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1.
用石油醚对播娘蒿种子脱脂,热水提取,并采用DEAE sephadex A-25层析预处理,除去杂质,得到播娘蒿种子的硫苷提取液。利用高效液相色谱-电喷雾电离质谱(HPLC-ESI/MS)技术,并结合二级质谱分析,鉴定播娘蒿种子中主要硫苷的分子结构。鉴定出的6种硫苷成分的侧链结构分别为:3-丁烯基、3-甲硫丙基、苯甲基、5-氧代辛基、3-羟基-5-(甲基亚硫酰基)戊基、3-羟基-5-(甲基磺酰基)戊基。其中苯甲基硫苷具有抗癌作用。  相似文献   
2.
烟粉虱生物型对浅黄恩蚜小蜂寄主选择及个体发育的影响   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
为探讨寄生蜂在Q型烟粉虱Bemisia tabaci替代B型烟粉虱的过程中是否起作用,我们在实验室条件(温度27±1℃,光周期16L:8D,相对湿度RH 70%~80%)下,观察了浅黄恩蚜小蜂Encarsia sophia寄生B型和Q型烟粉虱若虫的行为,研究了浅黄恩蚜小蜂对B型和Q型烟粉虱若虫的选择性、烟粉虱生物型对浅...  相似文献   
3.
以播娘蒿(Descurainia sophia)下胚轴为外植体,研究影响其分化的若干因素。结果表明:用附加2,4-D的培养基,对下胚轴切段预培养5d可提高分化频率;1.7mg/L AgNO3对分化出芽有很大促进作用,最佳激素组合为2.0mg/L 6-BA 0.2mg/L NAA;黄化苗的下胚轴比绿苗的下胚轴对激素反应更敏感,最高分化频率可达86.05%。再生芽转至1/2MS 0.5mg/L NAA 0.5mg/L IBA的培养基中,生根率100%。  相似文献   
4.

Premise

Oceanic islands offer the opportunity to understand evolutionary processes underlying rapid diversification. Along with geographic isolation and ecological shifts, a growing body of genomic evidence has suggested that hybridization can play an important role in island evolution. Here we use genotyping-by-sequencing (GBS) to understand the roles of hybridization, ecology, and geographic isolation in the radiation of Canary Island Descurainia (Brassicaceae).

Methods

We carried out GBS for multiple individuals of all Canary Island species and two outgroups. Phylogenetic analyses of the GBS data were performed using both supermatrix and gene tree approaches and hybridization events were examined using D-statistics and Approximate Bayesian Computation. Climatic data were analyzed to examine the relationship between ecology and diversification.

Results

Analysis of the supermatrix data set resulted in a fully resolved phylogeny. Species networks suggest a hybridization event has occurred for D. gilva, with these results being supported by Approximate Bayesian Computation analysis. Strong phylogenetic signals for temperature and precipitation indicate one major ecological shift within Canary Island Descurainia.

