Effects of endocytosis inhibitory drugs on rubella virus entry into VeroE6 cells

It has been suggested that infectious entry of rubella virus (RV) is conducted by receptor mediated endocytosis. To explore the cellular entry mechanism of RV, inhibitory effects of drugs affecting various endocytic pathways on RV entry into VeroE6 cells were analyzed. Results showed that RV infectious entry into VeroE6 cells is mediated by clathrin-dependent endocytosis and not by caveolae-mediated endocytosis. Moreover, chemical inhibition of macropinocytosis such as treatments of amiloride, actin and microtubule-disrupting drug significantly reduced RV infection. Considering that macropinocytosis is inducible endocytosis by cellular stimulations, clathrin-mediated endocytosis is likely to be a major route of RV infectious entry.     

陕西秦岭拟大萼苔科的2个新记录种

报道陕西秦岭的2个苔类新记录种:红色拟大萼苔[Cephaloziella rubella(Nees) Warnst.]和被刺拟大萼苔(Cephaloziella spinicaulis Douin.)。根据标本对2种植物的形态进行了详细的描述,同时对其地理分布进行了简要说明。     

微红梢斑螟蛀道节肢动物种群结构及生态位

选择我国江苏、安徽和广东7个不同林型的松树林地,对微红梢斑螟(Dioryctria rubella)蛀道节肢动物种群结构及生态位进行调查研究。结果表明:微红梢斑螟蛀道节肢动物种群隶属2纲9目13科,分别为蛛形纲蜘蛛目、蜱螨目,昆虫纲弹尾目、革翅目、啮虫目、半翅目、缨翅目、鞘翅目、膜翅目;利用相对优势指标判别微红梢斑螟蛀道节肢动物优势种有螨科和隐翅虫科,丰盛种有跳虫科,常见种有啮虫科、蠼螋科、蚁科、锯谷盗科、象甲科、蓟马科和茧蜂科,偶见种有小蠹科、蝽科和微蛛科;利用Levins生态位宽度和Pianka生态位重叠对各种群生态位计算表明,隐翅虫科与微红梢斑螟的时间和空间生态位重叠值最大,说明在各种群中隐翅虫科与微红梢斑螟的跟随关系最为紧密;利用聚集度指标法判别优势种群隐翅虫的空间分布属于聚集型分布,用零频率方法计算隐翅虫种群的空间格局为聚集型,种群类型为聚集度逆零频率制约型。     

健康和虫害的红松挥发物对赤松梢斑螟及其寄生蜂寄主选择行为的影响

摘要：为了研究红松球果害虫赤松梢斑螟Dioryctria sylvestrella及其寄生蜂的寄主趋向机理,本文用Y型嗅觉仪测定了赤松梢斑螟成虫及其寄生蜂长距茧蜂Macrocentrus sp,对红松健康和梢斑螟幼虫危害的球果、主梢及侧枝的昼夜行为反应;并用GC-MS分析了健康和虫害球果、主梢及侧枝昼夜所释放挥发物的组份及含量变化。结果表明,赤松梢斑螟处女雌蛾、交尾雌蛾和雄蛾在夜晚对健康球果及主梢有较强的趋性。雌雄长距茧蜂白天对虫害红松球果、主梢有较强的趋性。红松各部位挥发物成分及含量在健康与虫害、白天与夜晚之间存在显著差异,主要表现为单萜类物质相对含量显著变化,如α-蒎烯、莰烯、β-水芹烯、β-蒎烯、3-蒈烯、罗勒烯、β-月桂烯、柠檬烯,以及产生特异性倍半萜类挥发物,如乙酸龙脑酯、石竹烯等。其中红松各部位单萜类挥发物含量变化是影响赤松梢斑螟及其寄生蜂的寄主选择行为的主要原因;而特异性倍半萜单体或组合,是否能够作为产卵刺激剂,协同单萜类挥发物调控二者的产卵行为,还需要试验的进一步证明。     

分子生物学技术在风疹病毒包膜糖蛋白研究中的应用

风疹病毒(RV)是最重要的人类致畸病毒。对RV包膜糖蛋白的研究,有助于构建与表达RVRNA病毒样颗粒,用于核酸检测质控品的研究与开发;并且有助于理解RV产生免疫的机理,以研制基因工程疫苗、亚单位疫苗、多肽疫苗等新型疫苗。本文对分子生物学技术在RV包膜糖蛋白研究中的应用进展进行了综述,包括风疹病毒RNA病毒样颗粒的构建与表达、建立风疹病毒免疫学诊断方法以及制备基因工程疫苗和亚单位疫苗的研究等。     

Detection of measles,mumps and rubella viruses by immuno‐colorimetric assay and its application in focus reduction neutralization tests

Measles, mumps and rubella are vaccine‐preventable diseases; however limited epidemiological data are available from low‐income or developing countries. Thus, it is important to investigate the transmission of these viruses in different geographical regions. In this context, a cell culture‐based rapid and reliable immuno‐colorimetric assay (ICA) was established and its utility studied. Twenty‐three measles, six mumps and six rubella virus isolates and three vaccine strains were studied. Detection by ICA was compared with plaque and RT‐PCR assays. In addition, ICA was used to detect viruses in throat swabs (n = 24) collected from patients with suspected measles or mumps. Similarly, ICA was used in a focus reduction neutralization test (FRNT) and the results compared with those obtained by a commercial IgG enzyme immuno assay. Measles and mumps virus were detected 2 days post‐infection in Vero or Vero‐human signaling lymphocytic activation molecule cells, whereas rubella virus was detected 3 days post‐infection in Vero cells. The blue stained viral foci were visible by the naked eye or through a magnifying glass. In conclusion, ICA was successfully used on 35 virus isolates, three vaccine strains and clinical specimens collected from suspected cases of measles and mumps. Furthermore, an application of ICA in a neutralization test (i.e., FRNT) was documented; this may be useful for sero‐epidemiological, cross‐neutralization and pre/post‐vaccine studies.     

思茅松微红梢斑螟生物学和生态学特性研究

思茅松微红梢斑螟Dioryctria rubella Hampson在云南省普洱市1年发生3代,世代重叠现象严重。幼虫具有转梢、转枝、转株为害习性,这与气候因素和寄主思茅松的生长状态密切相关。雨季幼虫以转株危害为主,危害率为35%～40%;旱季幼虫以转梢危害为主,危害率为90%～100%。第3代微红梢斑螟发生严重,造成的损失最大。这为综合控制微红梢斑螟对思茅松的危害提供重要的理论基础。