中国大鲵研究进展

中国大鲵是我国特有濒危的两栖物种，是研究生物进化、生物多样性、性别决定分子机制等问题的好材料。近年来，人们对它的研究力度不断加大，著述颇多。本文对大鲵的生态保护、解剖发育、生理生化、遗传进化等方面的近期研究资料进行了整理和回顾，也简要探讨了今后大鲵研究的主要工作，以期为研究者们提供有价值的资料。  

中国两栖类种群生态研究概述

两栖类种群生态学研究从深度和广度上看，均无法与哺乳类和鸟类的相比。然而与哺乳类和鸟类一样，随着生态环境的恶化和生态空间的减少，两栖类各物种种群面临巨大的生存压力，甚至濒临灭绝；因此，广泛深入地开展两栖类种群生态学研究，探讨两栖类与外界环境之间的关系，对环境监测和对两栖类种群的保护与利用均有较大的现实意义和理论意义。为此，重点从两栖类的种群结构与动态规律，摄食行为与食性,怕分析与通讯联系，繁殖过程和繁殖习性，越冬准备和冬眠适应，以及两栖类种群数量下降等方面，对中国研究者的工作进行综述，试图阐述研究现状，存在问题，并分析了尚待加强研究的方面和今后的发展趋势。  

两栖动物在水体污染生物监测中作为指示生物的研究概况

简单介绍了两栖动物作为指示生物在环境监测中的优越性及其研究历史和现状，同时也概述了我国学者在这方面的研究，总结了污染水体中部分蝌蚪的形态行为特征，并且提出了利用两栖动物的形态和行为模式建立水体污染生物监测仪器的可能性，为生物监测提供了科学依据。  

Phylogeny of the major tetrapod groups: Morphological data and divergence dates

Summary The phylogeny of the major groups of tetrapods (amphibians, reptiles, birds, and mammals) has until recently been poorly understood. Cladistic analyses of morphological data are producing new hypotheses concerning the relationships of the major groups, with a focus on the identification of monophyletic groups. Molecular phylogenies support some of these views and dispute others. Geological dates of the major evolutionary branching points are recalculated on the basis of the cladograms and new fossil finds.  

Climate warming and the decline of amphibians and reptiles in Europe

Aim We explore the relationship between current European distributions of amphibian and reptile species and observed climate, and project species potential distributions into the future. Potential impacts of climate warming are assessed by quantifying the magnitude and direction of modelled distributional shifts for every species. In particular we ask, first, what proportion of amphibian and reptile species are projected to lose and gain suitable climate space in the future? Secondly, do species projections vary according to taxonomic, spatial or environmental properties? And thirdly, what climate factors might be driving projections of loss or gain in suitable environments for species? Location Europe. Methods Distributions of species are modelled with four species–climate envelope techniques (artificial neural networks, generalized linear models, generalized additive models, and classification tree analyses) and distributions are projected into the future using five climate‐change scenarios for 2050. Future projections are made considering two extreme assumptions: species have unlimited dispersal ability and species have no dispersal ability. A novel hybrid approach for combining ensembles of forecasts is then used to group linearly covarying projections into clusters with reduced inter‐model variability. Results We show that a great proportion of amphibian and reptile species are projected to expand distributions if dispersal is unlimited. This is because warming in the cooler northern ranges of species creates new opportunities for colonization. If species are unable to disperse, then most species are projected to lose range. Loss of suitable climate space for species is projected to occur mainly in the south‐west of Europe, including the Iberian Peninsula, whilst species in the south‐east are projected to gain suitable climate. This is because dry conditions in the south‐west are projected to increase, approaching the levels found in North Africa, where few amphibian species are able to persist. Main conclusions The impact of increasing temperatures on amphibian and reptile species may be less deleterious than previously postulated; indeed, climate cooling would be more deleterious for the persistence of amphibian and reptile species than warming. The ability of species to cope with climate warming may, however, be offset by projected decreases in the availability of water. This should be particularly true for amphibians. Limited dispersal ability may further increase the vulnerability of amphibians and reptiles to changes in climate.  

两栖动物皮肤结构及皮肤抗菌肽

两栖动物皮肤在自然进化过程中形成了防御病原微生物的三套防御系统，相应地具有特定结构。皮肤抗菌肽是其中先天性防御系统的主要组成部分。本文概述了两栖动物皮肤结构特点以及皮肤抗菌肽在国内外的最新研究进展，重点介绍了两栖动物皮肤腺体和蛙皮抗菌肽的种类、分子结构、抗菌机理、基因表达调控及cDNA编码特点以及基因工程等。以期系统认识和了解这些方面的研究与进展。  

两栖类动物皮肤活性物质的利用兼论中国两栖类资源开发的策略

中国拥有丰富的两栖类动物资源，它是中国生物资源的重要组成部分，也是人类的宝贵财富，具有很大的开发利用潜力。中国对两栖类生物资源的开发利用已取得一定的成果，但还有很多不足，尤其是关于两栖类皮肤活性生物分子的研究开发工作，基本上还是一片空白。着眼于疾病治疗因子的筛选和生物活性分子的发现，对中国部分两栖类动物进行了系统的筛选研究。发现了一系列的生物活性分子和可能具临床应用价值的生物因子，并结合中国及世界两栖类资源开发利用的现状，主要从药物开发和资源保护的角度对中国两栖类资源的开发利用提出几点建议。  

古北和东洋界在我国东部的精确划界--据两栖动物

我国动物地理区划向以横跨古北界和东洋界而著称，但两界在我国东部即秦岭以东地区的精确划界始终没有明确的认识。依据我国东部河南、安徽和江苏省14个动物地理省2目10科17属42种两栖动物的分布资料，通过对物种相似性进行分析后表明，东部的分界呈现为一条过渡带：其北界为自秦岭—伏牛山—淮河—苏北灌溉总渠；其南界为伏牛山—桐柏大别山—淮南丘陵—通扬运河一线。讨论认为更准确的划界要依赖更多的动物类群，并从更大的尺度，进行深刻分析才能获得。  

重庆市两栖动物资源及现状

依据近３０年的野外调查采集结果，重庆市现有两栖动物２目８科１８属３３种。区系组成以华中区物种占绝对优势，为５１．５２％。地理分布上处于盆中平原丘陵省的物种仅１２种，盆地东北缘大巴山省有２４种，盆地东南缘山地省有２８种。对重庆的两栖动物多样性和资源类型进行了分析，概括了资源利用现状。  

广西猫儿山国家级自然保护区的两栖爬行动物

2004年5月～2005年12月,对猫儿山国家级自然保护区的两栖爬行动物进行了初步调查,新观察和采集到两栖动物10种、爬行动物17种.至此,猫儿山共有两栖动物35种、爬行动物38种.