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1.
Knowledge of breeding ecology is required for many conservation interventions. The Seychelles Black Parrot Coracopsis barklyi, endemic to the island of Praslin, is vulnerable to extinction. We aimed to improve understanding of C. barklyi breeding ecology to aid conservation planning. We present the results of four years of research, including nesting cavity characteristics and availability, reproductive success, breeding parameters, parental behaviour and reproductive strategy. Thirty-six breeding attempts were studied over the four seasons. Nests were mainly located in Coco de Mer palms Lodoicea maldivica. Deeper cavities with more canopy cover were preferred. There may be a shortage of high-quality nesting cavities in intensive breeding seasons. Average clutch size was 2.2 eggs, incubation period was c. 15 d and egg fertility was 71%. Rats were key nest predators, causing the failure of up to 33% of breeding attempts. The probability of nest success was 53%. At least 57% of fledglings survived their first year. This species breeds cooperatively and practices a highly unusual side-by-side copulation. We discuss the implications of the results in the context of former, ongoing and potential conservation measures for C. barklyi including translocation, invasive species management, nest box provisioning, habitat restoration and further research.  相似文献   
2.
转基因微生物生态学及大田释放风险评价研究   总被引:15,自引:4,他引:11  
向环境中释放转基因微生物可能会带来一系列的安全问题.在大面积释放之前必须对转基因微生物在环境中发生基因转移的潜力、存活能力、扩散能力及对生态系统的潜在影响等进行生态学研究和风险评价,同时还要探索有效的检测方法和风险评价策略.该研究有助于分子生态学的发展和生物技术的安全应用,具有重要的理论和实践意义.  相似文献   
3.
The paper describes the regulatory functions of a new body set up in England and Wales for the management of water pollution, the National Rivers Authority. It outlines proposals for a new water quality classification scheme incorporating biological monitoring as an integral part, and describes other areas of pollution control where biology could be used with advantage. The derivation of statutory water quality objectives as a new concept in the management of natural waters is described, together with an indication of some of the legal mechanisms available to the NRA to ensure that the objectives are met.  相似文献   
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海洋微生物学:新机遇,新挑战   总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4  
海洋占地球表面积的71%,海洋微生物对海洋及人类的生活有重大影响。由于特殊的生存环境,海洋微生物能产生陆栖微生物所不能产生的结构新颖、作用特殊的生物活性物质,有潜力应用于医疗、食品、环境保护等各个领域。海洋微生物研究充满了新的机遇,同时也面临着新的挑战。《微生物学通报》本期推出了"海洋微生物学主题刊",旨在展现我国海洋微生物学研究的最新进展和成果,促进我国海洋微生物学的交流和发展。  相似文献   
7.
To preserve biodiversity, identifying at‐risk populations and developing conservation plans to mitigate the effects of human‐induced rapid environmental change (HIREC) are essential. Changes in diet, especially for food‐limited species, can aid in detecting populations being impacted by HIREC, and characterizing the quality, abundance, and temporal and spatial consistency of newly consumed food items may provide insight concerning the likelihood of a species persisting in a changing environment. We used Wood Storks (Mycteria americana) nesting in the Florida Everglades as a model system to study the possible effects of HIREC on a food‐limited population. We compared the diets of Wood Storks in 2013 and 2014 with those reported during the 1970s before major anthropogenic activities affected the Everglades system and prey availability. Wood Storks in our study consumed more large‐bodied sunfish species (Lepomis spp.), fewer native marsh fishes, and more non‐native fish species than during the 1970s. Large sunfish and non‐native fish are relatively rare in the drying pools of Everglades marshes where storks traditionally forage, suggesting that Wood Storks may be using novel foraging habitats such as created wetlands (i.e., canals and stormwater ponds). Although created wetlands have long hydroperiods conducive to maintaining large‐bodied fishes and could provide alternative foraging habitat when prey availability is reduced in natural marshes, additional studies are needed to determine the extent to which these wetlands are used by Wood Storks and, importantly, the quality of prey items potentially available to foraging Wood Storks in created wetlands.  相似文献   
8.
