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1.
Effect of intraguild predation on the survival and development of three species of aphidophagous ladybirds: consequences for invasive species 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
Abstract 1 Survival and development of hatchling larvae of three aphidophagous ladybirds (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae), Harmonia axyridis Pallas, Coccinella septempunctata brucki Mulsant and Adalia bipunctata Linnaeus, when fed their own and the other species eggs were recorded. 2 In all three species, the larvae survived when fed conspecific eggs. 3 The percentage of larvae of H. axyridis that survived decreased to 35% and 85% when fed eggs of A. bipunctata and C. s. brucki, respectively. All the larvae of A. bipunctata and C. s. brucki died after eating eggs of H. axyridis. None of the larvae of C. s. brucki died after eating eggs of A. bipunctata, whereas 46% of those of A. bipunctata died after eating eggs of C. s. brucki. 4 In general, larvae were reluctant to eat the eggs of other species. However, larvae of C. s. brucki showed less reluctance than H. axyridis to eat the eggs of A. bipunctata. 5 The consequence of this for invasive species of ladybird is discussed. 相似文献
2.
The immature stages of Coquillettidia and Mansonia mosquitoes are cryptic and spend the duration of their development attached to the tissues of subsurface aquatic plants. This obligatory association makes them difficult to collect and has precluded detailed investigation of the biology of Coquillettidia linealis, a species of significant pest and vector status in Australia, as well as other species in the genus Coquillettidia in Australia and elsewhere. This paper describes the first successful establishment and maintenance of a colony of Cq. linealis. Blood‐seeking wild adults were collected and induced to oviposit under laboratory conditions, where methods were developed to rear larval populations to adult maturity in a colony that was maintained through eight successive generations. Colonies of Coquillettidia xanthogaster and Coquillettidia sp. nr crassipes were also established and reared through at least six generations and five generations, respectively, while two species of Mansonia, Mansonia uniformis and Mansonia septempunctata, were also reared successfully for six and two generations, respectively. 相似文献
3.
滞育是部分昆虫固有的适应逆境胁迫的遗传属性,七星瓢虫具有显著的滞育现象。本文以七星瓢虫雌成虫为试材,研究正常发育、滞育及滞育解除后3组处理试虫糖、脂、蛋白等关键代谢物质含量波动规律,总结滞育期间的代谢适应特点,解析其与过冷却能力的相关性,探索滞育对七星瓢虫逆境胁迫耐受力的促升效应,丰富七星瓢虫的滞育基础理论研究。利用物质干湿重差数法测定七星瓢虫的含水量;利用氯仿-甲醇(体积比为2∶1)法抽提除去自由水个体的脂肪;总糖、海藻糖、甘油、山梨醇及总蛋白的测定采用标准曲线法,利用SUN-II型智能昆虫过冷却点测定仪测定七星瓢虫的过冷却点(supercooling point,SCP)。结果表明,七星瓢虫滞育组含水量(58.11%±6.55%)显著低于正常发育组(68.49%±2.26%)和滞育解除组(65.84%±4.02%)(F=8.15,P0.01),滞育解除后含水量恢复至正常发育组水平;滞育组总糖(10.60±0.54μg/mg)、糖原(8.72±0.62μg/mg)、脂肪(173.66±19.01μg/mg)含量远远高于正常发育组和滞育解除组(F=46.57,P=0.0006;F=114.25,P0.0001;F=8.48,P0.01);滞育组总蛋白含量(49.20±3.80μg/mg)显著低于正常发育组(71.02±6.15μg/mg)和滞育解除组(69.45±4.66μg/mg)(F=46.57,P=0.0006);滞育组中海藻糖(1.31±0.27μg/mg)、甘油(1.74±0.50μg/mg)、山梨醇(9.84±3.02μg/mg)含量与正常发育组、滞育解除组无显著性差异(F=0.79,P=0.4946;F=1.33,P=0.3004;F=1.69,P=0.2387)。七星瓢虫在滞育条件下其过冷却点(-16.53℃±1.44℃)显著低于正常发育组(-14.07℃±1.33℃)和滞育解除组(-15.29℃±2.10℃)(F=13.47,P0.0001),经过滞育低温驯化后滞育解除组过冷却点较对照组有所降低。滞育诱发七星瓢虫发生显著的代谢适应,蛋白含量显著降低,抑制新陈代谢进程;糖脂含量显著升高,保障滞育维持及解除后发育的能量需求;七星瓢虫滞育属糖原积累型;滞育个体过冷却点大幅下降,耐寒性显著提升。 相似文献
4.
