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1.
Squalene synthase (SS) catalyzes the biosynthesis of squalene, the first specific intermediate in the cholesterol biosynthetic pathway. To test the feasibility of lowering plasma cholesterol by inhibiting hepatic SS, we generated mice in which SS is specifically knocked out in the liver (L-SSKO) using Cre-loxP technology. Hepatic SS activity of L-SSKO mice was reduced by >90%. In addition, cholesterol biosynthesis in the liver slices was almost eliminated. Although the hepatic squalene contents were markedly reduced in L-SSKO mice, the hepatic contents of cholesterol and its precursors distal to squalene were indistinguishable from those of control mice, indicating the presence of sufficient centripetal flow of cholesterol and/or its precursors from the extrahepatic tissues. L-SSKO mice showed a transient liver dysfunction with moderate hepatomegaly presumably secondary to increased farnesol production. In a fed state, the plasma total cholesterol and triglyceride were significantly reduced in L-SSKO mice, primarily owing to reduced hepatic VLDL secretion. In a fasted state, the hypolipidemic effect was lost. mRNA expression of liver X receptor α target genes was reduced, while that of sterol-regulatory element binding protein 2 target genes was increased. In conclusion, liver-specific ablation of SS inhibits hepatic cholesterol biosynthesis and induces hypolipidemia without increasing significant mortality.  相似文献   
2.
ObjectivesThe aim of this study was to determine the association of “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood groups with incidence of breast cancer.MethodsIn this study, we identified 70 research documents from data based search engines including “PubMed”, “ISI-Web of Knowledge”, “Embase” and “Google Scholar”. The research papers were selected by using the primary key-terms including “ABO blood type”, “Rhesus” blood type and “breast cancer”. The research documents in which “ABO” and “Rhesus” blood types and breast cancer was debated were included. After screening, we reviewed 32 papers and finally we selected 25 research papers which met the inclusion criteria and remaining documents were excluded.ResultsBlood group “A” has high incidence of breast cancer (45.88%), blood group “O” has (31.69%); “B” (16.16%) and blood group “AB” has (6.27%) incidence of breast cancer. Blood group “A” has highest and blood group “AB” has least association with breast cancer. Furthermore, “Rhesus +ve” blood group has high incidence of breast cancer (88.31%) and “Rhesus –ve” blood group has least association with breast cancer (11.68%).ConclusionBlood group “A” and “Rhesus +ve” have high risk of breast cancer, while blood type “AB” and “Rhesus –ve” are at low peril of breast cancer. Physicians should carefully monitor the females with blood group “A” and “Rh +ve” as these females are more prone to develop breast cancer. To reduce breast cancer incidence and its burden, preventive and screening programs for breast cancer especially in young women are highly recommended.  相似文献   
3.
In this study, we explored the cytoprotective potential of silibinin against oxygen–glucose deprivation (OGD)-induced neuronal cell damages, and studied underling mechanisms. In vitro model of ischemic stroke was created by keeping neuronal cells (SH-SY5Y cells and primary mouse cortical neurons) in an OGD condition followed by re-oxygenation. Pre-treatment of silibinin significantly inhibited OGD/re-oxygenation-induced necrosis and apoptosis of neuronal cells. OGD/re-oxygenation-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) reduction were also inhibited by silibinin. At the molecular level, silibinin treatment in SH-SY5Y cells and primary cortical neurons led to significant AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) signaling activation, detected by phosphorylations of AMPKα1, its upstream kinase liver kinase B1 (LKB1) and the downstream target acetyl-CoA Carboxylase (ACC). Pharmacological inhibition or genetic depletion of AMPK alleviated the neuroprotective ability of silibinin against OGD/re-oxygenation. Further, ROS scavenging ability by silibinin was abolished with AMPK inhibition or silencing. While A-769662, the AMPK activator, mimicked silibinin actions and suppressed ROS production and neuronal cell death following OGD/re-oxygenation. Together, these results show that silibinin-mediated neuroprotection requires activation of AMPK signaling.  相似文献   
4.
目的:探析参芎葡萄糖注射液与脑蛋白水解物联合治疗急性脑梗塞患者的临床疗效和对神经功能、血液流变学的影响。方法:入选急性脑梗患者130例,随机分为两组各65例。对照组在常规治疗基础上使用脑蛋白水解物治疗,治疗组在常规治疗基础上不仅使用脑蛋白水解物,还加用参芎葡萄糖注射液治疗,比较两组患者的临床效果、神经功能缺损评分改变和血液流变学情况。结果:治疗组有效率显著高于对照组(P0.05);神经功能缺损评分治疗后均有下降,但治疗组下降幅度更大(P0.05);治疗组红细胞压积、血小板聚集率和纤维蛋白原均显著下降(P0.05),且同期相比,治疗组纤维蛋白原和红细胞压积下降幅度显著优于对照组(P0.05)。结论:参芎葡萄糖注射液与脑蛋白水解物联合治疗急性脑梗塞患者疗效确切,安全可靠,值得临床推广。  相似文献   
5.
