中国玛蠊属三新种记述(蜚蠊目,姬蠊科)

刺玛蠊属Margattina Bey-Bienko,1958是玛蠊属Margattea Shelford,1911新的同物异名。记述了产于中国的玛蠊属Margattea Shelford,1911的3新种并提出1新组合:华丽玛蠊M.speciosa sp.nov.,分布于湖南、江西;岔突玛蠊M.furcata sp.nov.,分布于贵州;无斑玛蠊M.immaculata sp.nov.,分布于浙江;三刺玛蠊M.trispinosa (Bey-Bienko,1958)comb.nov.,且附中国已知种的检索表。新种模式标本保存在中国科学院上海昆虫博物馆。     

中国新叶蠊属一新种和一新记录种记述(蜚蠊目：姬蠊科)

In the present paper, Neoloboptera Princis is reviewed and one new species, Neoloboptera choui Che, sp. nov., and one new record species, N. reesei Roth, are described and illustrated. All type specimens are kept in the Insect Collection of Southwest University (SWU).     

Rye bread and synthetic bread odorants – effective trap bait and lure for German cockroaches

Bread‐in‐beer and bread‐in‐water are prevalent home recipe trap baits for attracting German cockroaches (GCRs), Blattella germanica (L.) (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), which are significant urban pests. Our objectives were to (1) test the attractiveness of these baits, (2) study the underlying factors of GCR attraction, and (3) determine whether a blend of synthetic bread odorants could replace bread in a trap lure. In large‐arena laboratory experiments with laboratory‐reared GCR males, traps baited with rye bread not only captured eightfold more males than unbaited control traps but also most males released into bioassay arenas. Neither beer nor water enhanced the attractiveness of bread. Bread crust as a bait was more effective than bread crumbs. As Porapak Q headspace volatile extracts of rye bread attracted GCRs, all rye bread odorants in extracts were identified by gas chromatography‐mass spectrometry. Synthetic rye bread odorants and other known bread odorants were then assembled into a master blend. This master blend, and even partial blends lacking certain groups of organic volatiles such as aldehydes and ketones, proved very attractive to GCRs. We conclude that rye bread could be used as an effective bait in retainer traps or, laced with insecticide, as a food source in bait stations. A lure of synthetic bread odorants may eventually replace bread as bait, but the minimum number of essential odorants for that lure has yet to be determined.     

Development of an artificial diet for the western corn rootworm

Toxicants may cause insects to avoid a bait, and yet bait efficacy is dependent upon insects ingesting it in adequate quantities. Amounts ingested are, in turn, determined by meal frequency, meal durations and ingestion rate within meals, but to date no report has been made of these variables for domestic cockroaches. We report an experiment in which sixth instar German cockroach, Blattella germanica, nymphs were initially able to self-select their protein and carbohydrate intake independently, then daily at the start of the scotophase some insects had their choice of foods replaced by a single treatment food, which varied through the presence or absence of protein, carbohydrate, and insecticide. Insect behaviour was recorded for the following 5 h, and the data were subsequently subjected to bout analysis in order to identify discrete meals. The age of insects in days on first exposure to a treatment food (`age') and the amount of food eaten in the observation period were both recorded and included in the analysis. Amounts eaten were affected by insect age and food nutrient content, but not by the presence of insecticide. Toxicant effects were, however, seen on average meal duration and meal frequency, in interactions with age and food nutrient effects. These results suggest ways in which direct observations of behaviours may lead to improved bait design.     

Phospholipid composition and pheromonal activity of nuptial secretion of the male German cockroach, Blattella germanica

As a part of the sequential courtship behavior of the German cockroach, Blattella germanica, females feed on the nuptial secretion from the male tergal glands. The pheromonal secretion, consisting mainly of oligosaccharides and phospholipids, strongly elicits a feeding response in virgin females. The phospholipids were composed of phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. Their fatty acid compositions were determined by chromatographic and enzymatic methods. Although an authentic blend of phospholipids (1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylethanolamine and 1,2-dioleoylphosphatidylcholine) showed a marginal phagostimulant activity, addition of the blend to an authentic blend of oligosaccharides (maltose and maltotriose) strongly enhanced the activity to nearly the level of the crude extract. These results indicate that the nuptial feeding behavior is elicited by a synergistic action between phospholipids and oligosaccharides.     