Conclusions

Inter-island dispersal played a significant role in the diversification of Descurainia, with evidence of only one major shift in climate preferences. Despite weak reproductive barriers and the occurrence of hybrids, hybridization appears to have played only a limited role in the diversification of the group with a single instance detected. The results highlight the need to use phylogenetic network approaches that can simultaneously accommodate incomplete lineage sorting and gene flow when studying groups prone to hybridization; patterns that might otherwise be obscured in species trees.  相似文献   
5.
Three field trials were conducted at Namulonge Agricultural and Animal Production Research Institute to investigate the population dynamics of Bemisia tabaci Gennadius and its associated aphelinid parasitoids in Uganda. Results showed that more whitefly occurred on the cassava mosaic disease-resistant variety, (Nase 4) compared to the susceptible variety, (Ebwanatereka). Two species of aphelinid parasitoids, Eretmocerus mundus Mercet and Encarsia sophia Girault and Dodd, were identified during the study. Overall percent parasitism did not differ significantly (P>0.05) between varieties in all the trials, but significant differences occurred at 13, 15 and 21 weeks after planting during late season (2000), 18 weeks after planting during early season (2001), and 8 weeks after planting during late season (2001). The trends in the build up in numbers of both parasitoids species and apparent parasitism were similar, differed significantly on certain dates. It was, however, noted that percent parasitism decreased with nymph number. The significance of this phenomenon on the potential use of these aphelinid parasitoids as biocontrol agents of the cassava whitefly is discussed.  相似文献   
6.
The complex composition of herbal metabolites necessitates the development of powerful analytical techniques aimed to identify the bioactive components. The seeds of Descurainia sophia (SDS) are utilized in China as a cough and asthma relieving agent. Herein, a dimension-enhanced integral approach, by combining ultra-high performance liquid chromatography/ion mobility-quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UHPLC/IM-QTOF-MS) and intelligent peak annotation, was developed to rapidly characterize the multicomponents from SDS. Good chromatographic separation was achieved within 38 min on a UPLC CSH C18 (2.1 × 100 mm, 1.7 μm) column which was eluted by 0.1% formic acid in water (water phase) and acetonitrile (organic phase). Collision-induced dissociation-MS2 data were acquired by the data-independent high-definition MSE (HDMSE) in both the negative and positive electrospray ionization modes. A major components knockout strategy was applied to improve the characterization of those minor ingredients by enhancing the injection volume. Moreover, a self-built chemistry library was established, which could be matched by the UNIFI software enabling automatic peak annotation of the obtained HDMSE data. As a result of applying the intelligent peak annotation workflows and further confirmation process, a total of 53 compounds were identified or tentatively characterized from the SDS, including 29 flavonoids, one uridine derivative, four glucosides, one lignin, one phenolic compound, and 17 others. Notably, four-dimensional information related to the structure (e.g., retention time, collision cross section, MS1 and MS2 data) was obtained for each component by the developed integral approach, and the results would greatly benefit the quality control of SDS.  相似文献   
7.
8.
在甘蓝型双低油菜品种与播娘蒿原生质体融合杂种的自交后代群体中,实施定向选择和品质鉴定,在F3收获的247株中筛选获得9份含油量大于45%、芥酸含量小于0.5%、硫苷含量小于30μmol/g的高油双低甘蓝型油菜新种质,其中有2份是黄籽高油双低材料,这些材料的F4仍保持高含油量双低性状。在F4群体收获的905株中新选出了15份高含油量双低油菜新种质,其中有5份是黄籽高油双低材料。因此,通过播娘蒿与油菜原生质体融合及其后代选择可以获得高含油量优质油菜新种质。  相似文献   
9.
播娘蒿hmgr基因保守区片段的克隆与分析   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
通过比较6种植物的8条甲羟戊酸途径关键酶3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A还原酶(HMGR)基因同源区域,设计简并引物,利用RT-PCR技术成功地从播娘蒿叶中扩增出458bp的基因片段。通过BlastP比较,所推断的播娘蒿HMGR蛋白序列与拟南芥(NP_177775)、萝卜(CAA48610)、杜仲(AAV54051)、胡黄连(ABC74565)、喜树(AAB69726)、龙胆草(BAE92730)的一致性分别达到98%、96%、88%、89%、86%和87%。通过对蛋白质保守区、特征区以及进化树分析,证实该片段确为hmgr基因片段,该结果为首次报道。  相似文献   
10.
伴生杂草播娘蒿对小麦的化感效应   总被引:12,自引:0,他引:12  
杨超  慕小倩 《应用生态学报》2006,17(12):2389-2393
用室内生物测定方法,对播娘蒿浸提液处理过的不同品系小麦的萌发率、发芽指数、活力指数、根长、苗高、干重、鲜重以及综合效应进行了统计,对作用效果较明显的5个品系进行了丙二醛含量、叶绿素a和叶绿素b比值、胡萝卜素含量的测定以及有丝分裂指数的统计.结果表明,播娘蒿浸提液对所有供试小麦均具有一定的化感效应,但化感效应的强度在不同品系的小麦中存在差异.对效果较明显的5种供试小麦生理指标的测定结果表明,播娘蒿中化感物质的作用位点可能是小麦细胞膜.此外,试验结果还表明,播娘蒿浸提液对小麦的有丝分裂有抑制作用.  相似文献   
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