脑胶质瘤在成人原发脑肿瘤中居首位,目前的治疗手段疗效较差,手术切除后复发率高,而化疗药物不能有效的穿透血脑屏障并聚集在肿瘤部位。纳米材料作为载药体为其治疗开辟了新的思路,纳米材料在保持药物稳定性,增加其血液循环时间方面有明显优势。但目前纳米材料还存在着一些亟待解决的问题,如穿透血脑屏障(BBB)、准确靶向于脑胶质瘤细胞等。本文简略论述了纳米材料载药的特性及优势,重点就目前纳米材料载药所面临的问题进行综述,总结了纳米药物穿透血脑屏障的多种策略及纳米药物靶向于脑胶质瘤的不同方式,并详细讨论了目前纳米材料载药多重靶向策略,对其未来的发展进行展望。  相似文献   
6.
7.
骨形成蛋白-9(BMP-9)是从胚胎鼠的肝脏c DNA文库中克隆得到的新型细胞因子,属于转化生长因子β超家族的成员,由肝脏非实质细胞合成分泌,在体内以类激素的形式发挥广泛的生物学作用。BMP-9不仅具有强烈的骨诱导活性,促进成骨细胞分化,还可通过调控糖代谢过程中关键酶的表达、促进胰岛素合成及分泌、增加胰岛素敏感性等方式调节体内葡萄糖平衡。本文主要对BMP-9与骨代谢及糖代谢的关系进行综述,为深入认识糖尿病、代谢性骨病及糖尿病性骨质疏松的发生机理提供理论依据,为糖尿病和骨骼疾病的防治提供新的思路。  相似文献   
8.
目的:尝试用混合喂养法建立一种与临床相仿的成年营养性肥胖大鼠模型。方法:55只8周龄SD大鼠随机分为对照组10只(普通饲料喂养)和实验组45只(混合喂养),喂养2周后实验组剔除肥胖抵抗大鼠。每周记录大鼠体重,喂养9周后观察两组大鼠体重、体长、Lee's指数、空腹血糖(FBG)、血脂、葡萄糖耐量水平和肝脏组织病理改变。结果:喂养第9周末,实验组大鼠和对照组大鼠体重分别为(645.6±34.8)g和(483.3±31.5)g,Lee's指数分别为(326.3±24.2)和(302.7±19.8),组间比较有显著差异(P0.05)。实验组血清甘油三酯(TG)、总胆固醇(TC)及低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)、FPG、糖负荷后30、60、120分钟血糖均明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义。HE染色病理结果显示实验组大鼠肝脏均出现脂肪样变,而对照组未见明显变性。结论:本研究所应用的混合喂养法可以稳定成功地建立伴有葡萄糖耐量减低和高脂血症的成年营养性肥胖大鼠模型。  相似文献   
9.
10.
Nbp35 and Cfd1 are prototypical members of the MRP/Nbp35 class of iron-sulfur (FeS) cluster scaffolds that function to assemble nascent FeS clusters for transfer to FeS-requiring enzymes. Both proteins contain a conserved NTPase domain that genetic studies have demonstrated is essential for their cluster assembly activity inside the cell. It was recently reported that these proteins possess no or very low nucleotide hydrolysis activity in vitro, and thus the role of the NTPase domain in cluster biogenesis has remained uncertain. We have reexamined the NTPase activity of Nbp35, Cfd1, and their complex. Using in vitro assays and site-directed mutagenesis, we demonstrate that the Nbp35 homodimer and the Nbp35-Cfd1 heterodimer are ATPases, whereas the Cfd1 homodimer exhibited no or very low ATPase activity. We ruled out the possibility that the observed ATP hydrolysis activity might result from a contaminating ATPase by showing that mutation of key active site residues reduced activity to background levels. Finally, we demonstrate that the fluorescent ATP analog 2′/3′-O-(N′-methylanthraniloyl)-ATP (mantATP) binds stoichiometrically to Nbp35 with a KD = 15.6 μm and that an Nbp35 mutant deficient in ATP hydrolysis activity also displays an increased KD for mantATP. Together, our results demonstrate that the cytosolic iron-sulfur cluster assembly scaffold is an ATPase and pave the way for interrogating the role of nucleotide hydrolysis in cluster biogenesis by this large family of cluster scaffolding proteins found across all domains of life.  相似文献   
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