Differential adaptation to water deprivation in first-instar nymphs of the German cockroach (Blattella germanica) and the brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa)

This study compares the relative abilities of rist-instar nymphs of the german cockroach (Blattella germanica L.) and the brown-banded cockroach (Supella longipalpa F.) to survive prolonged periods of food and/or water deprivation.S. longipalpa nymphs survived significantly longer thanB. germanica nymphs when drinking water was absent, but the advantage ofS. longipalpa overB. germanica disappeared if food was also absent. These results are consistent with the hypothesis thatS. longipalpa is adapted to drier habitats than isB. germanica, and suggest thatS. longipalpa nymphs may be more capable of producing and utilizing extra metabolic water from food thanB. germanica nymphs. Evidence from the literature suggests that this species difference applies mainly to juveniles, since adults ofB. germanica andS. longipalpa do not differ in ability to withstand water deprivation, regardless of food availability.     

中国伪姬蠊亚科一新纪录属和一新种记述(蜚蠊目,姬蠊科)(英文)

报道了中国伪姬蠊亚科1新纪录属,拟刺蠊属Shelfordina Hebard(国外分布:东洋区;国内分布:福建),1新种绕茎拟刺蠊Shelfordina volubilis Wang,sp.nov..模式标本保存在西南大学标本室.     

中国拟截尾蠊属二新种和三新纪录种(蜚蠊目,姬蠊科)

记述中国拟截尾蠊属Hemithyrsocera Saussure 2新种和3新纪录种:二叉拟截尾蠊Hemithyrsocera bifurcata Che,sp.nov.,多突拟截尾蠊Hemithyrsocera multicuspidata Wang,sp.nov.,缘拟截尾蠊H.marginalis(Hanitsch)(中国新纪录种,国内分布:云南,广东),刺突拟截尾蠊H.macifera(Roth)(中国新纪录种,国内分布:云南,广西)和福拟截尾蠊 H.fulmeki Hanitsch(中国新纪录种,国内分布:福建,云南).文中给出了所有中国种类的检索表.模式标本保存在西南大学标本室和中国科学院动物研究所.     

中国毡蠊属二新种和一纪录种记述(蜚蠊目,姬蠊科)

1弧毡蠊,新种 facobsonina arce sp.nov.本种与简毡蠊 facobsonina simples Hebard,1929相似,可从以下特征区分:1)腹部第7背板不特化,后者特化,具1对圆形凹陷;2)中阳茎粗壮,呈棒状具1刷状附属阳茎,后者细长无刷状附属阳茎;3)下生殖板的后端部弧状突出,后缘波状弯曲,后者后端部略弧状突出,后缘近平截.正模♂,湖北秭归九头岭,100 m,1993-06-12,李文柱采.副模:1♂,湖北秭归九头岭,150 m,1993-07-13,姚建采;3♂♂,1♀,同正模;1♂,湖北秭归九头岭,150 m,1993-06-13,黄润质采;1♂,湖北秭归九头岭,150 m,1993-06-12,姚建采;1♂,广西龙胜花绑林区,1963-06-7,刘思孔采.2扭毡蠊,新种,Jacobsonina tortuosa sp.nov.本种与特毡蠊 Jacobsonina aliena(Brunner,1893)相似,但可从以下特征区分:1)下生殖板左侧角呈倒"L"形缺刻,右侧角圆滑呈指状,左侧缘波状弯曲,右侧缘明显弧状突出,但后者的侧缘微凹入,端部窄且平截;2)中阳茎粗壮,呈棒状无附属阳茎,后者中阳茎弯曲且其下具1粗壮的骨片.正模♂,云南西双版纳景洪,650 m,1958-07-5,孟绪武采.副模:2♂♂,云南西双版纳大勐龙,650 m,1957-06-17,王书永采;1♂,同正模;1♂,云南西双版纳大勐龙,650 m,1957-07-10,洪淳培采.     

Female German cockroaches join conspecific groups based on the incidence of auditory cues

Insects deciding whether to approach and join a group of conspecifics may utilize olfactory and auditory signals, or cues, from that group as indicators of its size or the suitability of its shelter. Here we show (1) that German cockroaches, Blattella germanica L. (Dictyoptera: Blattellidae), in groups wing‐fan; (2) that the incidence of wing‐fanning (WF) increases proportionately to group size; and (3) that gravid females utilize auditory cues associated with WF behaviour when they decide whether or not to enter a shelter. In binary choice arena bioassays, proportionately more gravid females avoided shelters associated with play‐back of high‐incidence male‐ or female‐produced WF sound, indicating a high‐density group of conspecifics, but sought shelters associated with play‐back of low‐incidence WF sound, indicating a low‐density group of conspecifics. These auditory cues seem to convey information on group size or density, avoid sensory fatigue in enclosed environments, and allow sonotactic orientation to the group's location.