Vegetation mapping with the aid of low-altitude aerial photography

Abstract. A technique for fine-scale vegetation mapping with the aid of low-altitude aerial photography was developed. The procedure is as follows: 1. The site is divided into a lattice pattern - in case the site is too large to fit into a single photograph with satisfactory resolution. The coordinates of every lattice point are surveyed to be used as control points for geometric correction. A photograph of each block of the lattice is taken using a remote-controlled camera system lifted by a captive helium balloon. 2. The vegetation is classified on the basis of a phytosociological survey. 3. The shapes and locations of vegetation patches appearing in the photographs are entered into a computer, using a digitizer. A geometric correction is carried out through coordinate transformation referring to the coordinates of the control points and subsequently a draft vegetation map is produced. Finally, discrepancies are corrected and the map is coloured to produce the final version of the vegetation map. This technique was applied to vegetation mapping at a bar, 500 m wide and 2 km long, in the river Yoshino in Shikoku, Japan. A fine-scale vegetation map was obtained and used to analyse the influence of plants on geomorphic processes and community-specific hydrogeomorphic conditions on the bar.     

Selection and proliferation of rapid growing cell lines from embryo derived cell cultures of yew tree (Taxus cuspidata Sieb. et Zucc)

Calli were induced from 300,000 embryos isolated from immature to mature stage of seeds collected on late September from 14 elite trees. When the embryos were cultured onto plastic Petri-dish containing 20 mL of modified B5 basal medium supplemented with 3% (w/v) sucrose, 500 mg/L casein hydrolysate, 250 mg/L myo-inositol, 0.5% (w/v) polyvinyl polypyrrolidon (PVPP), 2×MS vitamins, 0.5 mg/L gibberellic acid, and 10 mg/L 2,4-D after 2 weeks of culture, yellowish-white calli were immediately formed on the surfaces of embryos, and subcultured for 4 weeks in same culture medium. Because most of calli maintained for more than 3 months were revealed differences in their colors, surface texture, and growth rate, visual selection was made for first round screening. When the size of visually selected calli larger than 19 mm in their diameter were inoculated, persistent proliferation was observed. Among the plating methods tested for the selection of rapid growing cell lines at single cell and/or small cell aggregate level, 2-layer spread plating revealed as the best for single cell cloning. To enhance cell growth and maintain high rate of viability for long-term culture of yew cells in bioreactor, final cell volume less than 50% in SCV seemed to be the best. Time course study revealed that 30% of inoculum density was suitable for fed batch culture. Among the tested conditional media, the rate of 1∶2 (old medium: fresh medium) was recorded at the best for cell growth.     

小肠CT及双气囊小肠镜诊断克罗恩病患者的差异性分析

目的:探究小肠CT及双气囊小肠镜诊断克罗恩病患者的差异性。方法:选择2017年4月至2019年3月于我院接受治疗的60例克罗恩病患者,分别实施小肠CT及双气囊小肠镜检测,对比两种检测方式对克罗恩病患者诊断准确率及病变范围、病变位置、活动度和并发症的检测差异。结果:CT检出克罗恩病的准确率96.67%,双气囊小肠镜检出克罗恩病的准确率为93.33%,其差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。小肠CT主要表现为肠腔狭窄50例(83.33%),肠壁增厚52例(86.67%),肠外淋巴结46例(76.67%),肠系膜水肿及血管改变21例(35.00%),肠外炎症10例(16.67%),瘘管3例(5.00%),瘘道1例(1.67%);双气囊小肠镜表现为环形溃疡、不规则溃疡、环状溃疡等共计46例(76.67%),阿弗他溃疡22例(36.67%),黏膜充血、水肿等26例(43.33%),结节样增生6例(10.00%),小肠肠腔节段性狭窄16例(26.67%),假性息肉9例(15.00%);经病理学检测表现为淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞、嗜酸性粒细胞等炎性浸润,淋巴组织及肉芽组织出现增生小肠CT发现肠外炎症、瘘道、瘘管等合计14例,而双气囊小肠镜未发现并发症。结论:相比于双气囊小肠镜,小肠CT能够更为准确的判断克罗恩病患者是否处于炎症状态,也能够更有效的发现肠外并发症的存在,但小肠CT及双气囊小肠镜联合应用监测效果更佳。     

Cook双球囊联合改良B-Lynch缝合术对产后出血的治疗效果观察

目的:探讨Cook双球囊联合改良B-Lynch缝合术对产后出血的治疗效果。方法:选取2015年6月～2018年6月在我院经剖宫产术分娩并发生产后出血的产妇81例进行回顾性分析。根据术中止血方法的不同分为两组,对照组40例采用Cook双球囊进行止血,观察组41例在对照组的基础上应用改良B-Lynch缝合术进行止血。对两组患者的手术相关指标、止血成功率、子宫切除率、术后恢复情况和并发症发生情况进行比较。结果:观察组的术中出血量、术后24 h出血量和输血量显著低于对照组(P0.05),止血时间显著短于对照组(P0.05);观察组患者的止血成功率显著高于对照组(P0.05),子宫切除率和切口恢复时间显著低于对照组(P0.05),两组患者的住院时间和并发症发生率比较无统计学差异(P0.05)。结论:Cook双球囊联合改良B-Lynch缝合术对剖宫产产后出血患者的临床效果显著优于单用Cook双球囊,且安全性较高。     

Pollen content study of the lower atmosphere in León (Spain) by use of a tethered balloon

