全文获取类型
收费全文 | 376篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
出版年
2023年 | 1篇 |
2021年 | 3篇 |
2020年 | 3篇 |
2019年 | 4篇 |
2018年 | 1篇 |
2017年 | 2篇 |
2015年 | 3篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 17篇 |
2012年 | 7篇 |
2011年 | 21篇 |
2010年 | 30篇 |
2009年 | 32篇 |
2008年 | 26篇 |
2007年 | 24篇 |
2006年 | 29篇 |
2005年 | 23篇 |
2004年 | 21篇 |
2003年 | 31篇 |
2002年 | 6篇 |
2001年 | 3篇 |
2000年 | 3篇 |
1999年 | 8篇 |
1998年 | 7篇 |
1997年 | 4篇 |
1996年 | 1篇 |
1995年 | 1篇 |
1994年 | 4篇 |
1993年 | 4篇 |
1992年 | 4篇 |
1991年 | 2篇 |
1990年 | 1篇 |
1989年 | 1篇 |
1988年 | 1篇 |
1987年 | 1篇 |
1986年 | 1篇 |
1985年 | 4篇 |
1984年 | 3篇 |
1983年 | 3篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 2篇 |
1979年 | 1篇 |
1978年 | 3篇 |
1977年 | 1篇 |
1976年 | 1篇 |
1975年 | 2篇 |
1974年 | 2篇 |
1973年 | 1篇 |
排序方式: 共有379条查询结果,搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Päivi Heikkilä 《Cell and tissue research》1990,259(3):421-427
Summary The present study was undertaken to define the effects of lipoprotein-derived cholesterol and endogenous, de novo synthesized cholesterol on the ultrastructure and function of undifferentiated rat adrenocortical cells [lipoprotein (HDL3 and LDL) receptor-negative, zona glomerulosa-like adrenocortical cells] in primary culture. For this purpose human plasma high density lipoprotein (HDL3) or low density lipoprotein (LDL) was added to culture medium devoid of cholesterol. Steroid secretion remained at the low basal level even after addition of lipoproteins, and the amount of intracellular lipid droplets did not increase. When mevinolin (0.96 µg/ml), an inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, was added to the culture medium, a low secretion of corticosterone was measured both in serum-free and serum-containing media. Ultrastructurally, lipid droplets disappeared after treatment with mevinolin in both media used. At this concentration of mevinolin cell proliferation was similar to that in the controls, but at higher concentrations (4.8 or 9.6 µg/ml) proliferation was inhibited to 42% and 26% in serum-free medium, and 20% and 12% in serum-supplemented medium, respectively. This study demonstrates that cell proliferation and synthesis of corticosterone by undifferentiated rat adrenocortical cells is identical in the absence or presence of exogenous lipoprotein cholesterol. Inhibition of de novo cholesterol synthesis by mevinolin over a period of 7 days does not inhibit corticosterone secretion or proliferation of cells but decreases the amount of intracellular lipid droplets, thus suggesting utilization of intracellular cholesterol esters. However, higher concentrations of mevinolin inhibit proliferation of cells both in serum-free and serum-containing media. 相似文献
2.
Saurabh Chatterjee Sudha Premachandran Raghavendra S. Bagewadikar Sayanti Bhattacharya Subrata Chattopadhyay T.B. Poduval 《Nitric oxide》2006,15(4):408-416
We have demonstrated that therapeutic administration of L-arginine (L-arg) (120 mg/kg) at +2 h of whole body hyperthermia (WBH) could rescue the mice from heatstroke-induced death. Studies were undertaken to elucidate the role of L-arg in the immunomodulation of the heat-stressed mice. Administration of L-arginine (L-arg), (120 mg/kg, i.p.), at +2 h of WBH, rescued the mice from heat-induced death and reduced the hypothermia. At +4 and +24 h of WBH, levels of IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, nitrite, TNF-alpha, IL-4, TGF-beta1, inducible form of nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and corticosterone significantly increased compared to the sham group. The elevated levels of Th(1) cytokines, namely TNF-alpha, IL-1beta, IFN-gamma, nitrite, and iNOS, decreased significantly both at +4 and +24 h of WBH, following L-arg administration. However, L-arg administration did not reduce the increased levels of Th(2) cytokines, namely IL-4 and TGF-beta1, in WBH mice at +4 h of WBH. L-arg administration significantly increased the levels of Th(2) cytokines at +24 h of WBH, compared to the saline-treated WBH mice. L-arg administration significantly increased both the splenic and hepatic arginase activity at +4 and +24 h of WBH compared to the saline-treated WBH mice. L-NAME treatment at +2 h of WBH and anti-TGF-beta antibody treatment at 0 h of WBH significantly increased the mortality compared to the saline-treated WBH mice. Altered liver histopathology was attenuated following the administration of L-arg at +2 h of WBH. These results suggest that therapeutic administration of L-arg at appropriate concentration and time attenuates the acute inflammatory response, leading to the rescue of mice from heatstroke. 相似文献
3.
