百山祖常绿阔叶林优势种群的生态位

为了理解百山祖中山常绿阔叶林备优势种群在群落中的关系、地位和功能,用定量分析法,对该群落中平均重要值大于1%的13个优势种群的生态位特征进行了研究。结果表明:多脉青冈、麂角杜鹃和窄基红褐柃的生态位宽度较大,它们的Hurlbert生态位宽度(B_a)分别为0.878、0.825、0.806;而厚叶红淡比、亮叶水青冈和水丝梨的生态位宽度较小,它们的B_a分别为0.341、0.320、0.272。物种的生态位宽度与其重要值大小无关,但与其在各样方中的重要值均匀程度呈极显著的线性正相关。生态位相似性比例(C_(ih))最大的是多脉青冈与尖连蕊茶(0.832),最小的是凸脉冬青和水丝梨(0.248)。对生境需求相似而生态位宽度较小的厚叶红淡比与亮叶水青冈的C_(ih)高达0.758。同属植物多脉青冈与褐叶青冈、台湾冬青与凸脉冬青之间并不具有较大的C_(ih)值。生态位宽度较大的物种与其他物种的生态位重叠值一般较大;生态位相似性比例大的物种的生态位重叠值一般较大。多脉青冈与褐叶青冈、台湾冬青与凸脉冬青的生态位重叠值并不大。总体来看,群落优势种群之间的生态位重叠程度较低,说明该群落主要优势种群之间竞争不激烈群落稳定。该研究揭示了群落优势种群的生态位特征和结构稳定性,为生物多样性保护、群落演替和种群进化等研究提供了理论基础,也为自然保护区管理机构制定和完善保护措施提供参考依据。     

Spatial associations of tree species in a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest

Aims The spatial segregation hypothesis and the low-frequency hypothesis are two important proposed mechanisms that delay or prevent competitive exclusion in ecosystems. Because tree species interact with their neighbors, the importance of these potential processes can be investigated by analyzing the spatial structures of tree species.Methods The distribution of the adults of 27 common tree species in a fully mapped 5-ha subtropical forest plot in Baishanzu, eastern China, was analyzed to investigate the community-level intra- and interspecific spatial association patterns. We first tested for the overall spatial pattern in the 5- to 40-m neighborhoods and classified first-order bivariate associations with a diametric scheme based on Ripley's K and nearest-neighbor statistic (G -function). Then heterogeneous Poisson null models were used to distinguish second-order interactions from overall spatial associations (including first-order effects). Finally, we analyzed correlations between the existence of species interactions and some attributes of the species involved.Important findings Partial overlap and segregation increased with scale, whereas mixing decreased. Nearly 70% of the species pairs occurred less than expected at random, and only 3.4% of the species pairs were well mixed; 11.0% of all species pairs showed significant small-scale interactions, which was a greater frequency than expected by chance if species are abundant or prefer the same habitat, but less frequent than expected if species are highly aggregated. This suggests that both spatial segregation and low frequency of species facilitate species coexistence by reducing the opportunity that trees of two species encounter each other. The study also revealed that positive interactions were more prevalent than negative interactions in the forest, which indicates that positive interactions may have important effects on forest species assemblies.     

Five new apterous species of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst (Coleoptera,Staphylinidae, Paederinae) from the Baishanzu Natural Reserve,East China

Five new apterous species of the genus Lathrobium Gravenhorst, 1802 from Baishanzu Natural Reserve, Zhejiang, East China, Lathrobium baishanzuense sp. n., Lathrobium immanissimum sp. n., Lathrobium obstipum sp. n., Lathrobium pilosum sp. n. and Lathrobium tangi sp. n., are described and illustrated. The Lathrobium fauna of the study region is represented by two distinct lineages.     

