日本海舍氏贝乌贼内壳的生长特性北大核心CSCD

内壳可完整记录头足类的生活信息,是研究头足类年龄与生长的良好载体。根据2018年12月中国鱿钓船在日本海采集的261尾舍氏贝乌贼(Berryteuthis magter shevtsovi)样本,研究了其内壳长、叶轴长与个体生长的关系,尾锥宽、翼部最大宽度与性腺成熟度的关系以及叶轴、翼部和尾锥的生长特性。结果显示,舍氏贝乌贼内壳长和叶轴长均与胴长具有线性关系(R^(2)>0.76),与体重具有幂函数关系(R^(2)>0.77);尾锥宽和翼部最大宽度均在性腺成熟度达到Ⅲ期后增长明显。舍氏贝乌贼内壳叶轴和翼部生长速率基本相同,且远大于尾锥的生长速率。研究表明,舍氏贝乌贼内壳可用于分析个体生长,尤其在其胴体遭到损伤时更为重要,内壳宽度生长主要在个体性成熟之后。     

日本海舍氏贝乌贼角质颚形态特征分析

角质颚作为头足类的摄食器官,蕴含丰富的生态信息。根据2018年中国鱿钓船在日本海采集的303尾舍氏贝乌贼（Berryteuthis magister shevtsovi）样本,对其角质颚形态特征进行了分析。主成分分析显示,上头盖长、上喙长和上喙宽可解释舍氏贝乌贼上颚形态特征80.71%的信息,选为上颚的外形表征参数,下头盖长、下脊突长和下喙长可解释形态特征81.57%的信息,选为下颚的外形表征参数。协方差分析表明,舍氏贝乌贼角质颚外形表征参数与胴长和体重的关系均不存在性别间显著性差异。方程拟合和赤池信息准则结果表明,上头盖长与胴长的生长关系最适合用线性方程表示,而上喙长、上喙宽、下头盖长、下脊突长和下喙长与胴长的生长关系均最适用对数方程表示。上头盖长与体重的生长关系最适合用线性方程表示,而上喙长、上喙宽、下头盖长、下脊突长、下喙长与体重的生长关系均最适用对数方程表示。表征参数及其与胴长（或体重）关系式的确定,为后续利用角质颚外形进行种群鉴定和资源评估打下了基础。     

SUMMER FEEDING HABITS OF DALL'S PORPOISE, PHOCOENOIDES DALLI, IN THE SOUTHERN SEA OF OKHOTSK

Stomach contents were analyzed from 85 Dall's porpoises, Phocoenoides dalli , taken in the southern Sea of Okhotsk during the summer of 1988. Thirteen species of fish and five species of cephalopods were identified. Fishes comprising 9 families were predominant and made up 79.9% of the total number of prey, with an overall occurrence in the stomachs of 100%. Three families of cephalopods made up 20.1% of the total number of prey ingested, with an overall occurrence of 74%. The Japanese pilchard, Sardinops sagax melanostictus , was the primary prey and represented 72.0% of the total prey in 97.3% of the stomachs examined. The gonatid squid, Berryteuthis magister , ranked second and made up 16.9% of the total prey in 61.6% of the stomachs. Walleye pollock, Theragra chalcogramma , was the third most abundant prey item consumed and represented 6.0% of the total, with an occurrence of 53.4%. Composition of the sample by the calculated total mass and caloric intake supports the numeric findings on the relative importance of the three major prey species to the DaIl's porpoise diet. The Japanese pilchard was clearly dominant using these indices and constituted 65.4% of the total mass and 80.7% of the caloric intake. Berryteuthis magister made up 26.8% of the mass and 15.5% of the caloric intake. Walleye pollock contributed the least to the diet with 7.9% of the total mass and 3.8% of the caloric intake. Volumetric data indicate that porpoises are feeding heavily on Japanese pilchard throughout the daylight hours. Berryteuthis magister was probably fed upon in the late night or early morning hours. Occurrence of both Dall's porpoise and Japanese pilchard in the coastal waters of the southern Sea of Okhotsk is seasonal. The summer movements of Dall's porpoise into this region may be related to the seasonal migration and abundance of the Japanese pilchard.     