Dietmar Weinert Heike Eimert Hans G. Erkert Ulrich Schneyer 《Chronobiology international》1994,11(4):222-231
Most of the extensive literature concerning the resynchronization of circadian rhythms after a Zeitgeber shift is devoted to the dependence of resynchronization on the mode of the shift and the strength of the Zeitgeber, as well as on the circadian function investigated. Ontogenetic influences have rarely been investigated. Therefore, we studied the resynchronization of several circadian rhythms in juvenile and adult female laboratory mice. We present here the results concerning the corticosterone rhythm. The daily rhythms were determined as transverse profiles (2-h intervals) before as well as 3, 7, and 14 days after an 8-h phase delay of the light/dark cycle produced by a single prolongation of dark time. The corticosterone concentration in serum was determined radioimmunologically. In the control animals the daily patterns were bimodal, with main maxima at the end of the light time and secondary ones just after lights on. Ontogenetic differences were small. In adult mice the amplitude was slightly increased due to an increase in the maximum values, and the time of highest hormone concentrations was slightly phase advanced. In juvenile mice, a distinct daily pattern with a phase position in relation to the light/dark cycle corresponding to that of control animals was present on the 3rd day after the Zeitgeber shift. The daily mean as well as the minimum and maximum values increased initially and reached the values of control animals during the second week. In adult animals, a pronounced daily rhythm with the normal phase position was present only at the 7th postshift day. The amplitude, daily mean, and maximum values were decreased, and the minimum values were increased. The initial values were not reached even after 2 weeks. The results show that resynchronization was faster in juvenile mice compared with adult mice. As a possible cause for the observed age-related differences, a not yet stabilized phase-coupling between various circadian rhythms is supposed. 相似文献
4.
5.
Sayaka Fujita 《Hormones and behavior》2010,58(2):264-272
Chronic maternal stress during pregnancy results in the “prenatally stressed” offspring displaying behavioral and neuroendocrine alterations that persist into adulthood. We investigated how inhalation of green odor (a mixture of equal amounts of trans-2-hexenal and cis-3-hexenol) by stressed dams might alter certain indices of prenatal stress in their offspring. These indices were depression-like behavior (increased immobility time in the forced-swim test) and acute restraint stress-induced changes in hypothalamo-pituitary-adrenocortical (HPA) axis activity [plasma corticosterone (CORT) and ACTH levels and the number of Fos-immunoreactive cells in the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (an index of neuronal activity)]. Pregnant rats were exposed to restraint stress for 60 min/day for 10 days (gestational days 10-19). The prenatally stressed offspring exhibited significant increases in depression-like behavior and in restraint stress-induced ACTH, CORT, and Fos responses, unless their dam had been exposed to green odor. The behavioral effect of the odor was also seen in offspring that were fostered by unstressed dams. The results obtained in the dams themselves were as follows. In vehicle-exposed stressed dams, but not in green odor-exposed ones, total body and adrenal weights were significantly decreased or increased, respectively. Depression-like behavior was not observed in the vehicle-exposed stressed dams themselves. Green odor inhalation prevented the impairment of maternal behavior induced by restraint stress. Thus, exposure of dams to stress may affect both the fetal brain and fetal HPA axis, and also maternal behavior, leading to altered behavioral and neuroendocrine responses in the offspring. Such effects may be prevented by the stressed dams inhaling green odor. 相似文献
6.
Qing-Qiu Mao Siu-Po Ip Kam-Ming Ko Sam-Hip Tsai Ming Zhao Chun-Tao Che 《Cellular and molecular neurobiology》2009,29(5):643-647
Preclinical and clinical investigations have shown the involvement of dysregulation of hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA)
axis in the pathogenesis of depression. Hypercortisolemia and the associated hippocampal atrophy were observed in patients
with depression, which could be ameliorated by the treatment with antidepressants. Therefore, neuroprotection has been proposed
to be one of the acting mechanisms of antidepressant. Previous studies in our laboratory have demonstrated the antidepressant-like
activity of total glycosides of peony (TGP) in mice. This study aimed to examine the effect of TGP treatment on corticosterone-induced
neurotoxicity in cultured rat pheochromocytoma (PC12) cells. Treating the cells with corticosterone at 200 μM for 48 h caused
apoptotic cell death. The cytotoxicity was associated with the activation of caspase-3 activity and the decrease in the mRNA
ratio of bcl-2 to bax. TPG treatment at increasing doses (1–10 mg/l) protected against the corticosterone-induced toxicity
in PC12 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The cytoprotection afforded by TGP treatment was associated with the inhibition
of caspase-3 activity and the up-regulation of bcl-2/bax mRNA ratio. The anti-apoptotic effect of TGP is therefore likely
mediated by the suppression of the mitochondrial pathway leading to apoptosis. 相似文献
7.
