Early post-fire tree regeneration in a Picea-Vaccinium forest in northern Sweden

Abstract. Age and size structure of saplings of Picea abies, Pinus sylvestris and Betula pubescens were examined in a 26-yr old forest fire area in a Picea abies-Vaccinium myrtillus forest in northern Sweden. Picea, which is a shade-tolerant species, had its maximum regeneration prior to the shade-intolerant Pinus. The shift from Picea to Pinus regeneration in the late 1970s, did not seem to be related to variations in summer temperature. Instead, it is suggested that Picea established in the shade created by dead trees, and, that increased reindeer browsing of Betula in combination with a simultaneous thinning of the tree layer, favoured Pinus recruitment. These regeneration patterns do not confirm conventional views of post-fire succession in Sweden.     

The effect of elevated CO2 concentration and nutrient supply on carbon-based plant secondary metabolites in Pinus sylvestris L.

This study investigated changes in carbon-based plant secondary metabolite concentrations in the needles of Pinus sylvestris saplings, in response to long-term elevation of atmospheric CO₂, at two rates of nutrient supply. Experimental trees were grown for 3 years in eight open-top chambers (OTCs), four of which were maintained at ambient (∼350 μmol mol⁻¹) and four at elevated (700 μmol mol⁻¹) CO₂ concentrations, plus four open air control plots. Within each of these treatments, plants received either high (7.0 g N m⁻² year⁻¹ added) or low (no nutrients added) rates of nutrient supply for two years. Needles from lateral branches were analysed chemically for concentrations of condensed tannins and monoterpenes. Biochemical determinations of cellulase digestibility and protein precipitating capacity of their phenolic extracts were made because of their potential of importance in ecological interactions between pine and other organisms including herbivores and decomposers. Elevated CO₂ concentration caused an increase (P<0.05) in dry mass per needle, tree height and the concentration of the monoterpene α-pinene, but there were no direct effects of CO₂ concentration on any of the other chemical measurements made. High nutrient availability increased cellulase digestibility of pine needles. There was a significant negative effect of the OTCs on protein precipitating capacity of the needle extracts in comparison to the open-air controls. Results suggest that predicted changes in atmospheric CO₂ concentration will be insufficient to produce large changes in the concentration of condensed tannins and monoterpenes in Scots pine. Processes which are influenced by these compounds, such as decomposition and herbivore food selection, along with their effects on ecosystem functioning, are therefore unlikely to be directly affected through changes in these secondary metabolites. Received: 20 October 1997 / Accepted: 28 February 1998     

Structure of Pinus sylvestris L. populations in Bulgaria revealed by chloroplast microsatellites and terpenes analysis: Provenance tests

In the present study we investigated the genetic structure and genetic diversity of Pinus sylvestris populations in Bulgaria using chloroplast microsatellite markers and terpene analysis. We were interested in addressing the following questions: (1) can population structure in Scots pine be detected via chloroplast microsatellites markers and terpenes; (2) are there differences in population differentiation between the two analyses; and (3) how are the patterns related to geographic distances. Twelve provenances were chosen throughout the species' range in Bulgaria. Following DNA extraction, chloroplast microsatellite (cpSSR) loci were surveyed using six primer pairs. Between 4 to 8 size variants were identified at each locus. A total of 35 size variants at the six loci were identified, 11 occurring at low frequencies (<1%). They were combined in 134 different haplotypes, of which seven represent 1/3 of the genetic structure. AMOVA analysis revealed that 10.99% of the variation was found among populations, while 89.01% was expressed within populations. The cpSSR analysis divided Scots pine populations into two groups, the first represented by populations located in the south-western part of the Rhodopes and Pirin mountains, while the second group is located in the northeast of Rhodopes and Rila mountains. Terpene analysis revealed that on average, 53% of the monoterpene pool in P. sylvestris was accounted for by -pinene (range 47–59%) followed by β-pinene (range 6–12%). The presence of two distinct groups is weekly consistent with physical distances between populations, similar significant correlation between genetic distance determined by chloroplast microsatellites analysis and chemotype distance (determined by terpenes) was observed. Our results suggest that the structural pattern of genetic diversity of cpDNA in Scots pine populations is the consequence of historical biogeographic processes.     

添加氮肥对沙地樟子松幼苗生物量分配与叶片生理特性的影响

设计5个氮肥(NH4NO3)添加水平(g.m-2):0(CK)、10.0(N1)、20.0(N2)、40.0(N3)和50.0(N4),研究了沙地樟子松幼苗生长与生理学指标的季节变化。结果表明,添加氮肥促进了幼苗的高生长、相对生长速率、单株总生物量的增加,对叶片相对含水量没有影响;N4水平促进了叶片脯氨酸含量的积累。单叶重、株高、地径、叶重比、叶绿素(a b)、叶绿素a以及叶绿素b含量等均在N3水平下达到最大值。在1个生长季的观测中,添加氮肥主要促进了樟子松幼苗在5~7月份的生长,其中N3水平对樟子松幼苗生长发育的促进作用最大。     

Multiple effects of temperature,photoperiod and food quality on the performance of a pine sawfly

相似文献   

Differences in ecomorphology and microhabitat use of four saproxylic larvae (Diptera,Syrphidae) in Scots pine stump rot holes

相似文献   

中国大陆归化植物新记录

报道了中国大陆归化植物新记录刺毛峨参(Anthriscus caucalis M.Bieb.)和印加孔雀草(Tagetes minuta L.),并进行了形态描述,提供了凭证标本和活植物照片。