首页 | 本学科首页   官方微博 | 高级检索  
文章检索
  按 检索   检索词:      
出版年份:   被引次数:   他引次数: 提示:输入*表示无穷大
  收费全文   761篇
  免费   97篇
  国内免费   234篇
  2023年   21篇
  2022年   13篇
  2021年   39篇
  2020年   34篇
  2019年   34篇
  2018年   25篇
  2017年   35篇
  2016年   35篇
  2015年   32篇
  2014年   35篇
  2013年   62篇
  2012年   38篇
  2011年   55篇
  2010年   33篇
  2009年   47篇
  2008年   55篇
  2007年   65篇
  2006年   74篇
  2005年   39篇
  2004年   33篇
  2003年   29篇
  2002年   41篇
  2001年   39篇
  2000年   31篇
  1999年   11篇
  1998年   13篇
  1997年   17篇
  1996年   5篇
  1995年   10篇
  1994年   10篇
  1993年   7篇
  1992年   6篇
  1991年   6篇
  1990年   3篇
  1989年   9篇
  1988年   5篇
  1987年   6篇
  1986年   2篇
  1985年   18篇
  1984年   3篇
  1983年   1篇
  1982年   5篇
  1980年   4篇
  1979年   1篇
  1978年   4篇
  1977年   1篇
  1974年   1篇
排序方式: 共有1092条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
A sudden and nearly synchronous emergence of the red tide forming dinoflagellate Cochlodinium along more than 800 km of California coastline was initially observed in late summer 2004. Thereafter high cell concentrations have been detected on an annual basis. Here, we present quantitative and semi-quantitative data indicating that Cochlodinium was uncommon in the phytoplankton community in California prior to 2004 and is now persisting as a more regular component and one that seasonally can cause red tides. The quantitative portion of this study was primarily conducted in Monterey Bay, where cell densities reached at least 6 × 104 cells L−1 during the initial outbreak. A semi-quantitative comparison of California coastal counties by the California Department of Health Services (CDHS) was also made: of the 15 counties surveyed (most with multiple sites per county), cells were detected only from Los Angeles County in the south to San Mateo County in the central region (seven counties), but not in the northern part of the state (six counties). Two counties in the central region of the state, San Luis Obispo and Santa Cruz, displayed intense and frequent periods of elevated Cochlodinium cell abundances. Although not observed in the state-wide CDHS survey, we occasionally found cells in San Diego County with densities up to 2.7 × 104 cells L−1. Though these colonial dinoflagellates have been recognized in California for over 80 years, with several “blooms” recorded prior to 2004, the species’ geographic range and abundance in recent years suggest significant shifts in the nearshore phytoplankton community of this region of the eastern Pacific.  相似文献   
2.
粤东柘林湾海域富营养化评价与分析   总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12  
根据2001年7月——2002年7月对柘林湾进行的生态调查所得的数据,运用模糊集理论中的权距离概念结合隶属度的模糊评价方法,以化学耗氧量、总无机氮、活性磷酸盐和叶绿素a为指标,对粤东柘林湾和湾外水域的富营养化状况进行了评价。结果表明,柘林湾的营养状况已达到中营养程度以上,而湾外则处于贫营养状态。  相似文献   
3.
The Delaware Bay is characterized as having greater nutrient and turbidity levels than the Chesapeake Bay. In reference to these differences, a one year study was conducted to identify any similarities and differences in the phytoplankton populations in these estuaries. The results indicated patterns of similarity in the diatom composition, with the total phytoplankton assemblage forming two site groups along a salinity gradient in each bay. These site groups were associated with stations located in the tidal fresh-oligohaline and meso-polyhaline regions of both estuaries. The seasonal concentrations of diatoms and total phytoplankton in both of these regions were higher in the Chesapeake Bay.Subtle differences between the two estuaries include a more diversified and abundant assemblage of neritic phytoplankters (including dinoflagellates) are present in the lower Chesapeake Bay. In contrast, a diatom dominated community is more characteristic of Delaware Bay. It is suggested the entry of neritic species into lower regions of the estuaries was enhanced by the reduced amount of rainfall and flow rates that occurred during the study period. The greater success of neritic species in the Chesapeake Bay is attributed to the lower turbidity of that estuary compared to Delaware Bay.  相似文献   
4.