At fine spatial scales, savanna‐rainforest‐grassland boundary dynamics are thought to be mediated by the interplay between fire, vegetation and soil feedbacks. These processes were investigated by quantifying tree species composition, the light environment, quantities and flammability of fuels, bark thickness, and soil conditions across stable and dynamic rainforest boundaries that adjoin grassland and eucalypt savanna in the highlands of the Bunya Mountains, southeast Queensland, Australia. The size class distribution of savanna and rainforest stems was indicative of the encroachment of rainforest species into savanna and grassland. Increasing dominance of rainforest trees corresponds to an increase in woody canopy cover, the dominance of litter fuels (woody debris and leaf), and decline in grass occurrence. There is marked difference in litter and grass fuel flammability and this result is largely an influence of strongly dissimilar fuel bulk densities. Relative bark thickness, a measure of stem fire resistance, was found to be generally greater in savanna species when compared to that of rainforest species, with notable exceptions being the conifers Araucaria bidwillii and Araucaria cunninghamii. A transect study of soil nutrients across one dynamic rainforest – grassland boundary indicated the mass of carbon and nitrogen, but not phosphorus, increased across the successional gradient. Soil carbon turnover time is shortest in stable rainforest, intermediate in dynamic rainforest and longest in grassland highlighting nutrient cycling differentiation. We conclude that the general absence of fire in the Bunya Mountains, due to a divergence from traditional Aboriginal burning practices, has allowed for the encroachment of fire‐sensitive rainforest species into the flammable biomes of this landscape. Rainforest invasion is likely to have reduced fire risk via changes to fuel composition and microclimatic conditions, and this feedback will be reinforced by altered nutrient cycling. The mechanics of the feedbacks here identified are discussed in terms of landscape change theory.  相似文献   
9.
全人工繁殖西伯利亚鲟仔稚鱼发育的异速生长   总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6  
西伯利亚鲟(Acipenser baeri)是中国主要的淡水养殖对象之一,目前已经实现了苗种的全人工繁殖,为了改善西伯利亚鲟苗种培育技术,采用Image-Pro Plus 5.1软件显微拍照并对仔稚鱼的可量性状进行测量和数据处理,研究了全人工繁殖西伯利亚鲟仔稚鱼(0~53日龄)发育的异速生长及器官优先发育在早期生存和环境适应性上的意义。结果表明:在9、28、37日龄时分别出现3个全长生长拐点。因此,全长的生长可以分为4个阶段,每个阶段的平均增长率分别为0.83、0.79、2.68和1.71 mm·d-1,其中第3个阶段的生长率明显高于其他阶段;体质量的增长可以用Gaussion方程进行拟合,相关系数R2=0.99;全长(FL)与体质量(BW)的关系为BW=0.2×10-5(FL)2.72,为负异速生长;在早期发育过程中,仔鱼的许多关键器官的大小均存在异速生长现象,眼径在3~4日龄时,最先达到生长拐点,这意味着眼部是优先发育的,使其在出膜后就能有效地躲避敌害;口宽在17~18日龄时出现拐点,此时随着感觉器官和各鳍的不断完善,主动摄食能力不断加强;胸鳍、背鳍、臀鳍的长度也分别在16~17、13~14、21~22日龄时出现生长拐点,标志着其游泳能力已比较完善,可以有效地躲避敌害和获得食物,为其早期的生存提供了保障。在育苗生产实践中,可以根据生长和发育的阶段性和优先性,适时地和针对性地创造必要的生长发育条件,保证其重要器官得到优先发育,提高早期的成活率。  相似文献   
10.
In the Northern Hemisphere, the surface of south-facing slopes orients toward the sun and thus receives a greater duration and intensity of solar irradiation, resulting in a relatively warmer, drier microclimate and seasonal environmental extremes. This creates potentially detrimental conditions for evergreen plants which must endure the full gamut of conditions. I hypothesize that (1) increased southerly aspect will correlate negatively with evergreen understory plant distributions; (2) derived environmental variables (summer and winter light and heat load) will predict variance in evergreen distributions as well as topographic position (aspect, slope, and elevation) and (3) winter light will best predict evergreen understory plant distributions. In order to test these hypotheses, survey data were collected characterizing 10 evergreen understory herb distributions (presence, abundance, and reproduction) as well as the corresponding topographical information across north- and south-facing slopes in the North Carolina mountains and Georgia piedmont. The best predictive models were selected using AIC, and Bayesian hierarchical generalized linear models were used to estimate the strength of the retained coefficients. As predicted, evergreen understory herbs occurred and reproduced less on south-facing than north-facing slopes, though slope and elevation also had robust predictive power, and both discriminated well between evergreen species. While the landscape variables explained where the plants occurred, winter light and heat load provided the best explanation why they were there. Evergreen plants likely are limited on south-facing slopes by low soil moisture combined with high temperatures in summer and high irradiance combined with lower temperatures in winter. The robust negative response of the understory evergreen herbs to increased winter light also suggested that the winter rather than the summer (or growing season) environment provided the best predictive power for understory evergreen distributions, which has substantive implications for predicting responses to global climate change.  相似文献   
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