蜡梅种子抑菌成分研究

在抑菌活性追踪指导下,采用硅胶柱层析的方法。从蜡梅种子中分离得到一活性化合物A,经质谱、核磁共振波谱等技术鉴定为d－洋蜡梅碱。经杀虫活性和抑菌活性测定,该化合物对粘虫的幼虫无毒杀活性;对西瓜枯萎病菌、玉米小斑病菌、玉米大斑病菌、番茄早疫病菌均有显著的抑菌活性。其抑制中浓（EC50）分别为：3878．8、29．3、103．1、328．3mg／L,但对油菜菌核病菌无抑制活性。     

Constituents from Chimonanthus praecox (wintersweet)

One new (1) and seven (2–8) known sesquiterpenoids, four dimeric tryptamine-related alkaloids (9–12) and six glycosides (13–18) were isolated from the fruits and leaves of Chimonanthus praecox (wintersweet). Based on its spectroscopic data, the new structure of compound 1, an oppositane-type sesquiterpenoid, was elucidated to be the C-4 epimer of bullatantriol (2). All isolated compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxicities against a small panel of human cancer cell lines, and only the chimonanthine-type alkaloids (10–12) were found to have cytotoxic effects against gastric carcinoma NUGC3 and hepatocarcinoma SNU739 cancer cells, with IC₅₀ values ranging from 10.3 to 19.7 μM.     

The Chimonanthus salicifolius genome provides insight into magnoliid evolution and flavonoid biosynthesis

Chimonanthus salicifolius, a member of the Calycanthaceae of magnoliids, is one of the most famous medicinal plants in Eastern China. Here, we report a chromosome‐level genome assembly of C. salicifolius, comprising 820.1 Mb of genomic sequence with a contig N50 of 2.3 Mb and containing 36 651 annotated protein‐coding genes. Phylogenetic analyses revealed that magnoliids were sister to the eudicots. Two rounds of ancient whole‐genome duplication were inferred in the C. salicifolious genome. One is shared by Calycanthaceae after its divergence with Lauraceae, and the other is in the ancestry of Magnoliales and Laurales. Notably, long genes with > 20 kb in length were much more prevalent in the magnoliid genomes compared with other angiosperms, which could be caused by the length expansion of introns inserted by transposon elements. Homologous genes within the flavonoid pathway for C. salicifolius were identified, and correlation of the gene expression and the contents of flavonoid metabolites revealed potential critical genes involved in flavonoids biosynthesis. This study not only provides an additional whole‐genome sequence from the magnoliids, but also opens the door to functional genomic research and molecular breeding of C. salicifolius.     

中国蜡梅上的瘿螨二新种(蜱螨亚纲,瘿螨总科)

记述寄生在蜡梅Chimonanthus praecox(Linn.)Link.(蜡梅科Calycanthaceae)叶子上的瘿螨2新种:蜡梅离子瘿螨Leipothrix chimonae sp.nov.和蜡梅双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus praecoxsp.nov.。模式标本保存在河北大学博物馆。蜡梅离子瘿螨,新种Leipothrix chimonae sp.nov.(图1～5)正模♀,副模:25♀♀,2♂♂,2009-06-01,陕西省岚皋县蜡烛村,海拔600m,谢满超采。寄主为蜡梅Chimonanthuspraecox(Linn.)Link.(蜡梅科Calycanthaceae)。新种与悬钩子离子瘿螨Leipothrix yipingae Shi,2000相似,但新种背盾板具背中线,雌生殖盖片基部具纵线,端部饰有斜线,羽状爪3支,而悬钩子离子瘿螨L.yipingae背盾板上无背中线,雌生殖盖片饰有短线和粒点,羽状爪4支。蜡梅双羽爪瘿螨,新种Diptacus praecox sp.nov.(图6～12)正模♀,副模:8♀♀,7♂♂,2009-06-01,陕西省岚皋县蜡烛村,海拔600m,谢满超采。寄主为蜡梅Chimonanthuspraecox(Linn.)Link.(蜡梅科Calycanthaceae)。新种与臭樱双羽爪瘿螨Diptacus maddenis Song,Xue etHong,2007相似,但新种足Ⅰ基节间具胸线,基节饰有线条和粒点,雌生殖器盖片上饰有1排纵肋,而臭樱双羽爪瘿螨D.maddenis足Ⅰ基节间无胸线,基节饰有粒点,雌生殖器盖片基部饰有粒点。     