This study was undertaken in order to understand thebehaviour of airborne pollen grains, namely therelationship between their concentrations andconcomitant meteorological parameters, at differentaltitudes (ground level, 200, 400 and 600 m) of thelower atmosphere and its daily variations over onesite (the experimental farm of the University ofLeón). The experimental design involved a tetheredballoon (2.25 m³), an ADAS remote meteorologicalstation and an original radio controlled three headedpollen and spore sampler (called GABIS) using theRotorod design. Each head sampled a differentaltitude, while two control samples were taken atground level. Twenty-one takeoffs could be realized inthe 5 weeks period between end of May and end of June1997. Sampling was done early in the morning and sampling time at each altitudewas of 15 minutes. Results show that 45 differenttypes of pollen grains could be collected at this timeof the year and that significant variations could beobserved in the behaviour of the pollen cloud on a dayto day basis, probably because of differentmeteorological situations. Contrary to what isgenerally believed, pollen was in most cases moreabundant at higher altitude – on average by 30% ascompared to ground level – making evident anaerobiological layer of transport at about 500 m aboveground. This was especially the case for trees (Quercus and Castanea). The atmosphere MixingRatio was the most explicative factor at 200 m, whiletemperature dominated significance analysis at both400 and 600 m.     

急诊PCI 治疗中应用血栓抽吸术及主动脉内球囊反搏术 与血浆脑钠肽水平、心功能参数的关系

目的:观察血栓抽吸术与主动脉内球囊反搏术(IABP)联用在急诊冠状动脉介入治疗(PCI)的疗效。方法:ST段抬高型急性心肌梗塞(AMI)行急诊冠状动脉造影提示大量血栓征象、并行血栓抽吸术患者98例,随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组术前行IABP后联合血栓抽吸;对照组仅进行血栓抽吸。观察两组患者的BNP及心功能参数。结果:术后24小时两组BNP有普遍升高趋势,对照组升高更明显(P<0.01),术后2周普遍回降,实验组下降更明显(P<0.01);2周后实验组的心脏指数(CI)、每搏指数(SI)、混合静脉血氧饱和度(SvO2)均高于对照组(P<0.01)。结论:对于行急诊冠状动脉介入治疗的患者联合使用主动脉内球囊反搏术和血栓抽吸术,可以明显改善患者的心肌缺血情况,增加冠脉灌注,有利于患者心功能的恢复。     

Vascular Balloon Injury and Intraluminal Administration in Rat Carotid Artery

The carotid artery balloon injury model in rats has been well established for over two decades. It remains an important method to study the molecular and cellular mechanisms involved in vascular smooth muscle dedifferentiation, neointima formation and vascular remodeling. Male Sprague-Dawley rats are the most frequently employed animals for this model. Female rats are not preferred as female hormones are protective against vascular diseases and thus introduce a variation into this procedure. The left carotid is typically injured with the right carotid serving as a negative control. Left carotid injury is caused by the inflated balloon that denudes the endothelium and distends the vessel wall. Following injury, potential therapeutic strategies such as the use of pharmacological compounds and either gene or shRNA transfer can be evaluated. Typically for gene or shRNA transfer, the injured section of the vessel lumen is locally transduced for 30 min with viral particles encoding either a protein or shRNA for delivery and expression in the injured vessel wall. Neointimal thickening representing proliferative vascular smooth muscle cells usually peaks at 2 weeks after injury. Vessels are mostly harvested at this time point for cellular and molecular analysis of cell signaling pathways as well as gene and protein expression. Vessels can also be harvested at earlier time points to determine the onset of expression and/or activation of a specific protein or pathway, depending on the experimental aims intended. Vessels can be characterized and evaluated using histological staining, immunohistochemistry, protein/mRNA assays, and activity assays. The intact right carotid artery from the same animal is an ideal internal control. Injury-induced changes in molecular and cellular parameters can be evaluated by comparing the injured artery to the internal right control artery. Likewise, therapeutic modalities can be evaluated by comparing the injured and treated artery to the control injured only artery.     

球囊子宫支架预防宫腔粘连术后再粘连的疗效及对子宫出血的影响

目的:研究球囊子宫支架预防宫腔粘连术后再粘连的疗效及对子宫出血的影响。方法:选取2013年10月到2014年10月我院收治的宫腔粘连患者70例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为研究组和对照组,每组35例,对照组给予宫腔镜电切术、宫内节育器放置术以及人工周期治疗,研究组在对照组的基础上给予球囊子宫支架放置术,比较两组临床疗效、宫腔再粘连、术后出血量、月经恢复以及并发症。结果:研究组总有效率91.4%,显著高于对照组的77.1%(P0.05);术后1个月和2个月研究组总粘连率显著低于对照组(P0.05);研究组术后总出血量显著少于对照组(P0.05);研究组并发症总发生率显著低于对照组,月经恢复率显著高于对照组(P0.05)。结论:球囊子宫支架应用于宫腔粘连术具有较好的临床疗效,能显著降低宫腔再粘连,减少子宫出血量及并发症。     

Application of an airlift bioreactor system for the production of adventitious root biomass and caffeic acid derivatives of Echinacea purpurea

In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of using mass cultivation of the adventitious roots of Echinacea purpurea in balloon type bubble (air-lift) bioreactors to produce caffeic acid derivatives, which have pharmaceutical and therapeutic values. An approximately 10 fold increase in biomass and secondary compounds was observed after 4 weeks of culture in balloon type bubble bioreactors (5 L capacity containing 4 L of half strength MS medium). In addition, a linear relationship was observed between the concentration of biomass and the sucrose and ion consumption rate. Furthermore, the concentration of biomass in the bioreactor culture was found to increase as the conductivity decreased. An inoculum density of 7 g/L FW and an aeration rate of 0.1 vvm were found to be suitable for inducing the accumulation of biomass and secondary metabolites. Of the three caffeic acid derivatives evaluated (caftaric acid, chlorogenic acid, and cichoric acid), the concentration of cichoric acid was the highest (26.64 mg/g DW).