单配制啮齿动物社会结构的神经生物学原理可以通过实验室研究Social bonding而获得。在本文中,我们探讨了如何利用单配制的草原田鼠(Microtus ochrogaster)作为研究模型揭示pair bond形成的神经调控机制。我们进而探讨了单配制与多配制田鼠之间神经解剖学的差异以及神经化学物质的调节是怎样影响pair bond的。本篇综述还讨论了与pair bond形成有关的神经化学系统之间的相互影响以及pair bond形成过程中的两性差异。最后,我们预测了这一研究领域的未来研究方向以及研究social bonding的神经调控对人类健康的重要性。 相似文献
8.
Dr. G. C. Panzica G. Malacarne A. De Bernochi C. Viglietti-Panzica 《Cell and tissue research》1985,240(1):169-174
Summary Testosterone and corticosterone, administered in doses of 0.5 mg/day for two weeks to three-day-old male chickens, induced alterations in the distributional pattern and in the number of synapses in the rostral neuropil of the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus. This avian nucleus is a target area for both above-mentioned hormones and also one of the most important centers involved in the regulation of behavioral patterns related to reproduction. Testosterone increased the number of synapses in the rostral paraventricular nucleus, while corticosterone altered their distributional pattern causing an increase in type-B terminals; according to morphological criteria the latter are regarded to represent aminergic endings. Similar results were induced by simultaneous administration of both testosterone and corticosterone. Precocious sexual behavior was also provoked by double treatment.Preliminary results have been presented on the occasion of the 5th ENA meeting (Liège, Belgique, Sept. 1981) and the 1st Italian Meeting of Cell Biology (Rimini, Italy, April 1982)This study was supported by CNR bilateral grants (82.00215.04 & 83.00492.04), MPI 40% and European Training Program in Brain and Behaviour Researchs (twinning grant) 相似文献
9.
Vanessa Cristiane Santana Amaral Karina Santos Gomes Ricardo Luiz Nunes-de-Souza 《Hormones and behavior》2010,57(2):128-133
In recent years, there has been a notable interest in studying prey-predator relationships to develop rodent-based models for the neurobehavioral aspects of stress and emotion. However, despite the growing use of transgenic mice and results showing important differences in the behavioral responses of rats and mice, little research has been conducted regarding the responses of mice to predators. The rat exposure test (RET), a recently developed and behaviorally validated prey-predator (mouse-rat)-based model, has proven to be a useful tool in evaluating the defensive responses of mice facing rats. To further validate the RET, we investigated the endocrine and behavioral responses of mice exposed to this apparatus. We first constructed a plasma corticosterone secretion curve in mice exposed to a rat or to an empty cage (control). Rat-exposed mice showed a pronounced rise in corticosterone levels that peaked 15 min from the beginning of the predator exposure. The corticosterone levels and behavioral responses of mice exposed to a rat or to a toy in the RET apparatus were then measured. We observed high plasma corticosterone levels along with clear avoidance behaviors represented by decreases in tunnel and surface area exploration and increases in risk assessment behaviors and freezing. This strongly suggests that the test elicits a repertoire of behavioral responses compatible with an aversion state and indicates that it is a promising model for the evaluation of prey-predator interactions. However, more physiological, neurochemical, and pharmacological studies are needed to further validate the test. 相似文献
10.
Corticosterone, the major stress hormone, plays an important role in regulating neuronal functions of the limbic system, although the cellular targets and molecular mechanisms of corticosteroid signaling are largely unknown. Here we show that a short treatment of corticosterone significantly increases α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid receptor (AMPAR)-mediated synaptic transmission and AMPAR membrane trafficking in pyramidal neurons of prefrontal cortex, a key region involved in cognition and emotion. This enhancing effect of corticosterone is through a mechanism dependent on Rab4, the small GTPase-controlling receptor recycling between early endosome and plasma membrane. Guanosine nucleotide dissociation inhibitor (GDI), which regulates the cycle of Rab proteins between membrane and cytosol, forms an increased complex with Rab4 after corticosterone treatment. Corticosterone also triggers an increased GDI phosphorylation at Ser-213 by the serum- and glucocorticoid-inducible kinase (SGK). Moreover, AMPAR synaptic currents and surface expression and their regulation by corticosterone are altered by mutating Ser-213 on GDI. These results suggest that corticosterone, via SGK phosphorylation of GDI at Ser-213, increases the formation of GDI-Rab4 complex, facilitating the functional cycle of Rab4 and Rab4-mediated recycling of AMPARs to the synaptic membrane. It provides a potential mechanism underlying the role of corticosteroid stress hormone in up-regulating excitatory synaptic efficacy in cortical neurons. 相似文献