植物提取物和常用药剂对蚜虫重要天敌瓢虫孵化、存活和捕食效能的影响 总被引:7,自引:1,他引:6
为解决目前化学合成杀虫剂长期大量使用所带来的“3R”问题 ,有必要从对人畜无毒或低毒、对害虫天敌安全的植物和其它天然产物中筛选与环境相容性好的物质作为害虫控制的手段。已经从 63种植物中筛选出两种对蔬菜蚜虫有较好控制作用的植物苍耳 Xanthium sibiricum Petr.et Widd.和白蝴蝶Syngonium podophyllum Schott。报道该两种植物乙醇提取物以及几种常用天然源药剂 (鱼藤酮精、机油乳剂和 0 .3%印楝素乳油 )对深圳菜区蚜虫重要天敌瓢虫 (六斑月瓢虫 Menochilussexmaculata( Fabricius)和狭臀瓢虫 Coccinella trasversalis Fabricius)的影响。结果表明 ,两种植物提取物 ( 0 .0 4 g DW/ml)对所测试瓢虫的孵化、存活和捕食效能与对照之间在 0 .0 1或 0 .0 5水平均无显著差异 ,表明两种植物提取物对瓢虫安全、无明显毒性。而鱼藤酮精 ( 80 0× )、机油乳剂 ( 4 0 0× )和 0 .3%印楝素乳油 ( 2 0 0 0× )在所测试的浓度对瓢虫卵的毒性较强 ,瓢虫卵的孵化率明显降低 ,仅有对照瓢虫卵孵化率的 7.74%~ 1 4.31 % ,因此应避免在田间瓢虫大量产卵的季节使用。苍耳和白蝴蝶提取物对蚜虫的重要天敌瓢虫没有负面影响 ,可以考虑作为保护十字花科蔬菜免遭蚜虫危害的植物保护剂配方。 相似文献
5.
Developmental time and mortality rate of Adalia bipunctata (L.) and Coccinella septempunctata L. (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) were determined when feeding on five aphid species. Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker), Sitobion avenae (F.), Rhopalosiphum padi (L.), Hyalopterus pruni (Geoffr.) and Myzus cerasi F. (Homoptera: Aphididae) are widespread in Tekirda?, Turkey. Tests were carried out in a controlled environmental chamber (25±1°C temperature, 65±5% relative humidity and 16 h light:8 h dark period). Developmental times for A. bipunctata and C. septempunctata larvae varied significantly depending on species of aphid prey (P<0.05). Development time (±S.E.) varied from 17.50±0.84 to 20.83±1.60 days for C. septempunctata and 16.7±0.76 to 20.7±1.03 days for A. bipunctata. Mortality of A. bipunctata (50%) and C. septempunctata (63%) were highest on H. pruni. 相似文献
6.
采用药膜法分别测定了10%甲维盐·茚虫威悬浮剂、12%甲维盐·虫螨腈悬浮剂、12%虫螨腈·虱螨脲悬浮剂、14%呋虫胺·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂、22%吡虫啉·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和6%吡虫啉·高效氯氟氰菊酯悬浮剂6种复配杀虫剂对七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus幼虫急性毒性,并进行了初级风险评估.结果 显示,6种药剂对七星瓢虫48 h的LR5o(半致死用量,Median lethal rate)分别为0.812、2.255、4.082、22.735、6.755和0.00467 g a.i/hm2.在农田内暴露场景下,6种复配杀虫剂对七星瓢虫风险均不可接受;在农田外暴露场景下,仅有14%呋虫胺·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂和22%吡虫啉·螺虫乙酯悬浮剂对七星瓢虫风险可接受,其它均不可接受.结果 表明在田间最大推荐用量下,6种药剂对七星瓢虫的初级风险评价均存在高风险. 相似文献
7.
七星瓢虫对蚜虫等农林业中的重要害虫有较强的控制作用,利用七星瓢虫进行控害的生物防治技术正在逐步推广。本文就七星瓢虫的生物学特性、捕食、对农药的反应以及人工饲养等方面进行综述:七星瓢虫幼虫随龄期增长逐渐出现黄斑,温湿度对生长发育影响较大,以成虫越冬,有滞育现象。七星瓢虫捕食性强,捕食对象较多,包括多种蚜虫、木虱、蚧虫、粉虱、蓟马、网蝽等,其捕食功能反应模型主要为HollingⅡ型,捕食效应受温度、光周期及其猎物密度与自身密度影响。七星瓢虫对农药有一定的选择性,农药对七星瓢虫捕食行为及其生长发育有一定的影响,并会导致其抗药性的产生。目前,七星瓢虫的饲养以昆虫材料为主,辅以人工饲料,采用低温储存,以卵卡作为商品出售。七星瓢虫的基础研究可为今后大规模运用于田间提供参考。 相似文献
8.
