阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检与传统宫颈活检在宫颈疾病诊断中的应用价值比较

目的:探讨阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检与传统宫颈活检对宫颈疾病诊断的临床应用及影响因素研究。方法:选择2015年5月至2016年3月我院妇科收治的宫颈疾病患者86例,按照随机数表法,将患者分为对照组和研究组,每组43例。对照组患者进行常规的宫颈活检,研究组患者采用阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检。对比两种检查方法与病理检查结果的检出率,并比较两种检查方法的漏诊率,另外考察影响阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检漏诊率的相关因素。结果:与病理检查结果相比,除宫颈炎和宫颈癌外,研究组对其他类型宫颈疾病的检出率及总检出率明显高于对照组(P0.05);除宫颈癌外,研究组对各种宫颈疾病的漏诊率与对照组相比明显下降(P0.05);年龄超过50岁,高级别的CIN类型、标本个数的减少及宫颈微小病变都可能升高阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检漏诊率。结论:与传统宫颈活检相比,阴道镜直视宫颈多点活检对宫颈疾病的诊断具有较高的诊断率,并且漏诊率较低,可以适当增加活检的样本个数来降低漏诊率,从而尽早发现并进行有效治疗,值得在临床上推广应用。     

宫颈癌患者外周血CD4+CD25+high调节性T细胞的表达及意义

目的:探讨宫颈癌患者外周血中CD4~ CD25~( high)调节性T(regulator T cells,Tr)的表达及意义。方法:采用流式细胞术检测52例宫颈癌患者,35例健康女性外周血中CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr、细胞毒性T细胞(cytotoxic T lymphocytes,CTL)和NK细胞,采用ELISA检测血清中-干扰素(interferon,IFN-)的表达水平。结果:宫颈癌患者外周血CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr占CD4~ T淋巴细胞的百分比为(7.18±2.32)%,高于健康女性组(P<0.05);宫颈癌患者外周血CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr水平与CTL、NK细胞及IFN-水平呈负相关。结论:宫颈癌患者外周血中具免疫抑制活性的CD4~ CD25~( high)Tr水平较高,参与宫颈癌患者的肿瘤免疫抑制。     

A review of methods to assess coactivation in the spine

Coactivation is an important component for understanding the physiological cost of muscular and spinal loads and their associations with spinal pathology and potentially myofascial pain. However, due to the complex and dynamic nature of most activities of daily living, it can be difficult to capture a quantifiable measure of coactivation. Many methods exist to assess coactivation, but most are limited to two-muscle systems, isometric/complex analyses, or dynamic/uniplanar analyses. Hence, a void exists in that coactivation has not been documented or assessed as a multiple-muscle system under realistic complex dynamic loading. Overall, no coactivation index has been capable of assessing coactivation during complex dynamic exertions. The aim of this review is to provide an understanding of the factors that may influence coactivation, document the metrics used to assess coactivity, assess the feasibility of those metrics, and define the necessary variables for a coactivation index that can be used for a variety of tasks. It may also be clinically and practically relevant in the understanding of rehabilitation effectiveness, efficiency during task performance, human-task interactions, and possibly the etiology for a multitude of musculoskeletal conditions.     

The use of digital images to evaluate the interobserver agreement on cervical smear readings in Italian cervical cancer screening

G. Tinacci, A. Biggeri, A. Pellegrini, M.P. Cariaggi, M.L. Schiboni and M. Confortini The use of digital images to evaluate the interobserver agreement on cervical smear readings in Italian cervical cancer screening Objective: The aim of this study was to measure interobserver agreement among cytologists on using a set of digital images. Methods: A set of 90 selected Papanicolaou‐stained cervical smears were digitalized and the digital images circulated among 117 readers, from laboratories spread across almost all Italian regions. Three representative fields of each smear were displayed at 20× and 40× magnification (overall six images for each case). The diagnoses made by the cytologists who provided the images were taken as target diagnoses. Results: The κ values were: very low for the categories atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC‐US), and atypical squamous cells – cannot exclude high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (ASC‐H); poor for the categories atypical glandular cells (AGC), high‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL) and invasive cancer; and fair to good for the categories negative and low‐grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL). However, we found a cluster of 42 best concordant readers. The overall κ value and overall weighted κ with the target diagnosis for these 42 readers were 0.45 and 0.66, respectively. This finding is in contrast with the overall κ value and overall weighted κ for the other readers of 0.39 and 0.59, respectively. Conclusions: As this finding is an estimate of the accuracy of the readers, we can infer that it will be very important to reach this level of concordance for all the participating readers. Future effort will facilitate common experiences in order to improve the reproducibility of diagnostic criteria. Digital images could be the key to reach this aim.     

Antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of Glycyrrhizin against HPV16+ Caski cervical cancer cells: A plausible association with downreguation of HPV E6 and E7 oncogenes and Notch signaling pathway

Cervical cancer (CCa) is the second most frequent carcinoma in females and human papilloma virus (HPV) oncoproteins are regarded as one of the critical etiological agent. Despite recent advances in screening and management of CCa, still it remains the deadliest carcinoma as advanced and metastatic stages are mostly incurable. This urges for the development of newer therapeutic interventions. The current was aimed to investigate the antiproliferative and apoptotic potential of glycyrrhizin (Gly) against HPV16⁺ CaSki CCa cells. Our findings substantiated that Gly exerted antiproliferative effects on the CaSki cells by obstructing their proliferation rate. Gly substantially enhanced apoptosis in Caski cells in a dose-dependent manner via augmenting the generation of ROS, DNA fragmentation and disruption of the mitochondrial membrane potential. Gly mediated apoptosis in CaSki cells was found to be due to activation of caspase-8 and capsase-9 along with the modulation of pro-and anti-apoptotic gene expression. Moreover, Gly halts the progression of CaSki cells at G₀/G₁ phase which was found to be due to reduced expression of cyclin D1 and cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) along with the enhanced expression of CDK inhibitor p21^Cip1. Further, Gly downregulates the expression of HPV oncoproteins (E6 & E7) along with the inhibition of Notch signaling pathway. Taken together, Gly represents as a potential therapeutic modality for CCa which could rapidly be translated for clinical studies.     

早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤腹腔镜手术中两种示踪剂前哨淋巴结活检结果的对比分析

目的:通过在早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤患者中应用吲哚箐绿(ICG)及纳米炭混悬液为示踪剂行腹腔镜下前哨淋巴结(sentinel lymph node,SLN)切除术,对比两种示踪剂的示踪效果,寻找临床更适宜普遍使用的示踪剂。方法:选取仁济医院妇瘤科2016.8～2019.10期间诊断明确的122例早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤患者为研究对象。随机采用ICG或纳米炭为前哨示踪剂。对两种示踪剂的显影情况和SLN的示踪效果进行分析。结果:在122例子宫颈恶性肿瘤病例中,宫颈注射ICG64例,检出SLN385枚,平均每个患者检出6.02枚SLN,检出率100%(64/64),特异度96.77%,敏感度75%。宫颈注射纳米炭混悬液58例,检出SLN265枚,平均每个患者检出4.57枚SLN,检出率96.9%(56/58),特异度96.36%,敏感度66.67%。两种示踪剂都有较好的示踪效果(P=0.9356)。结论:早期子宫颈恶性肿瘤行宫颈注射ICG或纳米炭混悬液,腹腔镜下显影的SLN均具有较高的检出率与准确率,是一种较为可行的方法,可普遍开展,值得推广。     

显微镜下减压联合前路Zero-P治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效分析

目的:探讨前路颈椎显微镜辅助下精准减压联合前路椎间隙Zero-P融合器置入治疗颈椎病的早期临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析2016年6月至2018年1月我院收治的43例颈椎病患者,处理节段共73个;患者均行显微镜辅助颈椎前路减压、髓核切除、Zero-P置入融合内固定术。记录患者手术节段、手术时间,术中失血量及并发症。手术前,术后1个月、3个月、6个月、末次随访时的颈部及上肢疼痛视觉模拟评分(Visual Analogue Scale,VAS)、颈部日本骨科协会评分(Japanese Orthopedic Association,JOA)和颈椎残障功能指数(Neck Disability Index,NDI),并采用配对t检验对不同时间点的评分进行分析,评估临床疗效。并同期行颈椎X线、CT及MRI检查,测量和评估椎间隙高度、颈椎Cobb角的改变情况和邻近节段异位骨化形成(Adjacent Level Ossification Development,ALOD)。结果:所有患者术后均获得随访,随访时间12-18个月,平均(14.9±2.2)个月。平均手术时间(82.2±20.9)min,失血量(91.5±33.7) m L;未发生神经和血管损伤等严重并发症。与术前相比,患者术后1个月、3个月、6个月及末次随访时的VAS评分、JOA评分、NDI评分、椎间隙高度及Cobb角均明显改善,差异有统计学意义(P0.05)。但术后随访时间点比较,差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。术后出现轻度吞咽困难2例,中度和重度吞咽困难各1例。随访期间,所有患者均获椎间骨性融合,未发生Zero-P融合器松动、滑脱或断裂,椎体未出现继发性骨折。结论:显微镜辅助颈椎前路椎间盘切除、Zero-P融合器置入治疗颈椎病,能够精准的去除神经脊髓组织的压迫,术后短期和中期临床疗效良好,同时显微镜下止血、术中出血少;视野清晰、手术安全性高。     