浙江百山祖自然保护区宽距兰的发现及其区系意义

报道在百山祖自然保护区发现宽距兰的分布,并简述其区系意义。     

浙西南常绿阔叶林凋落物空间分布及其对土壤养分的影响

凋落物作为养分的有效载体对于森林养分循环具有重要作用。近年来学者们对凋落物开展了大量研究,但森林内部凋落物的空间分布及其对土壤养分空间异质性的作用一直没有得到充分重视。利用位于浙江西南部的百山祖亚热带中山常绿阔叶林5 hm²森林动态监测样地中50个凋落物收集器2009-2017年收集到的凋落物产量数据和相关的地形和土壤养分数据,运用同步自相关回归分析地形和群落结构因素对凋落物及其组分产量的影响,利用多元线性混合效应模型研究了地形和年均凋落物输入量与土壤养分含量的关系。结果表明（1）地形因子中仅凸度与总凋落物以及叶凋落物产量呈显著正相关;（2）邻域内的大树和中树（胸径≥ 5 cm）的平均胸径显著提高总凋落物、叶凋落物和小枝及树皮凋落物产量,而邻域物种数显著提高总凋落物、叶凋落物和繁殖器官凋落物产量;（3）地形凸度与表层（深0-10 cm）土壤有机质含量显著正相关,但与近表层（深10-20 cm）土壤总氮、有效磷和速效钾含量显著负相关;（4）凋落物输入量显著提高表层（深0-10 cm）土壤的碱解氮和有机质含量。总体来看,百山祖常绿阔叶林凋落物产量的空间变异受到地形和森林群落结构因素的制约,并影响林内土壤养分的空间异质性。     

浙江省两种蝗莺属鸟种记录勘误

通过对浙江省景宁县望东垟自然保护区上标林场进行鸟类调查,以及结合近年来观鸟爱好者在浙江省的拍摄照片进行比较,可以确认浙江有高山短翅蝗莺(Locustella seebohmi)和棕褐短翅蝗莺(L.luteoventris)的分布,并对2012年发表的浙江鸟种名录中的"棕褐短翅莺(Bradypterus luteoventris)"进行勘误,此记录实际为高山短翅蝗莺。2种之间在形态上的相似及点状分布的特点可能是造成野外不易发现、容易混淆的重要原因。     

新螯蜂属一新种（膜翅目：螯蜂科）

本文报道了新螯蜂属Ｎｅｏｄｒｙｉｎｕｓ Ｒ．Ｃ．Ｌ．Ｐｅｒｋｉｎｓ一新种,百山祖新螯蜂Ｎ．ｂａｉｓｈａｎｚｕｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．。     

浙江百山祖自然保护区种子植物区系分析

统计分析了浙江庆元百山祖自然保护区的种子植物区系。该区共有种子植物 16 7科、70 0属、 15 45种 (含种下分类群 )。科的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多 ,达 33 5 % ,热带分布的科多于温带分布的科 (75 4 4) ,16个表征科中 ,大多也是以热带分布的科 ;本区以单种属和寡种属为主 ,属的分布区类型以泛热带分布最多 (2 0 2 % ) ,其次是北温带分布(13 9% ) ,热带分布与温带分布的属几相当 (30 4 317) ;种的分布区类型以中国特有种最多(4 8 4 % ) ,其次是东亚分布 (2 3 9% )和热带亚洲分布 (13 6 % )。以中国区系分区标准 ,将特有分布种划分成 9个分布亚型 ,其中以华东 -华中 -华南分布最多 (2 5 9种 )。百山祖自然保护区种子植物丰富 ,区系起源古老 ,地理成分多样 ,具有明显的华东南缘山地植物区系特征 ,并且拥有众多特有、珍稀濒危植物     

百山祖自然保护区主要植被类型概述

对近20年来多次调查的资料进行系统整理,将百山祖植被主要划分成6个植被类型：常绿阔叶林、常绿落叶阔叶混交林、针阔叶混交林、针叶林、山地矮林和山地灌草丛,其下可分为22个群系：同时对群落的种类组成、结构和演替趋势作了概述。。     

浙江百山祖常绿阔叶林三个优势树种开花结实动态

以百山祖常绿阔叶林中三个优势种麂角杜鹃、尖连蕊茶和木荷为研究对象,研究2009～2012年其花及果实凋落的年际变化与季节动态,结果表明：1）在花凋落数量上,麂角杜鹃和木荷有明显大小年现象,尖连蕊茶则无;2）在果实凋落数量上,麂角杜鹃有明显大小年现象,其他两树种则无;3）从凋落季节上看,麂角杜鹃和尖连蕊茶花凋落集中于春末,木荷则在秋初;4）果实的异常凋落与灾害性天气有密切关系。