中国神农架蜡梅属一新变种和新变型

描述了蜡梅（Chimonanthus praecox L.）一新变种即卷瓣蜡梅,该变种与原变种的主要区别是中花被片高度反卷,中被片颜色为白色或金黄色,主要分布于神农架林区。其中中被片颜色为白色的卷瓣蜡梅可以被看作一个新变型跳枝蜡梅。     

蜡梅AFLP分子标记技术体系的建立

利用简易CTAB法、改良的CTAB法和SDS法提取蜡梅[Chimonanthus praecox(L.)Link]成熟叶和嫩叶的基因组,并进行了检测比较。结果显示,改良的CTAB法更适合蜡梅基因组DNA的提取,蜡梅叶片的年龄并不影响蜡梅基因组DNA的提取;同时利用AFLP分子标记技术,采用MseI-EcoR I酶切组合,从168对引物中筛选出10对带型分布均匀、多态性高且分辨能力强的引物,分别为:M23E46、M24E46、M25E46、M23E47、M24E47、M41E47、M41E94、M64E94、M64E66和M24E75,并确定了适用于蜡梅AFLP反应的最佳酶切连接、预扩和选扩体系,从而为今后利用AFLP分子标记技术研究蜡梅的品种分类和野生居群的遗传多样性分析打下坚实的基础。     

广东省野生植物一新记录科——蜡梅科

报道了广东省野生植物一新记录科--蜡梅科(Calycanthaceae)、一新记录属--蜡梅属(Chimonanthus)及一新记录种--山蜡梅(Chimonanthus nitens Oliv.).标本存放于华南农业大学林学院树木标本室(CANT).     

蜡梅17个品种过氧化物同工酶的研究

采用聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳系统,多次进行了蜡梅17个品种的过氧化物同工酶测定。测定结果发现:蜡梅酶谱具有多态特性;蜡梅品种间酶谱差异显著,每个品种均有其特征酶谱,或以其酶带数目、Ff及活性强弱、酶带宽度与其它品种相区别。同时,采用"排序方法"和聚类分析,对蜡酶17个品种酶谱的相似程度进行了研究。研究结果表明,两种方法研究蜡梅品种的酶谱,均可达到定量比较水平,避免单一酶谱谱带确定蜡梅品种的偏阳性,为其品种鉴定与检验提供了新的依据和手段。同时,还表明,聚类分析进行的蜡梅品种酶谱聚类结果,与其形态分类相一致,但与其品种群划分不相吻合,其原因可能与蜡梅品种起源的复杂性和多源性所引起。     

鄢陵蜡梅品种资源调查及其产业开发利用

介绍了鄢陵蜡梅栽培的自然地理条件及其现存的主要品种,概述了鄢陵蜡梅的总体特点,并指出鄢陵蜡梅产业发展的优势和今后的产业定位。     

培养基组分及培养条件对蜡梅花粉萌发及花粉管生长的影响

采用液体培养法研究不同培养基组分和培养条件对蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长的影响。结果表明:(1)PEG-4000是蜡梅花粉离体培养所必需的培养基成分,当培养基中无PEG-4000时,花粉不能正常萌发。(2)培养基内低浓度蔗糖对花粉萌发和花粉管的生长无显著影响,但随着蔗糖浓度的升高,则对花粉萌发和花粉管生长表现出强烈的抑制作用,且浓度越高,抑制效应越强。(3)培养基内其它组分分别在一定浓度范围(0～250g/L PEG-4000、0～50mg/L硼酸、0～30mg/L硝酸钙)内对花粉萌发及花粉管生长有促进作用,但超过上述高限值时则起抑制作用。(4)培养基内镁和钾的浓度对花粉萌发及花粉管生长影响不显著。研究表明,蜡梅最适花粉液体培养基组分为250g/L PEG-4000+50mg/L H3BO3+30mg/L Ca(NO3)2.4H2O,且在pH 5.5、温度15℃和600lx的光照培养条件下蜡梅花粉萌发和花粉管生长最佳。