基于可变模糊评价模型的东山湾生态系统健康评价   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
陆志强  李吉鹏  章耕耘  马丽 《生态学报》2015,35(14):4907-4919
根据东山湾海域环境污染现状和生态系统的特点,从水质环境、沉积物环境、生物残毒以及海洋生物方面构建了东山湾生态系统健康评价指标体系,提出了基于可变模糊评价模型的海湾生态系统健康评价方法,并利用该方法对东山湾生态系统健康状况进行了评价。结果表明:东山湾春季生态系统健康指数为2.36,秋季为2.44,均处于"良与中之间,偏良"水平,春季略优于秋季。影响东山湾生态系统健康状况的主要负面指标因子为鱼卵及仔鱼密度(春秋季健康指数均值为4.95)、营养水平(秋季健康指数为4.47)和底栖生物生物量(春季健康指数为3.59)。实例研究表明该方法通过准则参数α和距离参数p的不同组合变化,以线性与非线性相结合,能够较客观系统、标准量化地评价海湾生态系统健康状况的优劣,。  相似文献   
5.
The microbial metabolism of organic matter (OM) in seagrass beds can create sulfidic conditions detrimental to seagrass growth; iron (Fe) potentially has ameliorating effects through titration of the sulfides and the precipitation of iron-sulfide minerals into the sediment. In this study, the biogeochemical effects of Fe availability and its interplay with sulfur and OM on sulfide toxicity, phosphorous (P) availability, seagrass growth and community structure were tested. The availability of Fe and OM was manipulated in a 2 × 2 factorial experiment arranged in a Latin square, with four replicates per treatment. The treatments included the addition of Fe, the addition of OM, the addition of both Fe and OM as well as no addition. The experiment was conducted in an oligotrophic, iron-deficient seagrass bed. Fe had an 84.5% retention efficiency in the sediments with the concentration of Fe increasing in the seagrass leaves over the course of the experiment. Porewater chemistry was significantly altered with a dramatic decrease in sulfide levels in Fe addition plots while sulfide levels increased in the OM addition treatments. Phosphorus increased in seagrass leaves collected in the Fe addition plots. Decreased sulfide stress was evidenced by heavier δ34S in leaves and rhizomes from plots to which Fe was added. The OM addition negatively affected seagrass growth but increased P availability; the reduced sulfide stress in Fe added plots resulted in elevated productivity. Fe availability may be an important determinant of the impact that OM has on seagrass vitality in carbonate sediments vegetated with seagrasses.  相似文献   
6.
沉积物记录揭示的深圳湾红树林生态系统稳态转变   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
稳态转换作为滨海生态系统的一种灾变现象,其过程伴随着生态系统质量下降和功能退化。深圳湾位于粤港澳大湾区的核心区域,深入理解其生态系统演化过程是进行适应性管理的重要前提。2014年于深圳湾福田红树林湿地获得4根岩芯沉积柱,通过分析沉积和生物地球化学指标(包括金属元素、营养盐、粒度和有机质指标),重建半个世纪以来深圳湾环境的历史变迁,揭示其生态系统发生的稳态转变过程。结果表明:稳态转换发生前(1954-1980),福田红树林沉积物中重金属、无机营养和有机物含量稳定增加,但处于较低水平;稳态转换发生后(1990-2014),深圳湾中污染输入增加,沉积物中重金属和营养盐含量发生明显变化,深圳湾生态系统质量持续下降。通过揭示深圳湾生态系统演变过程及其稳态转变的发生规律,为粤港澳大湾区生态系统修复和管理提供重要的理论依据和参考。  相似文献   
7.
