华蟾素注射液联合全身化疗治疗中晚期乳腺癌的临床效果分析

目的:探讨华蟾素注射液联合全身化疗治疗中晚期乳腺癌的临床疗效及安全性。方法:选择我科收治的81例中晚期乳腺癌患者并将其随机分为两组,联合组(40例)采用华蟾素注射液联合全身化疗给予治疗,化疗组(41例)单纯给予化疗治疗。治疗后3个月,评价和比较两组的近期和远期疗效,生活质量的改善情况以及不良反应的发生情况。结果:治疗后3个月,联合组治疗有效率明显高于化疗组(P0.05)。截至目前,联合组平均生存期为15个月,化疗组为10个月,两组差异没有统计学意义(P0.05)。联合组的生活质量提高率明显高于化疗组(P0.05)。骨髓抑制和胃肠道反应为两组主要的不良反应,联合组胃肠道反应的发生率明显低于化疗组(P0.05)。结论:华蟾素联合全身化疗对中晚期乳腺癌具有较好的近期治疗效果,并能改善患者的生活质量,且毒副反应较少。     

Protein adsorption on histidyl-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B: I. Study of the mechanistic aspects of adsorption for the separation of human serum albumin from its non-enzymatic glycated isoforms (advanced glycosylated end products)

The characteristics of albumin adsorption on histidyl-aminohexyl-Sepharose 4B were investigated. In particular, the adsorption capacity of the gel was studied as a function of conductivity and pH of the running buffer. The adsorption was maximum at low salt concentration around neutral pH, involving electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions. Kinetic aspects were also investigated. Dissociation constant (K_D) and maximum capacity (Q_x) were, respectively, estimated to be 4.5×10⁻⁵ M (medium affinity) and 93.3 mg (high capacity) of human serum albumin per ml of adsorbent. According to these preliminary results, separation of HSA and its non-enzymatically glycated isoforms (conventionally named advanced glycated end products: AGEs) was achieved. Chromatographic potential of this separation tool is discussed.     

Advanced glycation end-products disrupt human endothelial cells redox homeostasis: new insights into reactive oxygen species production

Advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) trigger multiple metabolic disorders in the vessel wall that may in turn lead to endothelial dysfunction. The molecular mechanisms by which AGEs generate these effects are not completely understood. Oxidative stress plays a key role in the development of deleterious effects that occur in endothelium during diabetes. Our main objectives were to further understand how AGEs contribute to reactive oxygen species (ROS) overproduction in endothelial cells and to evaluate the protective effect of an antioxidant plant extract. The human endothelial cell line EA.hy926 was treated with native or modified bovine serum albumin (respectively BSA and BSA-AGEs). To monitor free radicals formation, we used H₂DCF-DA, dihydroethidium (DHE), DAF-FM-DA and MitoSOX Red dyes. To investigate potential sources of ROS, nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase and mitochondrial inhibitors were used. The regulation of different types of ROS by the polyphenol-rich extract from the medicinal plant Doratoxylon apetalum was also studied for a therapeutic perspective. BSA-AGEs exhibited not only less antioxidant properties than BSA, but also pro-oxidant effects. The degree of albumin glycoxidation directly influenced oxidative stress through a possible communication between NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. D. apetalum significantly decreased intracellular hydrogen peroxide and superoxide anions mainly detected by H₂DCF-DA and DHE respectively. Our results suggest that BSA-AGEs promote a marked oxidative stress mediated at least by NADPH oxidase and mitochondria. D. apetalum plant extract appeared to be an effective antioxidant compound to protect endothelial cells.     

SOX 与FOLFOX6 化疗方案治疗老年晚期胃癌患者的临床疗效对比

目的：探讨SOX 与FOLFOX6 化疗方案治疗老年晚期胃癌患者的临床疗效。方法：选择2009 年10 月~2014 年10 月本院收 治的老年晚期胃癌患者共80 例,按照随机数字表法随机分为实验组和对照组,实验组采用SOX 化疗方案,对照组采用FOLFOX6 化疗方案,对两组患者近期有效率、疾病控制率和不良反应发生状况进行评价。结果：两组近期有效率及治疗控制率比较, 差异无统计学意义（P>0.05）。两组患者不良反应主要表现为口腔炎症、胃肠道反应和骨髓抑制,主要以I~II级常见。两组患者口腔 炎、腹泻、白细胞减少、贫血和血小板减少的差异均无统计学意义（P>0.05）,实验组患者恶心呕吐发生率为（19.05%）明显低于对照 组发生率（42.11%）,差异有统计学意义（P<0.05）。结论：SOX和FOLFOX6 化疗方案治疗老年晚期胃癌患者疗效、不良反应发生 状况基本相似,但SOX化疗方案胃肠道副反应更少,且应用方便,值得在临床上推广应用。     

