首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   30篇
  免费   2篇
  国内免费   1篇
  2023年   1篇
  2019年   3篇
  2015年   1篇
  2014年   1篇
  2013年   1篇
  2011年   1篇
  2010年   1篇
  2009年   2篇
  2008年   1篇
  2007年   3篇
  2006年   2篇
  2005年   2篇
  2004年   6篇
  2003年   2篇
  2002年   1篇
  2001年   3篇
  2000年   1篇
  1998年   1篇
排序方式: 共有33条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
2.
3.
张洪茂 《动物学杂志》2019,54(5):754-765
食物贮藏是许多动物应对食物短缺、保障其生存和繁衍的一种适应性行为。保护好贮藏食物以供食物短缺期利用,是食物贮藏成功的标志和进化动力。同种或异种动物盗食是贮藏食物损失的重要原因。嗅觉、视觉与空间记忆、随机搜寻等是动物搜寻和盗取食物的重要手段;避免盗食、阻止盗食和容忍盗食是动物反盗食的重要策略。动物通常采用多种行为策略进行盗食和反盗食,分配食物资源,形成相对稳定的种内、种间关系。盗食与反盗食互作及其对贮食行为进化的意义已成为行为生态学的研究热点和前沿之一,针对鸟类和哺乳类动物的研究尤为丰富。本文总结了贮食动物常见的盗食和反盗食行为策略及其相互作用的研究进展,主要内容涉及贮食动物利用嗅觉、视觉与空间记忆、随机搜寻等盗取其他个体食物的盗食策略,以及通过隐藏、转移、保卫、容忍等方式减少被盗食,保护贮藏食物的行为策略。针对现有研究状况,从种间盗食与反盗食及其与物种共存的关系,种间非对称盗食关系及其适应意义,盗食与反盗食最适行为策略及其与贮食动物适合度的关系等方面对今后研究提出了建议。  相似文献   
4.
5.
We investigated the effects of pilferage on caching behaviorin the Merriam's kangaroo rat by manipulating two factors associatedwith pilferage: the presence of a conspecific, and the opportunityfor pilferage. In one experiment we assessed animals in either"Stealer" or "Victim" roles and measured changes in caching,space use, and behavior after caches were pilfered. Victimsshifted from a majority scatter-hoarding to a majority larder-hoardingstrategy after their caches were pilfered by the Stealer. InExperiment 2, we measured changes after exposure to a conspecificwhen there was no pilferage, with or without prior exposureto pilferage from Experiment 1. Merriam's kangaroo rats werevigilant when a conspecific was present, but did not changecache strategy. Prior exposure did not have any major effecton caching or behavior. Food storage is an economic decisionthat is often made by a solitary forager. Our results suggestthat social competition nonetheless influences such economic decisions, even in a nonsocial forager.  相似文献   
6.
The abiotic environment often influences the ways in which animalsinteract. By affecting the cues associated with buried seeds,the type of substrate used by seed-caching rodents may alterthe relative probabilities of cache pilferage and cache retrieval.We predicted that, after a wildfire, the presence of ash wouldimpair rodents' ability to smell pine seeds on the forest floor.In a laboratory experiment, we compared the foraging success,caching frequency, and cache recovery of chipmunks (six Tamiasamoenus and six T. quadrimaculatus) in ash versus sand substrates.Initial results supported our hypothesis: chipmunks found only2.3% of 108 caches of Jeffrey pine (Pinus jeffreyi) seeds thatwe buried in ash but found 98% of caches in sand. However, chipmunksmade as many or more of their own caches in ash compared withsand (48% for T. amoenus, 73% for T. quadrimaculatus.) Whenforaging for seeds cached in ash by themselves and by otherindividuals, they found significantly higher proportions oftheir own caches (62%) than of caches made by others (25%).However, when foraging in sand, they found high proportionsboth of their own caches and those of others (86 versus 81%).These results suggest that olfaction is less effective in ashthan in sand, that spatial memory enables chipmunks to recovertheir own caches in ash, and that caching in ash may allow animalsto avoid pilferage of stored food. As chipmunks are importantdispersers of seeds, changes in their foraging patterns or competitiveinteractions after fire could significantly affect pine regeneration.  相似文献   
7.