象山港春、夏季大中型浮游动物空间异质性   总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5  
为探明象山港大中型浮游动物空间分布特征及主要影响因素,分别于2010年4月、7月大、小潮期对浮游动物群落和相关环境因子进行调查。四个航次共检出浮游动物成体14大类64种、浮游幼体10大类14种,春、夏季群落结构差异极显著(P=0.001),物种更替率为66.7%,优势种差异明显,共同优势种仅有短尾类溞状幼虫(Brachyura zoea)和仔鱼(Fish larvae)两类幼体;同一季节大、小潮物种相似度约为60%,群落结构差异较小(P=0.031);春季生物量和丰度高于夏季,但物种多样性低于夏季。温度是浮游动物群落季节变化的主导因素。方差分析、聚类和多维尺度分析显示:浮游动物群落空间异质性分布方式受潮流影响,群落结构在大潮期梯度分布特征明显,小潮期通常呈斑块性分布;生物量、丰度和多样性等参数的空间分布取决于群落的分布特征,并受影响于该参数在狭湾口内外的差异。典范对应分析及环境参数统计分析表明:梯度分布主要由盐度、悬浮物的梯度性特征决定;主导斑块性分布的因素多样,不同情况下可能为水深、叶绿素a、营养盐和内外水团相互作用;梯度性和斑块性分布均受到潮流影响。总体来看,象山港浮游动物空间分布主要受水文因素控制,受化学和生物因素影响较弱,其中叶绿素a浓度仅在春季与浮游动物丰度有一定相关性,溶解氧、酸碱度和营养盐等水质参数对浮游动物空间分布几乎无直接影响。  相似文献   
8.
乳山湾东流区沉积物中不同形态磷的分布特征   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
王迪迪    孙耀    石晓勇  徐林梅    孟伟  姜守轩  宋健中 《生态学报》2008,28(5):2417-2417~2423
对2003年8月在乳山湾东流区采集的沉积物样品中的不同形态磷的平面和垂直分布特征进行了分析,并探讨了这些磷的形态分布与贝类养殖的关系,结果表明,不同形态磷在贝类高密度养殖区含量大于低密度养殖区.养殖区的垂直分布比较复杂,在1~20cm范围含量均出现较大波动,这与贝类养殖活动有关.Fe-P、Al-P含量出现较大波动还与污染程度有关,Or-P还与浮游植物活动有关.养殖区Ex-P、Fe-P、NAIP占TP的平均百分含量大于非养殖区,De-P、Oc-P恰好相反.Ca-P是乳山湾沉积物中含量最高的磷形态,Fe-P 和Or-P是最主要的两种生物可获得磷.TP、Or-P含量在养殖区与非养殖区之间没有显著差异,养殖区Fe-P含量高于非养殖区,3种磷的平均含量一般大于其它海区.非生物可获得磷约占TP的60%左右.  相似文献   
9.
10.
Size at sexual maturity, reproductive cycle, and fecundity of the guitarfish, Rhinobatos hynnicephalus, were examined in Ariake Bay, Japan. Females reached sexual maturity at a larger size than males [total length (TL) at 50% sexual maturity: males, 431 mm; females, 476 mm]. Monthly gonadosomatic indices of males decreased abruptly from July to August. Histological examinations confirmed the presence of mature spermatozoa in the testes in July, with semen in seminal vesicles in July and August. Preovulatory ova were observed in females with near-term embryos in August. Parturition occurred in August, immediately followed by mating, ovulation, and fertilization. Gestation period is approximately 1 year. Fertilized uterine eggs without embryonic development were present throughout the annual reproductive cycle. Embryonic development began in June and ended in August, indicating that R. hynnicephalus undergoes embryonic diapause (9 months). Fecundity increased with TL and ranged from 1 to 9 (mean, 4.4) embryos per litter.  相似文献   
设为首页 | 免责声明 | 关于勤云 | 加入收藏

Copyright©北京勤云科技发展有限公司  京ICP备09084417号