长春瑞滨联合卡铂化疗治疗晚期肺癌的临床观察

目的:探讨长春瑞滨联合卡铂化疗对晚期肺癌的治疗效果和安全性。方法:选取我院肿瘤科收治的晚期肺癌患者60例,根据不同治疗方案分为实验组与对照组,每组各30例患者。比较两组患者治疗前后的CEA、CA50、CYFRA21-1水平、白细胞计数及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+水平的变化。结果:治疗前,两组患者的CEA、CA50、CYFRA21-1水平、白细胞计数及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD8+水平比较均无统计学差异(P0.05)。治疗后,实验组的CEA、CA50、CYFRA21-1、CD8+水平均明显低于对照组,而白细胞计数及T淋巴细胞亚群CD4+、CD4+/CD8+水平均显著高于对照组,差异均具有统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:与放疗相比,长春瑞滨联合卡铂化疗能显著提高晚期肺癌的疗效,且不降低患者的细胞免疫。     

Efficiently Tracking Selection in a Multiparental Population: The Case of Earliness in Wheat

Multiparental populations are innovative tools for fine mapping large numbers of loci. Here we explored the application of a wheat Multiparent Advanced Generation Inter-Cross (MAGIC) population for QTL mapping. This population was created by 12 generations of free recombination among 60 founder lines, following modification of the mating system from strict selfing to strict outcrossing using the ms1b nuclear male sterility gene. Available parents and a subset of 380 SSD lines of the resulting MAGIC population were phenotyped for earliness and genotyped with the 9K i-Select SNP array and additional markers in candidate genes controlling heading date. We demonstrated that 12 generations of strict outcrossing rapidly and drastically reduced linkage disequilibrium to very low levels even at short map distances and also greatly reduced the population structure exhibited among the parents. We developed a Bayesian method, based on allelic frequency, to estimate the contribution of each parent in the evolved population. To detect loci under selection and estimate selective pressure, we also developed a new method comparing shifts in allelic frequency between the initial and the evolved populations due to both selection and genetic drift with expectations under drift only. This evolutionary approach allowed us to identify 26 genomic areas under selection. Using association tests between flowering time and polymorphisms, 6 of these genomic areas appeared to carry flowering time QTL, 1 of which corresponds to Ppd-D1, a major gene involved in the photoperiod sensitivity. Frequency shifts at 4 of 6 areas were consistent with earlier flowering of the evolved population relative to the initial population. The use of this new outcrossing wheat population, mixing numerous initial parental lines through multiple generations of panmixia, is discussed in terms of power to detect genes under selection and association mapping. Furthermore we provide new statistical methods for use in future analyses of multiparental populations.     

老年晚期非小细胞肺癌患者对放化疗的耐受性研究现况

近年多组大规模的随机对照研究已经证实：放化疗对于老年晚期NSCLC患者好于最佳支持治疗（BSC）,放化疗组的有效率、中住生存期、一年生存率显著高于BSC组,但老年人伴随着年龄的增长器官功能衰退、药代酶活性下降等生理因素,常合并其他疾病等原因,其药效学和药动学也随之发生变化,老年NSCLC放化疗的潜在毒性危险可能增加,治疗耐受性较差,综合治疗可能带来较多的并发症,甚至高的治疗相关死亡率。中医学认为化疗副反应主要表现为气血亏损、脾胃失调及肝肾虚损等症候群,放疗副反应的症候群以热象较重,属热毒之邪耗气伤阴,进而灼津烁血以致气血、肌肤、脏腑受损的火郁、燥结、热毒症候较多。中医药在减轻放化疗的毒副作用、提高老年患者对放化疗的耐受性等方面有明显优势。