锂盐的作用机制及临床应用研究进展

锂是人体内的一种微量元素且以化合物的形式广泛存在于自然界。作为一种古老的治疗精神疾病方面的药物,锂盐被用来治疗双相情感障碍已超过60年,而现在锂盐在临床上表现出来的新应用已经越来越引起医学界的广泛重视。现代研究表明,锂盐是一种强大的糖原合成酶激酶-3(GSK-3β)抑制剂,锂盐除对脑细胞过度活动起抑制作用外,还具有营养神经和保护神经、抗炎、抗氧化、抗癌、免疫调节以及对甲状腺功能亢进的治疗作用。锂盐化学结构相对简单,而且目前人们对锂盐的使用经验及对锂离子的血药浓度监测手段已日趋成熟,所以锂盐具有相当好的临床应用前景,未来更进一步加大对锂盐的临床应用及作用机制的研究力度。现就锂盐新发现的作用机制及临床应用作一综述。     

Improved design of peptides exhibiting angiogenic activities for clinical applications

Vascularization is one of the key steps for engraftment in regenerative medicine. Previously one of the authors had discovered peptides exhibiting significant angiogenic activities designated AGP and elucidated the active core. For neovascularization basic fibroblast growth factor is used although permeation can be envisaged. The original AGPs did not suffer from this although their half-life times are short because of decomposition by endogenous enzymes. Several new AGP-libraries have been constructed and their enzymatic resistance has been investigated by the use of human umbilical vein endothelial cells to find candidates for clinical applications.     

影响阜康荒漠-绿洲过渡带荒漠植物数量特征的土壤驱动力分析

荒漠-绿洲过渡带是绿洲向沙漠系统的过渡地带,荒漠植物是绿洲扩展或荒漠化加速的缓冲器,土壤环境是影响植物演变的重要影响因素,土壤环境因素是整个过渡带演化的重要驱动力。通过对阜康荒漠-绿洲过渡带荒漠植物群落实地调查,利用通用植物数量分析软件CANOCO 5.0中冗余度分析(RDA),探讨过渡带影响荒漠植物群落数量特征指标的土壤驱动因子。结果表明:(1)土壤含水量、全N、全P和有机质是影响荒漠植物群落数量特征的主要驱动力因子,环境解释量累计达到69%,而总盐、p H和全K对荒漠植物群落数量特征影响较弱;(2)4个土壤主要驱动力对荒漠植物群落数量特征重要性大小顺序:土壤含水量有机质全N全P;(3)荒漠植物群落数量特征与土壤含水量、有机质和全P呈正相关,但与全N为负相关关系,揭示了土壤含水量、有机质和全P是利于荒漠植物群落稳定的正驱动力,而全N为抑制荒漠植物生长的负驱动力。综上所述,土壤各因子的驱动力作用不尽相同,存在正、负差异,协同维护荒漠植物群落数量特征的稳定和发展。     

阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检与传统宫颈活检在宫颈疾病诊断中的应用价值比较

目的:探讨阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检与传统宫颈活检对宫颈疾病诊断的临床应用及影响因素研究。方法:选择2015年5月至2016年3月我院妇科收治的宫颈疾病患者86例,按照随机数表法,将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组43例。对照组患者进行常规的宫颈活检,研究组患者采用阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检。对比两种检查方法与病理检查结果的检出率,并比较两种检查方法的漏诊率,另外考察影响阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检漏诊率的相关因素。结果:与病理检查结果相比,除宫颈炎和宫颈癌外,研究组对其他类型宫颈疾病的检出率及总检出率明显高于对照组(P0.05);除宫颈癌外,研究组对各种宫颈疾病的漏诊率与对照组相比明显下降(P0.05);年龄超过50岁,高级别的CIN类型、标本个数的减少及宫颈微小病变都可能升高阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检漏诊率。结论:与传统宫颈活检相比,阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检对宫颈疾病的诊断具有较高的诊断率,并且漏诊率较低,可以适当增加活检的样本个数来降低漏诊率,从而尽早发现并进行有效治疗,值得在临床上推广应用。     

