对象。分析除颤时间与除颤复苏成功以及心功能舒张早期充盈峰速度(E峰)、左室射血分数(LVEF)、左心室舒张末期内径(LVEDD)以及E/舒张晚期充盈峰速度(A)水平的相关性。结果:电除颤时间2 min患者的复苏成功率为60.00%(21/35),显著高于电除颤时间2~5 min、5~10 min以及10 min患者的34.21%(13/38)、11.11%(3/27)、0.00%(0/20),而电除颤时间2~5 min患者的复苏成功率又显著高于电除颤时间5~10 min患者,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。电除颤时间2 min、2~5 min、5~10 min以及10 min患者的E峰、LVEF、LVEDD以及E/A水平呈逐渐下降趋势,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。Pearson相关性分析结果显示心脏性猝死患者除颤时间与除颤复苏成功率、E峰、LVEF、LVEDD以及E/A均呈负相关关系(r=-0.593,P=0.000;r=-0.476,P=0.001;r=-0.523,P=0.000;r=-0.502,P=0.000;r=-0.469,P=0.001)。结论:除颤时间与心脏性猝死患者除颤复苏成功率呈负相关关系,即除颤时间越早,患者复苏成功率越高。  相似文献   
3.
Giardia lamblia is a unicellular, early branching eukaryote causing giardiasis, one of the most common human enteric diseases. Giardia, a microaerophilic protozoan parasite has to build up mechanisms to protect themselves against oxidative stress within the human gut (oxygen concentration 60 μM) to establish its pathogenesis. G. lamblia is devoid of the conventional mechanisms of the oxidative stress management system, including superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and glutathione cycling, which are present in most eukaryotes. NADH oxidase is a major component of the electron transport chain of G. lamblia, which in concurrence with disulfide reductase, protects oxygen-labile proteins such as pyruvate: ferredoxin oxidoreductase against oxidative stress by sustaining a reduced intracellular environment. It also contains the arginine dihydrolase pathway, which occurs in a number of anaerobic prokaryotes, includes substrate level phosphorylation and adequately active to make a major contribution to ATP production.  相似文献   
4.
The reproductive behavior of six species of tenebrionid beetles (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) was studied in the Namib Desert of southern Africa. In three species, males follow closely behind females (following behavior), while in the other three species, males mount females and remain clasped to them for extended periods (riding behavior). Following behavior occurs before and sometimes after copulation, while riding behavior occurs primarily after copulation. Males of all six species guard females from contesting males, although the effectiveness of guarding is greater in riding species. The evolution of the two male mating strategies does not appear to be related to operational sex ratio differences but, rather, to differential tendencies of females to remate. Variation in total pair duration within following and riding species may be attributed partly to species differences in operational sex ratio. However, pair durations are not affected by experimental manipulations of sex ratio in each species.  相似文献   
5.
Behavioral responses of adult female oriental fruit flies, Dacus dorsalisHendel, to the odor of papayas from three ripeness classes were studied using a threechoice flight tunnel bioassay. Laboratoryreared flies were allowed to respond freely to any of three papaya odors (mature green, colorbreak to one-fourth ripe, and one-half to full ripe) emanating from identical (spherical) fruit models. Five behaviors were measured in assessing the fly's relative attraction to the odors (number of landings), arrestment (total fly seconds on sphere), fly-fly interactions on the fruit model (maximum and modal fly density), and acceptance for oviposition (total eggs laid). Females showed no significant difference in total fly landings based on all age classes combined. Significant differences were noted among age classes. Females spent more total time on the sphere and showed a higher maximum density and modal fly density to ripe fruit than to green fruit odors. Ovipositional acceptance of fruit models based on the total number of eggs laid in a sphere was greater in response to the ripefruit odor than to the other two odor classes. Olfactorystimulated behavioral responses of females to the odor of ripe papayas were significantly different from the other ripeness classes for all behaviors at 8 days postemergence and then declined in 11-day-old flies. Behavioral responses were greater during the afternoon than in the morning. Observations of wild oriental fruit flies to papayas in the field indicated a preference for residing on riper fruit. The results of this study are discussed with regard to the role of olfactory inputs generated by the odor of ripening fruit on female attraction and oviposition behavior resulting in infestation of papayas by oriental fruit fly.  相似文献   
6.
在自然界中,环境变化、季节更替和人为因素造成食物资源时空分布的不均一性,导致鱼类经常面临食物资源短缺的环境胁迫,对其能量代谢和行为造成一定影响。为考察食物资源短缺下暖水性鲤科鱼类能量代谢、个性与集群行为的应对策略及其可能的内在关联,选取中华倒刺鲃(Spinibarbus sinensis)幼鱼为实验对象,分别测定饥饿组(2周)和对照组(维持日粮)在处理前后实验鱼的标准代谢率(Standard metabolic rate,SMR)、个性行为(勇敢性、探索性和活跃性)以及实验处理后的集群行为(凝聚力和协调性)。研究发现:(1)饥饿组和对照组实验过程中实验鱼SMR均显著下降,但仅饥饿组实验鱼SMR具有重复性;(2)饥饿导致中华倒刺鲃幼鱼勇敢性、探索性、活跃性均显著增加;(3)饥饿导致群体成员间距离缩短,游泳速度及其同步性上升。研究表明:饥饿后的中华倒刺鲃不仅适应性降低SMR以减少能量消耗,而且呈现出更高的勇敢性、探索性和活跃性以利于获取食物资源;饥饿迫使中华倒刺鲃群体提高凝聚力和协调性,可能有助于提高群体的生存能力。  相似文献   
7.
