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1.
高温季节控温诱导池养鳗鲡性腺发育的研究   总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2  
在高温季节(6~9月),采用人工控温的方法,通过注射外源激素hCG和CPE,对日本鳗鲡进行了催熟试验.结果表明,在人工控制温度(18±2 ℃)条件下,雌性和雄性日本鳗鲡均可达到性成熟,诱导成熟率分别为73.33%和67.77%,而常温条件下(25~32 ℃)的诱导成熟率分别为0和33.33%.同时对控温条件下诱导成熟的部分雌性鳗鲡进行了催产,其排卵率为70%,受精率为32%,均接近或达到了低温季节相应的指标(平均分别为62.1%和34.2%).对胚胎发育过程也进行了观察,受精卵能正常发育,在22和24 ℃下,分别经过39 h 15 min和34 h 9 min孵化出膜.试验证明, 在高温季节采用人工控温的方法诱导日本鳗鲡性成熟是可能的.  相似文献   
2.
Plant cryopreservation: Progress and prospects   总被引:9,自引:0,他引:9  
Summary Cryopreservation (liquid nitrogen, −196°C) represents the only safe and cost-effective option for long-term conservation of germplasm of non-orthodox seed species, vegetatively propagated species, and of biotechnology products. Classical cryopreservation techniques, which are based on freeze-induced dehydration, are mainly employed for freezing undifferentiated cultures and apices of cold-tolerant species. New cryopreservation techniques, which are based on vitrification of internal solutes, are successfully employed with all explant types, including cells suspensions and calluses, apices, and somatic and zygotic embryos of temperate and tropical species. The development of cryopreservation protocols is significantly more advanced for vegetatively propagated species than for recalcitrant seed species. Even though its routine use is still limited, there are a growing number of examples where cryopreservation is employed on a large scale for different types of materials, including seeds with orthodox and intermediate storage behaviour, dormant buds, pollen, biotechnology products, and apices sampled from in vitro plantlets of vegetatively propagated species. Cryopreservation can also be employed for uses other than germplasm conservation, such as cryoselection, i.e., the selection through freezing of samples with special properties, or cryotherapy, i.e., the elimination of viruses from infected plants through apex cryopreservation. Because of its high potential, it is expected that cryopreservation will become more frequently employed for long-term conservation of plant genetic resources.  相似文献   
3.
岷江上游暗针叶林采伐迹地人工混交林群落结构   总被引:5,自引:1,他引:4  
对四川岷江上游高山峡谷区暗针叶林采伐迹地年龄为20-40年的人工混交林群落结构进行了研究,结果是:(1)群落中各层次物种盖度的大小相互影响,相互制约,而林下(各)层次物种盖度的大小主要取决于其上(各)层盖度(或郁闭度)的大小,(2)人工重建的群落所能容纳的物种数及物种在群落中的分布状况主要取决于乔木物种郁工,海拔高度及经营强度。(3)群落中出现大量的耐荫植物,先锋灌丛植物已被抑制或淘汰,(4)乔木  相似文献   
4.
Fatty Acid Transport and Utilization for the Developing Brain   总被引:7,自引:0,他引:7  
Abstract: To determine the transport and utilization of dietary saturated, monounsaturated, and n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids for the developing brain and other organs, artificially reared rat pups were fed a rat milk substitute containing the perdeuterated (each 97 atom% deuterium) fatty acids, i.e., palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic, from day 7 after birth to day 14 as previously described. Fatty acids in lipid extracts of the liver, lung, kidney, and brain were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry to determine their content of each of the deuterated fatty acids. The uptake and metabolism of perdeuterated fatty acid lead to the appearance of three distinct groups of isotopomers: the intact perdeuterated, the newly synthesized (with recycled deuterium), and the natural unlabeled fatty acid. The quantification of these isotopomers permits the estimation of uptake and de novo synthesis of these fatty acids. Intact perdeuterated palmitic, stearic, and oleic acids from the diet were found in liver, lung, and kidney, but not in brain. By contrast, perdeuterated linoleic acid was found in all these organs. Isotopomers of fatty acid from de novo synthesis were observed in palmitic, oleic, and stearic acids in all tissues. The highest enrichment of isotopomers with recycled deuterium was found in the brain. The data indicate that, during the brain growth spurt and the prelude to myelination, the major saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids in brain lipids are exclusively produced locally by de novo biosynthesis. Consequently, the n-6 and n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids must be transported and delivered to the brain by highly specific mechanisms.  相似文献   
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Artificially dried ryegrass, untreated and ammonia‐treated wheat straw were ground and incubated in nylon bags in the rumen of three sheep each fed with diets based on roughage or concentrate. Dry matter degradability, the concentration and the release of the trace elements Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn from the incubated feeds were measured after 0 (washing loss), 6, 12, 24, 48 and 72 h rumen incubation time.