Pathogenetic determinants in Kawasaki disease: the haematological point of view

Kawasaki disease is a multisystemic vasculitis that can result in coronary artery lesions. It predominantly affects young children and is characterized by prolonged fever, diffuse mucosal inflammation, indurative oedema of the hands and feet, a polymorphous skin rash and non‐suppurative lymphadenopathy. Coronary artery involvement is the most important complication of Kawasaki disease and may cause significant coronary stenosis resulting in ischemic heart disease. The introduction of intravenous immunoglobulin decreases the incidence of coronary artery lesions to less than 5%. The etiopathogenesis of this disease remains unclear. Several lines of evidence suggest that an interplay between a microbial infection and a genetic predisposition could take place in the development of the disease. In this review, we summarize the state of the art of pathogenetic mechanisms of Kawasaki disease underscoring the relevance of haematological features as a novel field of investigation.     

Regression Models for Clinical Trials with Correlated Categorical Responses

Regression models for correlated categorical data are presented in which the covariance is a function of measured effects. The regression and covariance parameters are estimated by extended least square methods. A numerical example of a clinical trial comparing two antiemetic treatment regimes for patients receiving chemotherapy is given to illustrate the approach.     

Bio-functionalized gold nanoparticles: Benign effect in Sprague-Dawley rats by intravenous administration

Gold nanoparticles offer a great promise in clinical research. Despite various applications of the metal nanoparticles it is challenging to implement in vivo in clinical applications. This aspect is deprived of understanding the biological mechanisms that occurs in the cells. In this report we have evaluated application of AuNP on the safety profile at different doses (100, 200, and 500 μg/kg Bwt/day) on intravenous administration in rats regularly for 28 days. The study was performed based on the OECD test guideline 407. No clinical signs and mortalities were observed in any groups of rat treated with AuNP. No evidence of toxicity was observed in any of the diverse studies performed which is noteworthy. The study includes survival, behavior, animal weight, organ morphology, blood biochemistry and tissue histology. The results indicate that tissue accumulation pattern of gold nanoparticles depends on the surface, size and doses of the nanoparticle. The accumulation of the particles does not produce subacute physiological damage.     

Unravelling the correlates of species richness and ecological uniqueness in a metacommunity of urban pond insects

City ponds have the potential to harbour a rich biodiversity of aquatic insects despite being located in an urban landscape. However, our current knowledge on the correlates of pond biodiversity is limited and even less is known about the factors that influence the ecological uniqueness of urban ponds. The multiple environmental gradients, at different spatial scales, that may affect biodiversity and ecological uniqueness of urban ponds can thus be seen both as an opportunity and as a challenge for a study. In this study, we aimed to fill this gap by focusing on aquatic insect assemblages in 51 ponds in the Swedish city of Stockholm, using a metacommunity perspective. We found that species richness was primarily determined by the density of aquatic insects, water depth and proportion of buildings around the pond. The uniqueness of ponds was estimated as local contributions to beta diversity (LCBD), and it was primarily related to the proportion of arable land and industry around the ponds. With regard to the metacommunity we found two interesting patterns. First, there was a negative relationship between richness and LCBD. Second, biodiversity was spatially independent, suggesting that spatially-patterned dispersal did not structure species richness or LCBD. These last two patterns are important when considering conservation efforts of biodiversity in city ponds. We hence suggest that the conservation of insect biodiversity in urban pond should consider the surroundings of the ponds, and that high-richness ponds are not necessarily those that require most attention because they are not ecologically the most unique.     

氨溴索佐治新生儿吸入性肺炎的临床疗效观察

目的观察氨溴索佐治新生儿吸入性肺炎的临床疗效。方法选取2015年10月~2016年10月我院收治的新生儿吸入性肺炎患儿88例为研究对象,根据患儿出生时间先后顺序分为对照组和观察组,每组44例。对照组患儿采用保暖、清理呼吸道、氧疗、抗感染等常规治疗方法,观察组患儿在常规治疗的基础上加氨溴索治疗,并对两组患儿的治疗总有效率、体征改善时间、住院时间、不良反应发生情况等进行比较分析。结果观察组患儿的治疗总有效率为95.00%,明显高于对照组的77.50%;观察组患儿呼吸困难、紫绀、口吐泡沫、肺部啰音等症状体征改善时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(均P0.05)。结论氨溴索佐治新生儿吸入性肺炎的临床疗效良好,可促进患儿临床体征快速改善,且无药物不良反应,安全性高,值得临床推广应用。