两栖动物在水体污染生物监测中作为指示生物的研究概况

简单介绍了两栖动物作为指示生物在环境监测中的优越性及其研究历史和现状,同时也概述了我国学者在这方面的研究,总结了污染水体中部分蝌蚪的形态行为特征,并且提出了利用两栖动物的形态和行为模式建立水体污染生物监测仪器的可能性,为生物监测提供了科学依据。     

药用两栖动物资源及对辽宁省的调查

目的通过研究论述两栖动物药用价值及辽宁省的资源调查,为资源保护和可持续利用提供依据。方法根据多年来的野外调查,结合已有研究文献进行总结分析。结果辽宁省的药用两栖动物资源丰富,多达11种。11种药用两栖动物占该省所有两栖动物的68.7%,其中东北小鲵、中华蟾蜍、东北林蛙和黑斑蛙的分布广泛、种群数量大,东北林蛙已成为该省主要的野生动物产业。结论两栖动物具有重要的药用价值,是传统中医药的重要组成部分,应加强保护、监测、栖息地恢复和可持续利用管理与研究。     

中国林蛙蝌蚪肠道及皮肤微生物多样性分析

肠道及皮肤微生物群落对宿主的健康有着至关重要的影响.本研究使用16S rRNA基因测序技术研究中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)Gosner38期蝌蚪肠道和皮肤共生微生物群落组成之间的差异.在门水平上,林蛙蝌蚪肠道中的优势门为变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)和拟杆菌...     

Effects of age, weight, hormones, and hibernation on breeding success in boreal toads (Bufo boreas boreas)

The goals of this study were to test the effects of exogenous hormones and hibernation on breeding behavior and gamete release by boreal toads (Bufo boreas boreas). Each year, a subset of 77 toads was hibernated and then paired with hibernated or nonhibernated mates and treated with luteinizing hormone releasing hormone analogue (LHRHa), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), or left untreated. Amplexus and egg and sperm production were recorded. At 1 yr of age, only 19% of pairs exhibited amplexus, and no sperm or eggs were produced. At 2 and 3 yr of age, most male toads treated with LHRHa exhibited amplexus (56.9% and 100%, respectively). Among 2-yr-old males, amplexus was more prevalent (P < 0.05) in those that were hibernated than in those that were nonhibernated (54.0% and 33.3%, respectively), but most males in each group (93.3% and 75%, respectively) produced sperm in response to LHRHa treatment. Only one 2-yr-old and two 3-yr-old females produced eggs. At 4 yr of age, eight females produced eggs, but two died from egg retention. More nonhibernated than hibernated females developed eggs (7 of 10 vs. 1 of 10, P < 0.05). Mean (±SD) weight of female toads producing eggs (58.9 ± 11.9 g) was greater (P < 0.05) than that of nonproducing females (43.6 ± 7.0 g). Similarly, four of seven nonhibernated females (58.8 ± 8.3 g) produced eggs at 5 yr of age. All eggs were produced by females treated once with LHRHa. Number of eggs per female varied (141 to 3307), and development to tadpoles was low (0 to 36.5%), although tadpoles did become toadlets. In conclusion, male and female boreal toads matured at 2 and 4 yr of age, respectively, and heavier females were more likely to produce eggs. To enhance breeding success, males should be hibernated and treated with LHRHa. In contrast, female productivity was enhanced by improving their body condition instead of subjecting them to hibernation prior to LHRHa treatment.     

黑眶蟾蜍的两性异形与选型配对模式

本研究以黑眶蟾蜍(Duttaphrynus melanostictus)为研究对象,通过对比黑眶蟾蜍抱对个体的体长、头长、头宽、眼间距、鼓膜径、耳后腺长、眼径、前臂及手长、前肢长以及后肢长等形态特征,分析雌性黑眶蟾蜍繁殖输出与其体型的关系,探究黑眶蟾蜍两性异形模式及其与雌性生育力的关系;同时通过对配对个体形态学特征的相关性分析探究了黑眶蟾蜍的配对模式。结果表明,黑眶蟾蜍雌性体长和体重显著大于雄体;两性的所有局部形态特征均与体长成正相关;去除体长因素影响后,雄性头长以及后肢长均明显大于雌性,其余局部形态特征两性间则皆无显著差异。雌体的窝卵重、窝卵数均与其体长和体重成正相关关系。雌性成体的前肢长与抱对雄性成体的前肢长之间呈显著正相关,其余形态特征两性间均无相关性。研究表明,生育力选择是导致黑眶蟾蜍两性异形的重要驱动力;黑眶蟾蜍的选型配对模式未表现在个体大小上,而是体现在局部特征(前肢长),这不仅为揭示两栖类配对模式的普遍性提供了参考,还表明对两栖类选型配对的研究应以多个性状为对象。     

两栖类皮肤抗菌多肽及其应用

抗菌多肽广泛分布于动物、植物,用于抵御细菌、真菌、病毒和原虫,在进化上是一类非常古老而有效的天然防御物质。两栖动物的后天获得性免疫系统与哺乳动物相比极为脆弱,它们在长期的进化历程中演化形成了一套非常有效的抵御微生物侵袭的防御系统,这套系统主要就是其裸露皮肤表面的抗菌多肽(又称初级免疫或者先天免疫系统)。本文结合本实验室近年的研究工作,对两栖类皮肤抗菌多肽的结构、功能及应用作一简要综述。     

Ultrasonic communication in concave-eared torrent frogs (Amolops tormotus)

The concave-eared torrent frogs (Amolops tormotus) have highly unusual ear morphology--in males the eardrums are embedded deep inside ear cavities. In collaboration with our colleagues we investigated the functional significance of this morphological feature in hearing. Sound recordings in the field showed that males of A. tormotus produce diverse bird-like melodic calls with pronounced frequency modulations and non-linear phenomena (e.g., frequency jumps, different orders of subharmonics, and chaos) that often contain spectral energy in the ultrasonic range. The audible as well as the ultrasonic components of the species call could effectively evoke males' vocal responses, demonstrating that they can hear and respond to ultrasound. Electrophysiological recordings from the auditory midbrain confirmed the ultrasonic hearing capacity of these frogs. The recessed tympana and extremely thin tympanic membranes are adaptations for hearing ultrasound--this sensitivity may have evolved in response to the intense, predominately low-frequency ambient noise from local streams. Finally, results from the isolated laryngeal preparation in euthanized frogs revealed that the origin of call complexity and diversity lies with having a vocal system with nonlinear properties.     

海南黎母山自然保护区两栖动物多样性及区系特征

2003年7月和2004年1月对海南省黎母山自然保护区两栖动物资源进行了调查,结果表明,该区内有两栖动物1目5科13属25种,全部为东洋界种类,其中华南区成分有15种,华中华南区有10种,分别占黎母山两栖动物总数的60%和40%,海南特有种有7种,具有典型的华南区系成分和热带山地林灌动物群特征。国家Ⅱ级保护动物有虎纹蛙1种;数量优势种有黑眶蟾蜍、小湍蛙、泽蛙、细刺蛙、海南溪树蛙和背条跳树蛙;保护区内两栖动物物种多样性指数为37109,均匀性指数为08321。