A mixed conodont fauna-bearing limestone breccia, informally designated as Necoslie breccia, crops out as an internal sediment hosted by the Lower Moscovian limestone unit of the Pope limestone succession (Bashkirian to Asselian) of Cache Creek Complex in central British Columbia, reconstructed as a mid-oceanic buildup upon a seamount, or an oceanic plateau. Necoslie breccia consists predominantly of limestone fragments derived from the host rocks, with subordinate isolated skeletal debris, all embedded in a matrix of fine-grained clastic carbonates. The mixed conodont fauna yields the youngest element indicative of Carnian. Our microscopic examination and conodont paleontological data show that Necoslie breccia is better defined as a neptunian dyke formed by infilling sedimentation of carbonates in a fracturing-generated submarine cavity, rather than a karstic cave-fill deposit. We postulate that infilling sedimentation took place immediately after the formation of the cavity, most likely in a transgression period during Carnian time.  相似文献   
8.
啮齿动物的分散贮食行为   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
食物贮藏是许多动物重要的适应性行为,分散贮藏的食物以植物种子为主。每个贮藏点贮藏数量不等的食物项目。啮齿动物分散贮藏食物之后,可降低食物被其他个体获取的机率,提高对食物资源的控制能力,最终有利于自身的生存和繁殖成功。植物种子被贮藏之后,可减少非贮食鼠类对种子的取食。同时,合适的微生境和埋藏有利于种子萌发、幼苗建成和植物的更新;使植物的分布区得以扩展。探讨啮齿动物的分散贮食行为,能够更好地理解食物贮藏在啮齿动物生活史中的作用,进一步认识鼠类和植物的相互关系以及不同啮齿动物在群落形成中的潜在作用。本综述了啮齿动物分散贮食的研究进展,并提出今后工作中的几点建议。  相似文献   
9.
种子大小对小泡巨鼠贮藏行为的影响   总被引:2,自引:1,他引:1  
以小泡巨鼠为研究对象,在围栏条件下,测定小泡巨鼠对大小两种栓皮栎种子的贮藏行为差异,以检验最优贮藏空间模型的两个预测:(1)大种子(高价值食物)的贮藏率大于小种子(低价值食物);(2)大种子的贮藏距离远于小种子.结果表明:大种子的搬运比例(39%)多于小种子(21.5%),多数的小种子(53%)被取食,大种子的贮藏比率(16%)远大于小种子(7%),上述结果支持模型的预测(1).但是,不同大小种子在贮藏距离上没有显著差异,因而预测(2)没有被支持.实验结果表明种子价值对鼠类的取食和贮藏行为有十分重要的影响,但围栏空间可能影响对模型预测(2)的检验.  相似文献   
10.
We studied the effect of pilferage rates, variation in foodencounter rate, and predation risk on cache and fat-storageregulation using dynamic programming. Previous predictionsthat small birds facing increased pilferage rates should cacheless and store more body fat are not generally supported. Instead,cache investment (caching rate or percent of food cached) is predicted to be unimodal, peaking at intermediate pilferagerates. This pattern is determined, in part, by pilferage-inducedchanges in time budgets: at low pilferage rates, a marginalincrease in pilferage rates can be offset by an increase incache investment. However, increased caching increases time allocated to both caching and foraging. The increased foragingis caused by the energetic costs of caching and by the lossof energy from the cache. Increased time spent caching andforaging in turn decreases time spent resting under low predationrisk. Above some threshold pilferage rate, the marginal valueof resting exceeds the marginal value of caching, and cacheinvestment declines with further increasing pilferage rates.These patterns hold for three levels of variation in food encounterrate: time-invariant, between-day, and within-day variation;they also hold across different mean rates of food encounter.We show that previous predictions concerning decreased energy-storagelevels with increased food abundance are not supported when there is between-day variation in mean food encounter ratesand food abundance increases only on "good" days. Finally,predation risk affects the predictions described above in twoways. First, these trends assume that the birds can rest ina predator-free refuge. If the refuge is not available, birdsare predicted to cache less at higher pilferage rates irrespectiveof the absolute level of pilferage. With the refuge in place,levels of predation risk affect the skew in the pilferage-rate/cachingfunction. As a result, the relative effect of predation riskon caching intensity varies with pilfer rate. At very low pilferrates, lowered predation risk causes more caching, but loweredpredation risk under high pilferage rates can lower caching intensity, contrary to previous predictions. Surprisingly, predationrisk has an appreciable effect on body mass only when the birdis predicted to cease caching (i.e., at the highest pilferrates); otherwise a change of two orders of magnitude in theprobability of encountering predators has little effect on body mass. Our results suggest that the tradeoffs associatedwith the joint regulation of internal energy stores and externallycached stores are more complicated than previous literaturewould indicate. Our results also show that we have underestimatedthe role that time budgets play in patterns of energy regulation.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号