Observations on the histopathology of a systemic ciliate (Paranophrys sp.?) disease in the Dungeness crab, Cancer magister

Infections of the hemolymph of crabs by ciliates have been known for almost a century. Originally placed in the genus Anophrys, these crab-parasitizing ciliates have been recently transferred to the genus Paranophrys. Infections were long thought to be confined to the hemolymph in living crabs, with death caused by consumption of all hemocytes. Histological examination of heavily infected, but living, Dungeness crabs demonstrate that the ciliates actively invade and probably consume many tissues of the host prior to death rather than saprophytically feeding on the decomposing tissues subsequent to death as previously reported.     

Characterization of Muscarinic Cholinergic Receptors in the Crab Nervous System

The selective muscarinic antagonist L-[3H]-quinuclidinyl benzilate (L-[3H]QNB) binds reversibly and with high affinity (KD = 0.3 nM) to a single population (Bmax = 105 fmol/mg protein) of specific sites in nervous tissue of the crab Cancer magister. The binding site is stereoselective; (-)QNB is over 200 times more potent than (+)QNB as an inhibitor of specific L-[3H]QNB binding. The muscarinic antagonists scopolamine and atropine are over 10,000 times more potent inhibitors of L-[3H]QNB binding than the nicotinic antagonists decamethonium and d-tubocurarine. The muscarinic agonists oxotremorine, pilocarpine, arecoline, and carbachol also compete effectively for the L-[3H]QNB binding site. This pharmacological profile strongly suggests the presence of classical muscarinic receptors in the crab nervous system. These receptors are localized to nervous tissue containing cell bodies and neuropil, whereas specific L-[3H]QNB binding is low or absent in peripheral nerve, skeletal muscle, and artery.     

Field Use of Isoflurane for Safe Squirrel and Woodrat Anesthesia

Abstract: We evaluated a chamber and nose cone method of isoflurane delivery for anesthetizing eastern gray squirrels (Sciurus carolinensis; summer n = 43, winter n = 48) and Allegheny woodrats (Neotoma magister; summer n = 24, winter n = 13) for use when pain or stress was possible from sampling procedures. Mean induction time for squirrels (from beginning of isoflurane administration to safe removal from trap), was 4.63 ± 0.58 minutes. Squirrels awoke more quickly in summer (1.40 ± 0.15 min) than in winter (3.62 ± 0.24 min) after removal of the nose cone. We manually restrained woodrats and administered the nose cone for 0.5 minutes to each animal. Woodrats awoke after 4.76 ± 0.58 minutes following the final dose of isoflurane for both seasons. These methods are useful for working with small mammals in the field and provide an appropriate anesthetic when there may be more than slight pain or distress.     

Isolation and characterization of polymorphic microsatellite loci from the Dungeness crab Cancer magister

The Dungeness crab, Cancer magister, is the focus of one of the most intensely harvested fisheries in North America. Given its economic importance, there is considerable interest in assessing the degree and spatial pattern of genetic structure in C. magister. To that end, we developed a series of 17 hypervariable microsatellite loci. Six of these 17 loci could be amplified in a single multiplex PCR reaction. Using dye‐labelled primers all six loci can be coamplified and scored simultaneously on an automated sequencer. The ability to multiplex multiple loci greatly increases the ease and speed of genotyping for this species.     

纵条绳狮的生物学研究

纵条蝇狮Marpissa magister(Karsch,1879)在湖北省武汉市以幼蛛、亚成蛛和成蛛混合群体于11月下旬在杂草根下部越冬,翌年3月下旬至4月中旬出蜇活动.5月下旬至6月上旬越冬蜘蛛开始产卵,在该地区全年可发生1.5代.雌蛛1生可产2～4个卵袋,单雌平均产卵量为250粒左右,孵化率97%以上.该蛛生长发育的最适温区是25℃～35℃.