宫颈癌患者新辅助化疗前后miR-138的表达及与化疗敏感性的关系研究

目的:研究宫颈癌患者新辅助化疗前后微小RNA-138(mi R-138)的表达及与化疗敏感性的关系。方法:选取2016年2月至2018年7月我院收治的宫颈癌患者18例为研究对象。所有患者均给予新辅助化疗,并根据治疗后的效果分为化疗有效组与化疗无效组。采用微阵列芯片技术分别检测两组患者化疗前后的mi R-138表达水平,同时采用Western blot技术检测mi R-138基因靶蛋白γH2AX的表达情况,分析患者化疗后mi R-138表达水平与临床病理特征的关系。结果:化疗有效组化疗后mi R-138△Ct值明显低于化疗前,且明显低于化疗无效组(P0.05),而化疗无效组化疗后mi R-138△Ct值与化疗前比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。化疗后两组靶蛋白γH2AX相对表达量均明显低于化疗前(P0.05),化疗有效组靶蛋白γH2AX相对表达量的差值显著低于化疗无效组(P0.05)。宫颈癌患者新辅助化疗后组织中mi R-138△Ct差值与肿瘤分化程度、浸润深度和淋巴结转移密切相关(P0.05),与年龄、FIGO临床分期无关(P0.05)。结论:新辅助化疗可以改变宫颈癌患者的mi R-138表达水平,且mi R-138的表达水平可能与化疗药物敏感性密切相关。     

加味二妙颗粒联合重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响

目的:探讨加味二妙颗粒联合重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变的疗效及对患者免疫功能的影响。方法:将西北妇女儿童医院妇科门诊自2018年1月至2019年1月收治的确诊为宫颈上皮内瘤变患者300例作为研究对象,将其随机的分为研究组和对照组,每组各150例。研究组患者给予加味二妙颗粒联合重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊进行治疗,对照组患者给予重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊进行治疗,比较两组患者治疗后的临床总有效率,治疗前后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞水平和中医证候评分的变化及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后,研究组临床总有效率为91.33%,明显高于对照组(74.67%,P0.05)。两组治疗后CD3~+、CD4~+、CD8~+、NK细胞水平均较治疗前明显升高,且研究组以上指标显著高于对照组(P0.05)。研究组治疗后中医证候评分降低程度明显优于对照组,其不良反应发生率为10.00%,明显低于对照组(28.67%,P0.05)。结论:与单用重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗相比,加味二妙颗粒联合使用重组人干扰素a2b阴道泡腾胶囊治疗宫颈上皮内瘤变患者可显著提高患者的免疫功能,缓解症状,提高治疗效果,且安全性更高。     

加速康复外科理念在根治性子宫切除术患者中的应用研究

目的:探讨加速康复外科理念对行根治性子宫切除术的宫颈癌患者的围手术期应用价值。方法:选取2013年1月至2018年7月在我院行因宫颈癌行根治性子宫切除术的66例患者作为研究对象。将入院患者随机分为观察组及对照组,观察组接受加速康复外科理念治疗(30例),对照组为常规治疗组(36例)。比较两组患者的肠鸣音恢复时间、肛门排气时间、下床行走时间、术后住院时间以及术后并发症的发生情况。结果:观察组与对照组肠鸣音恢复时间分别为(35.9±3.4)h及(39.6±3.0)h,术后首次排气时间分别为(50.7±2.7)h及(54.8±3.2)h,下床行走时间分别为(49.9±2.6)h及(53.6±3.2)h。术后住院时间分别为(7.6±1.7)d及(9.2±1.8)d,观察组以上指标均显著短于对照组(P0.01)。观察组与对照组的术后并发症总发生率分别为10.11%及23.44%,观察组显著低于对照组(P0.05)。两组拔除尿管后尿潴留的发生情况比较差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:加速康复外科理念用于宫颈癌根治术患者的围手术期可有效加速患者的康复,且安全性较高。