The influence that vegetation diversity and the spatial scale of that diversity exert on insect behavior has increasingly been explored in the ecological literature, but relatively few experiments have explicitly incorporated both factors in experimental treatments. We conducted a field study designed to explore the effect of both of these factors on insect movement behavior in a broccoli agroecosystem. We caught and released seven‐spotted ladybird beetles (Coccinella septempunctata L.) in plots containing different degrees of vegetation diversity at two different spatial scales in which prey had been removed. Beetle movement was recorded at timed intervals, and move lengths and turning angles were used to generate discrete path maps for each beetle. Observed mean beetle net squared displacements were compared with predicted net squared displacements, and 95% confidence intervals were generated using a bootstrap method described by Turchin (1998 ) [Quantitative Analysis of Movement: Measuring and Modeling Population Redistribution in Animals and Plants. Sinauer Associates Inc., Sunderland, MA.]. Predicted net squared displacements underestimated beetle movement in smaller plots with both low and higher vegetation diversity for the first five move lengths, whereas no significant difference between observed and predicted net squared displacement for beetles in larger plots of either level of vegetation diversity were detected. These findings highlight the need for a better understanding of how natural enemies are influenced by vegetation diversity and the spatial scale of that vegetation in agroecosystems. The implications of these results for biological control are discussed. 相似文献
9.
温度和光周期对两种瓢虫捕食习性和发育的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
[目的]在农业上,气候变化影响作物产量、蚜虫动态以及捕食性瓢虫对蚜虫的调节作用.一些瓢虫为广布种,而另一些瓢虫种类却只在特定地理范围内分布,而有关气候因子如何影响瓢虫分布了解甚少.[方法]评价不同温度(15℃,20℃,25℃,30℃和35℃)和光周期(8L:16D,12L:12D和16L: 8D)对两种瓢虫[七星瓢虫Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus)(一种广布种)和狭臀瓢虫Coccinella transversalis Fabricius(一种东方/南亚瓢虫)]幼虫取食和利用豌豆蚜Acyrthosiphon pisum(Harris)的影响.[结果]尽管两种瓢虫的捕食作用和发育速率均在25℃时最高,但是随着日长的增加(即光周期从8L:16D增加到16L:8D)捕食作用进一步增强.与狭臀瓢虫相比,在所有温度和光周期下,七星瓢虫幼虫的取食量更高,生长和发育速率更快,其新羽化的成虫体重更重.非线性回归模型显示,七星瓢虫和狭臀瓢虫的最低发育温度分别为11℃和10.5℃左右,最高发育温度分别为41℃和43℃左右.狭臀瓢虫的幼虫捕食和发育速率对气候因子的依赖性强于七星瓢虫.[结论]本研究表明,广布种瓢虫对气候因子的敏感性比土著种瓢虫弱,因而可以广泛分布于不同的地理区域.因此,与土著种瓢虫相比,广布种瓢虫更适于作为生防因子. 相似文献
10.
Cornicle secretions of Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Homoptera: Aphididae) as the last bullet against lady beetle larvae 下载免费PDF全文
Aphids have evolved various defense strategies against natural enemies, including secretions from their cornicles. We assessed the defensive function of cornicle secretions by the goldenrod aphid, Uroleucon nigrotuberculatum (Olive), against larvae of the lady beetles Coccinella septempunctata bruckii Mulsant and Propylea japonica (Thunberg) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae). The aphid secreted red droplets from its cornicles when attacked by the larvae. Two‐thirds of the C. septempunctata bruckii larvae and 46.7% of the P. japonica larvae that preyed on the aphids died before reaching the pre‐pupal stage. The secretions caused molting failure when smeared on the larvae's heads or glued to the larvae's mouthparts, killing 56.7% of C. septempunctata bruckii larvae and 36.7% of P. japonica larvae. Second instar larvae were affected most. About 40% of third and fourth instar larvae of C. septempunctata bruckii vomited soon after ingesting the aphids. In the field, up to 40% of first and second instar larvae were smeared with red secretions. Our results show that these cornicle secretions are an effective and active defense against earlier instars of coccinellid larvae. 相似文献