Dry matter degradability, trace element concentration and their release were significantly influenced by the kind of incubated feeds, incubation time and feeding of sheep.

Cu‐ (1.8–6.9 mg kg?1 DM) and Zn concentrations (36–103 mg kg?1 DM) of straw residues in the bags were much higher than those of original straw (1.2–1.6 and 8.1–9.9 mg kg?1 DM resp.).

The inflow of Cu and Zn in the bags containing straw residues was higher than their release. The Cu‐, Fe‐ and Mn‐release from ryegrass was similar to the dry matter degradability, but the Zn‐release was much lower.  相似文献   
8.
TILLING in extremis   总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1  
Targeting induced local lesions in genomes (TILLING), initially a functional genomics tool in model plants, has been extended to many plant species and become of paramount importance to reverse genetics in crops species. Because it is readily applicable to most plants, it remains a dominant non-transgenic method for obtaining mutations in known genes. The process has seen many technological changes over the last 10 years; a major recent change has been the application of next-generation sequencing (NGS) to the process, which permits multiplexing of gene targets and genomes. NGS will ultimately lead to TILLING becoming an in silico procedure. We review here the history and technology in brief, but focus more importantly on recent developments in polyploids, vegetatively propagated crops and the future of TILLING for plant breeding.  相似文献   
9.
 In a pot experiment, the growth and the nutrient status of in vitro propagated coffee (Coffea arabica L.) microcuttings were investigated for 5 months following vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) inoculation with either Acaulospora melleae or Glomus clarum at four soil P availabilities. Control plants remained P-deficient even at the highest soil P availability while mycorrhizal plants were P-sufficient at all soil P availabilities. Growth of control plants was only improved at the highest soil P availability. In P-deficient soil, neither of the two VAM species improved plant growth. Plant growth increased by 50% following inoculation with either A. melleae or G. clarum when P availability went from deficient to low. No further plant growth improvement was induced by either VAM species at intermediate and high soil P levels. Nevertheless, growth of plants inoculated with G. clarum was still significantly greater than that of non-mycorrhizal plants at the highest soil P availability. Root colonization by G. clarum increased with increasing soil P availability while root colonization by A. mellea decreased with soil P level increasing above low P availability. Soil P availability also affected Zn nutrition through its influence on VAM symbiosis. With increasing soil P availability, foliar Zn status increased with G. clarum or decreased with A. mellea in parallel to root colonization by VAM. This study demonstrates the beneficial effects of VAM inoculation on in vitro propagated Arabica coffee microcuttings, as shown previously for seedlings. This study also demonstrates differences in tolerance to soil P availability between VAM species, most likely resulting from their differing abilities to enhance coffee foliar P status. Accepted: 14 November 1996  相似文献   
10.
The impact of traditional farmers' management on genetic diversity of vegetatively propagated crops is poorly documented. In this study, we analysed the impact of ennoblement of spontaneous yams, an original traditional farmers' practice, on the genetic diversity of yam (Dioscorea sp.) in Benin. We used 11 microsatellite markers on yam tubers from a small village in northern Benin and demonstrated that wild x cultivated hybrids are spontaneously formed. Many of the spontaneous yams collected by farmers from surrounding savannah areas for ennoblement were shown to be of wild and hybrid genotypes. Moreover, we demonstrated that some yam varieties have a wild or hybrid signature. Lastly, we performed a broader ranging genetic analysis on yam material from throughout Benin and showed that this practice is used in different ecological and ethno-linguistic regions. Through this practice, farmers create new varieties with new genetic combinations via sexual reproduction of wild and cultivated yams. This system, whereby a sexual cycle and asexual propagation are mixed, ensures potential large-scale cultivation of the best genotypes while preserving the potential for future adaptation.  相似文献   
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