In a series of laboratory experiments, acclimated pupae of Tuta absoluta were exposed to various constant low temperatures in order to estimate their maximum survival times (Kaplan–Meier, Lt99.99). A Weibull function was fitted to the data points, describing maximum survival time as a function of temperature. In another experiment at ?6°C, the progress of mortality increasing with exposure time was identified. These values were fitted by a sigmoidal function converging asymptotically to 100% mortality for very long exposure times. Analysing mortality data from the maximum survival experiment by a generalized linear model showed a significant common slope parameter (p < .001) that reveals parallelism of the survival curves at each temperature if a log time axis is used. These curves appear stretched (time scaled) if plotted with a nonlogarithmic time axis. By combining these mathematical relations, it was possible to calculate a species‐specific ‘mortality surface’ which exhibits mortalities, depending on temperature and duration of exposure. In order to accumulate hourly mortalities for courses of varying temperatures, an algorithm was developed which yields mortality values from that surface taking into account the attained mortality level. In validation experiments, recorded mortalities were compared against modelled mortalities. Prediction of mortality was partially supported by the model, but pupae experiencing intensely fluctuating temperatures showed decreased mortality, probably caused by rapid cold hardening during exposure. Despite this observation, mortality data converged to distinct levels very close to 100% depending on the intensity of temperature fluctuations that were characteristic for different types of experiments. The highest mortality limit occurred at intensely fluctuating temperatures in laboratory experiments. This constituted a benchmark that was not reached under various field conditions. Thus, it was possible to identify temperature limits for the extinction of field populations of Tuta absoluta pupae.  相似文献   
8.
《Current biology : CB》2019,29(11):1771-1786.e5
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9.
Climate change is expected to alter precipitation patterns worldwide, which will affect streamflow in riverine ecosystems. It is vital to understand the impacts of projected flow variations, especially in tropical regions where the effects of climate change are expected to be one of the earliest to emerge. Space‐for‐time substitutions have been successful at predicting effects of climate change in terrestrial systems by using a spatial gradient to mimic the projected temporal change. However, concerns have been raised that the spatial variability in these models might not reflect the temporal variability. We utilized a well‐constrained rainfall gradient on Hawaii Island to determine (a) how predicted decreases in flow and increases in flow variability affect stream food resources and consumers and (b) if using a high temporal (monthly, four streams) or a high spatial (annual, eight streams) resolution sampling scheme would alter the results of a space‐for‐time substitution. Declines in benthic and suspended resource quantity (10‐ to 40‐fold) and quality (shift from macrophyte to leaf litter dominated) contributed to 35‐fold decreases in macroinvertebrate biomass with predicted changes in the magnitude and variability in the flow. Invertebrate composition switched from caddisflies and damselflies to taxa with faster turnover rates (mosquitoes, copepods). Changes in resource and consumer composition patterns were stronger with high temporal resolution sampling. However, trends and ranges of results did not differ between the two sampling regimes, indicating that a suitable, well‐constrained spatial gradient is an appropriate tool for examining temporal change. Our study is the first to investigate resource to community wide effects of climate change on tropical streams on a spatial and temporal scale. We determined that predicted flow alterations would decrease stream resource and consumer quantity and quality, which can alter stream function, as well as biomass and habitat for freshwater, marine, and terrestrial consumers dependent on these resources.  相似文献   
10.
The understanding of host specificity of predacious insects is one of the most important problems in the investigation of biological control. Prey preference and the potential for prey switching in Anthocoris minki Dohrn (Hem.: Anthocoridae) was assessed in two- choice experiments under environmentally controlled conditions. Manly's preference index was used to compare A. minki predation on Agonoscena pistaciae Burckhardt and Lauterer (Hem.: Psyllidae) versus Psyllopsis repens Loginova (Hem.: Psyllidae) but showed no statistically significant evidence for preference. Anthocoris minki did prefer psyllids (Agonoscena pistaciae and Psyllopsis repens) over aphids (Forda hirsuta Mordvilko (Hem.: Pemphigidae) and Aphis craccivora Koch (Hem.: Aphididae)). The predator also consumed significantly more 2nd instar than 4th instar nymphs of P. repens. Switching behavior experiments showed that A. minki did not preferentially attack the most abundant prey when the prey combination was either biased toward A. pistaciae or toward F. hirsuta. Linear regression between preference indices and prey ratios indicated an overall preference for psyllids over aphids. The results suggest that a psyllid-specialized feeder such as A. minki is more likely to be effective biocontrol agent against psyllid species and less effective at reducing the numbers of other pest species that might co-occur with psyllids.  相似文献   
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